Objective To investigate the repeated dose toxicity of doxorubicin liposome injection and doxorubicin injection in rats. Methods Ninety SD rats ( body weight 180-220 g, male:female=1:1 ) were divided into 3 groups (30 rats in each group), and were administered intravenously with physiological saline, doxorubicin liposome injection (1 mg·kg-1 ) and doxorubicin injection ( 1 mg·kg-1 ) , respectively, once every three days for thirteen times. The body weight, blood biochemistry, hematology, organ coefficient and histopathology were analyzed for the overall toxicity assessment. Results The rats administered with doxorubicin liposome injection (1 mg/kg) showed hair loss and skin ulcer, significantly reduced growth of body weight, increased levels of urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , blood platelet ( PLT ) , and kidney and heart coefficients, decreased thymus and testicular coefficients, myofibrillar rupture and lysis, and partial loss of cell nuclei, hyaline casts in the renal convoluted tubules, interstitial edema and loss of spermatogenic cells in the testicular tubules. Compared with the doxorubicin liposome injection group, similar abnormal changes were also observed in the doxorubicin injection group, but the hair loss and skin ulcer were milder and the heart and kidney toxicities were severer. Conclusions Compared with doxorubicin injection, the doxorubicin liposome injection causes milder heart and kidney toxicity but more serious skin toxicity.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of left-handed pantoprazole sodium on rat models of gastric ulcer generated by pyloric ligation .Methods The rat models induced by pylorus ligation were treated with a single intravenous injection of left-handed pantoprazole sodium .The gastric ulcer inhibition rate , volume of gastric juice, activity of pepsin, and level of serum gastrin were determined and gastric mucosa tissue was examined by pathology . Results The gastric ulcer index , volume of gastric juice , activity of pepsin and level of serum gastrin in the rats pretreated with left-handed pantoprazole sodium (0.9, 1.8, 3.6 mg/kg, i.v.) were significantly lower than those in the model group .The lesions of gastric mucosa were also improved in the pantoprazole-treated groups .Conclusions Left-handed pantoprazole sodium has remarkable protective effects on the gastric mucosa in rat models of gastric ulcer induced by pyloric ligation.

Objective To investigate the subchronic toxicity of a Chinese medicine Danhong injection in dogs . Methods Twenty-four healthy Beagle dogs (body weigh 7-9 kg, male:female=1:1) were used in this study.The test dogs were administered with Danhong injection by intravenous injection once every day for consecutive 6 days/week for thirteen weeks.The Danhong injection was used in 3 doses:494,247,and 124 mg· kg-1, repectively.The control dogs received normal saline injection in the same volume .The body weight, blood biochemistry, hematology, viscera relative weight and histopathology were determined for the overall toxicity assessment .Results The dogs administered with 494 g· kg-1 Danhong injection showed significantly reduced body weight gain , abnormal increase of urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , creatinine (CR) levels, and histopathological changes in the liver .Conclusions Danhong injection (494mg· kg-1 ) administered Intravenously has obvious toxicity on the liver and kidney function .

AIM: To examine the pharmacodynamics of a self-developed oral colon-specific delivery coated tablets of 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) on rats. METHODS: Ulcerative colitis rat model was developed by intrarectal administration of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in alcohol. Rats were divided randomly into healthy control group, TNBS control group, TNBS + lower dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS +medium dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS + higher dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS + sulfasalazine (SASP) group, TNBS + medium dose non-coated tablet group. Several indices including macroscopic change,histological damage, and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were examined after 5 consecutive oral drug administration to assess pharmacodynamics of the coated tablets. RESULTS: An experimental ulcerative colitis in rats was induced by TNBS. Compared with 4-ASA non-coated tablet group, decreased macroscopic and histological damage score and lower MPO activity were observed after the oral administration of 4-ASA coated tablets or SASP. There was no significant difference between the effects on the indices of higher dose of coated tablets and SASP (P ＞ 0.05) CONCLUSION: The self-made 4-ASA oral colon-specific delivery coated tablet showes higher effect than non-coated tablets to treat ulcerative colitis in rats.

Objective To observe the repeat administration toxicity of Guanxinning Injection in rats.Methods Totally 120 rats (males and females) were randomly divided into vehicle control group and three Guanxinning Injection groups with different dosages (3.40,1.70,and 0.85 g/kg).Rats were administered with Guanxinning Injection by consecutive intravenous injection for 13 weeks.Besides the general conditions were observed,the related indexes were detected,such as body weight,the routine control of blood,hepatic function,renal function,the metabolism condition of lipids,the glycometabolism indexes,and histopathology analysis were determined at 13 weeks of treatments and 4 weeks after the withdrawal,respectively.Results Rats in the Guanxinning Injection group at 3.40,1.70 g/kg apperance shortness of breath,unsteady gait,lying motionless,and other symptoms.There was no obvious abnormal reaction in the 0.85 g/kg dose group.There were two male rats in the Guanxinning Injection group at 3.40 g/kg died at about week 4 of treatments,and there was no death in the 0.85 and 1.70 g/kg dose groups.Compared with vehicle control group,the related indexes of blood,blood biochemistry,organ relative quality,and histopathological showed no obvious abnormalities in Guanxinning Injection 0.85 and 1.70 g/kg group.The levels of urea nitrogen (BUN) and the relative weight of kidney in Guanxinning Injection 3.40 g/kg group were significantly higher than those in vehicle control group at 13 weeks.The change of these parameters regained to normal at 4 weeks after withdrawal and the rest of the detection index showed no obvious abnormality in 3.40 g/kg dase group.Conclusion Intravenous administration of Guanxinning Injection for 13 weeks at high dose could induce reversible damage to kidney.

Objective To review retrospectively our experience of the diagnosis and surgical treatment in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA).Methods The diagnosis and surgical treatment in 72 patients 〔62 men, 10 women; mean age (67.5?9.3) years)〕 with AAA from January 1995 to February 2004 were analyzed. Fifty eight patients with infrarenal AAA and 2 patients with suprarenal AAA underwent elective graft replacement operation; 12 patients with ruptured AAA underwent urgent graft replacement operation. Results Fifty eight patients with infrarenal AAA and 2 patients with suprarenal AAA were cured and 2 patients with infrarenal AAA died of multiple organ failure after elective graft replacement operation, the 30 day mortality rate in patients with infrarenal AAA after elective operation was 3.45%. Seven patients were cured and 5 patients died of multiple organ failure after urgent graft replacement operation, the 30 day mortality rate was 41.67%. Conclusion The elective graft replacement operation in patients with AAA is a safe and effective surgical approach under the improvement of surgical technique and management of perioperative period.

Objective To summarize the experience of surgical management of carotid tumors ( CBT ) and application of shunt between common and internal carotid artery intraoperatively. Methods Thirty patients of CBT (mean age:39. 2 ±2. 3 years old,10 male and 20 female, 15 in left, 14 in right and 1 in both sides) who underwent surgical resection, were retrospectively reviewed. The average size of CBT was 4.9 ±0.3 cm. The diagnosis was established by ultrasound, CT, MRI or carotid arteriography. 16 patients underwent surgical resection of CBT, 10 patients underwent additional ligation of external carotid artery, and 4 patients underwent additional intraoperative shunt between common and internal carotid artery. Results Surgical procedures were successfully performeded in all 30 patients with CBT. Intraoperative shunts were successfully used between common and internal carotid artery in 4 patients. The postoperative complications included hoarseness (15) , bucking (11), crooked tongue ( 17) , dyspnea (1), dysphagia(3). There was no hemiplegia and death. Conclusion Surgical resection is the choice of treatment of carotid body tumor. The application of intraoperative shunt between common and internal carotid artery in complicated Shamblin Ⅲ stage is safe and effective.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture combined with a Chinese medicine, Danhong injection, on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods Middle cerebral artery ( MCA ) occlusion was prepared by putting a nylon suture in the MCA.The MCA blood flow in the animals was restored at two hours after the MCA occlusion by withdrawing the suture to the external carotid artery (ECA).The acupoints“Baihui”(DU20) and “Zusanli”(ST36) were acupunctured and stimulated by twirling the acupuncture needle after reperfusion, and the rats were also administered with Danhong injection by intravenous injection, once every day for three days.Zea-Longa scores were recorded to assess the changes of neurological function. The rats were sacrificed at 72 h after reperfusion. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride ( TTC) staining was used to measure cerebral infarction size.Western blot was used to test the level of Bcl-2 and Bax in the ischemic penumbra.Results The acupuncture combined with Danhong injection treatment group displayed markedly lower neurologic deficit scores, reduced ischemic infarct surface, increased expression of Bcl-2 protein, and reduced expression of Bax protein, compared with those in the model group and Danhong injection alone group.Conclusions Acupuncture combined with Danhong injection show more significant neuroprotective effect than Danhong injection treatment alone on rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the synergism and attenuation effects of Scapharca Subcrenata Extraction on NP chemotherapy in model mice.Methods The models of nude mice were induced with A549 cell line xenograft.The tumor inhibiting rates, body weight, food intake, hematology and blood biochemistry index were determined to evaluate the synergism and attenuation effects of Scapharca Subcrenata Extraction (125、250、500 mg/kg, i.g) on NP chemotherapy. Results Compared with NP chemotherapy group, the tumor inhibiting rates, body weight, food intake, white blood cell number were increased and glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and urea nitrogen were decreased markedly in NP chemotherapy plus Scapharca Subcrenata Extraction groups. Conclusion Scapharca Subcrenata Extraction has a remarkable synergism and attenuation effects on NP chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the synergism and attenuation effects of Pini Pollen on cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in model mice.Methods The models of mouse were induced with S180 tumor and cyclophosphamide.The tumor inhibiting rates, hematology, Liver function, giant cell phagocytosis, hemolysin level and indexes of thymus and spleen were determined to evaluate the synergism and attenuation effects of Pini Pollen(150,300,600 mg/kg) on cyclophosphamide chemotherapy.Results Compared with cyclophosphamide chemotherapy group,the tumor inhibiting rates,white blood cell number,giant cell phagocytosis, hemolysin level and indexes of thymus and spleen were increased, at the same time liver function damage were alleviated significantly in cyclophosphamide plus Pini Pollen groups.Conclusions Pini Pollen has a remarkable synergism and attenuation effects on cyclophosphamide chemotherapy through its immune adjustment functions.