1.Difference in Spinal Sagittal Alignment and Health-Related Quality of Life between Males and Females with Cervical Deformity.
Shin OE ; Daisuke TOGAWA ; Go YOSHIDA ; Tomohiko HASEGAWA ; Yu YAMATO ; Sho KOBAYASHI ; Tatsuya YASUDA ; Tomohiro BANNO ; Yuki MIHARA ; Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Asian Spine Journal 2017;11(6):959-967
STUDY DESIGN: Large cohort study. PURPOSE: To clarify spinal sagittal alignment and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) according to sex in volunteers aged >50 years with cervical deformity (CD). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Adult spinal deformities, especially those associated with lumbosacral lesions, are more frequent in females; however, CD is observed to a greater extent in males. METHODS: We divided 656 volunteers (263 males, 393 females; age, 50–89 years [mean, 73 years]) as follows: males with CD (CDM; 82 patients); males without CD (NCDM, 181); females with CD (CDF, 36); and females without CD (NCDF, 357). CD was defined as C2–7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) ≥40 mm. We measured pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI−LL), thoracic kyphosis, T1 slope, cervical lordosis, C7 SVA, and C2–7 SVA. HRQOL was evaluated using EuroQOL five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D). RESULTS: In CDM, NCDM, CDF, and NCDF groups, the respective parameters were as follows: PT: 15°, 14°, 26°, and 21°; PI−LL: 7°, 5°, 16°, and 10°; C2–7 SVA: 49, 24, 46, and 20 mm; C7 SVA: 61, 40, 75, and 47 mm; and EQ-5D: 0.82, 0.88, 0.78, and 0.81. PT and PI−LL were significantly greater in the CDF group than in the NCDF group (p < 0.05) but were not significantly different between CDM and NCDM groups. The CDF group already showed deterioration of spinopelvic alignment, although it was maintained in the CDM group. EQ-5D in showed significantly greater deterioration the CDM group than in the NCDM group; deterioration of lumbopelvic parameters had less influence in males (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sagittal spinal deformity may have different mechanisms in males and females. The deterioration of spinal sagittal alignment in males may originate from the cervical spine, and CD may be associated with HRQOL.
Adult
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Animals
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Cohort Studies
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Congenital Abnormalities*
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Female*
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Humans
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Incidence
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Kyphosis
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Lordosis
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Male*
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Quality of Life*
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Sex Characteristics
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Spine
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Volunteers
2.Multi-Rod Constructs Can Increase the Incidence of Iliac Screw Loosening after Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity
Tomohiro BANNO ; Tomohiko HASEGAWA ; Yu YAMATO ; Daisuke TOGAWA ; Go YOSHIDA ; Sho KOBAYASHI ; Tatsuya YASUDA ; Hideyuki ARIMA ; Shin OE ; Yuki MIHARA ; Hiroki USHIROZAKO ; Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Asian Spine Journal 2019;13(3):500-510
STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of iliac screw loosening with a two-rod vs. multi-rod construct and the effect on clinical and radiographic outcomes after surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD). OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Multi-rod construct is useful for preventing rod fracture in ASD surgery. However, limited information is available regarding the incidence of iliac screw loosening after corrective fusion surgery using a multi-rod construct. METHODS: Total 106 patients with ASD (24 men and 82 women; mean age, 68 years) who underwent corrective fusion surgery using bilateral iliac screws and were followed up for at least 1 year were reviewed. The following variables were compared between patients who underwent surgery with a two-rod and multi-rod construct: age, sex, bone mineral density (BMD), fusion level, high-grade osteotomy, L5/S interbody fusion, screw loosening (upper instrumented vertebra [UIV], S1, and iliac), rod fracture, proximal junctional kyphosis, spinopelvic parameters, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score. We also compared patients with and without iliac screw loosening in the multi-rod construct group. RESULTS: Of the 106 patients, 55 underwent surgery with a conventional two-rod construct and 51 with a multi-rod construct (three rods in 16, four rods in 35). Iliac and UIV screw loosening was observed in 24 patients (21%) and 35 patients (33%), respectively. The multi-rod group showed significantly higher incidence of iliac and UIV screw loosening and lower incidence of rod fracture. Patients with iliac screw loosening had a lower BMD than those without screw loosening; however, no significant differences were observed in the spinopelvic parameters or the ODI score. CONCLUSIONS: The use of multi-rod constructs led to a higher incidence of junctional screw loosening than the use of conventional two-rod constructs, especially in patients with osteoporosis. Iliac screw loosening did not affect sagittal alignment or clinical outcome in the short term.
Adult
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Bone Density
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Congenital Abnormalities
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Female
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Humans
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Incidence
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Kyphosis
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Male
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Osteoporosis
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Osteotomy
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Retrospective Studies
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Spine
3.Hypertension Is Related to Positive Global Sagittal Alignment: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study
Hideyuki ARIMA ; Daisuke TOGAWA ; Tomohiko HASEGAWA ; Yu YAMATO ; Go YOSHIDA ; Sho KOBAYASHI ; Tatsuya YASUDA ; Tomohiro BANNO ; Shin OE ; Yuki MIHARA ; Hiroki USHIROZAKO ; Hironobu HOSHINO ; Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Asian Spine Journal 2019;13(6):895-903
STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study.PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension and spino-pelvic sagittal alignment in middle-aged and elderly individuals.OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Positive global sagittal alignment is associated with poor health-related quality of life. Hypertension is associated with tissue microcirculation disorders of the skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that hypertension may be involved in positive global sagittal alignment.METHODS: In this institutional review board-approved study, 655 participants (262 men and 393 women; mean age, 72.9 years; range, 50–92 years) who underwent musculoskeletal screening in Toei town, Aichi, Japan were included. Whole spine and pelvic radiographs were taken, and radiographic parameters (thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, pelvic incidence, and sagittal vertical axis [SVA]) were measured using an image-analysis software. Hypertension was assessed using the standard criteria. The study participants were divided into three subgroups as per age (50–64 years, 65–74 years, and ≥75 years). We examined the differences in the radiographic parameters of those with and without hypertension in each age subgroup.RESULTS: In each age subgroup, there was no significant difference in the age and sex of those with and without hypertension. SVA was significantly shifted forward in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group in those aged 50–64 years old (32.4 mm vs. 16.0 mm, p=0.018) and in those aged 65–74 years old (42.7 mm vs. 30.6 mm, p=0.012). There was no significant difference between the hypertension and non-hypertension groups in terms of the alignment of the lumbar and thoracic spine in all the subgroups. In multivariate analysis, hypertension was a significant independent factor of forward-shifted SVA (standardized beta 0.093, p=0.015).CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that hypertension was associated with forward-shifted global sagittal alignment.
Aged
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Animals
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Cohort Studies
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Female
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Humans
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Hypertension
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Incidence
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Japan
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Kyphosis
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Lordosis
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Male
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Mass Screening
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Microcirculation
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Multivariate Analysis
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Muscle, Skeletal
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Quality of Life
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Spine
4.Association between Pelvic Parameters and Vaginal Delivery
Tomohiro YAMADA ; Yu YAMATO ; Tomohiko HASEGAWA ; Go YOSHIDA ; Tatsuya YASUDA ; Tomohiro BANNO ; Hideyuki ARIMA ; Shin OE ; Yuki MIHARA ; Hiroki USHIROZAKO ; Koichiro IDE ; Yuh WATANABE ; Hironobu HOSINO ; Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Asian Spine Journal 2022;16(2):248-253
Methods:
As part of a 2016 health screening, 320 female volunteers underwent whole-spine radiographs. Age-matched healthy women were grouped according to the number of vaginal deliveries (0, 1–2, or ≥3). Demographic variables and spinopelvic parameters were compared among the three groups.
Results:
Of the 320 volunteers, 213 were enrolled (mean age, 71.1±7.2 years). The mean number of vaginal deliveries was 2.2. The average pelvic incidence (PI) was 55.6°±11.1° and was significantly higher in the 90 women with three or more vaginal deliveries than in the other two groups (p<0.001). The average sacral slope was 33.4°±11.1° and was significantly higher in the women with three or more vaginal deliveries than in the 18 who did not deliver vaginally (p<0.001). The 105 women with one or two vaginal deliveries had significantly higher PIs and sacral slopes than did those who did not deliver vaginally (p<0.001).
Conclusions
This is the first study documenting an association between vaginal delivery and pelvic parameters. Bony birth canal realignment during vaginal delivery can affect postnatal PI. Our study helps in understanding the PI changes over a woman’s life span.
5.Selective Angiography to Detect Anterior Spinal Artery Stenosis in Thoracic Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Go YOSHIDA ; Hiroki USHIROZAKO ; Tomohiko HASEGAWA ; Yu YAMATO ; Tatsuya YASUDA ; Tomohiro BANNO ; Hideyuki ARIMA ; Shin OE ; Yuki MIHARA ; Tomohiro YAMADA ; Koichiro IDE ; Yuh WATANABE ; Takasuke USHIO ; Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Asian Spine Journal 2022;16(3):334-342
Methods:
This study prospectively examined nine T-OPLL patients who underwent posterior thoracic decompression with kyphosis correction and instrumented fusion at Hamamatsu University School of Medicine between 2017 and 2019. All underwent preoperative selective angiography to detect and evaluate the Adamkiewicz artery and ASA. Intraoperative neuromonitoring and Doppler ultrasonography were performed to analyze neurological complications and spinal cord blood flow.
Results:
All nine patients showed ASA stenosis in the area of T-OPLL. In all patients, the Adamkiewicz artery was located between T7 and L2 and the area of ASA stenosis corresponded to the level of T-OPLL and greatest spinal cord compression; intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography confirmed the ASA defect at the same spinal level. The number of spinal levels from the Adamkiewicz artery to the most compressive OPLL lesion was greater in the two patients who developed postoperative neurological deficit compared to those who did not (5.5 vs. 2.3, p=0.014).
Conclusions
This is the first study to report detection of ASA stenosis in patients with T-OPLL. Maintaining spinal cord blood flow is important in these patients to avoid neurological deterioration.
6.Preoperative Less Right Shoulder Elevation Had a Higher Risk of Postoperative Shoulder Imbalance When Main Thoracic Curve Shows Higher Correction Regardless of the Upper Instrumented Vertebra Level for Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Lenke Type 1
Tomohiro BANNO ; Yu YAMATO ; Tomohiko HASEGAWA ; Go YOSHIDA ; Hideyuki ARIMA ; Shin OE ; Yuki MIHARA ; Koichiro IDE ; Yuh WATANABE ; Kenta KUROSU ; Keiichi NAKAI ; Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Asian Spine Journal 2023;17(1):166-175
Methods:
We examined the data of AIS patients with Lenke type 1 curves who underwent posterior fusion surgery in a retrospective manner. PSI was defined as a 2-year postoperative absolute radiographic shoulder height (RSH) of ≥2 cm. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of PSI and the level of their upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) (UIV at T2 or T3 [U-UIV] or UIV below T3 [L-UIV]). The radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared, and the cutoff values of risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis.
Results:
Of 104 patients, 21 (20.2%) had left shoulder elevation PSI. The PSI group had a significantly greater preoperative RSH (−5.1 mm vs. −14.3 mm) and main thoracic (MT) curve correction rate (77.3% vs. 69.1%) than the non-PSI group. The PSI incidence did not differ between the U-UIV and L-UIV groups. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative RSH and the MT curve correction rate as independent risk factors for PSI. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified the preoperative RSH cutoff value as −6.5 mm and MT curve correction rate cutoff value as 76.9%.
Conclusions
Even in AIS patients with Lenke type 1 curves, the incidence of PSI was relatively high (20.2%). Patients with preoperative lower right shoulder elevation (i.e., RSH >−6.5 mm) had a higher risk of PSI regardless of UIV level when the MT curve showed a higher correction rate (i.e., correction rate >76.9%).
7.Revision Surgery for a Rod Fracture with Multirod Constructs Using a Posterior-Only Approach Following Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity
Yu YAMATO ; Tomohiko HASEGAWA ; Go YOSHIDA ; Tomohiro BANNO ; Shin OE ; Hideyuki ARIMA ; Yuki MIHARA ; Hiroki USHIROZAKO ; Tomohiro YAMADA ; Yuh WATANABE ; Koichiro IDE ; Keiichi NAKAI ; Kenta KUROSU ; Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Asian Spine Journal 2022;16(5):740-748
Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 404 patients who underwent corrective fusion surgery for ASD with a minimum 2-year follow-up. We studied cases of reoperation for postoperative rod fractures and investigated surgical procedure, intraoperative findings, clinical course, and rod refracture following revision surgery.
Results:
Rod fracture was observed in 88 patients (21.8%). Fifty-three patients (average age, 68.3 years; average blood loss, 502.2 mL [% estimated blood volume=16.4%]; and operation time, 203.3 minutes) who suffered from a rod fracture at an average of 28.3 months after the primary operation underwent reoperation. Surgical invasiveness had no significant differences in total or partial rod replacement; however, the procedures with and without an anterior bone graft significantly differed. The replaced rod refractured at an average of 35.3 months after the revision surgery of five patients. The rod also refractured at a level outside multiple rods in two patients and with traumatic episodes in three patients. Three patients had bone grafts in the anterior column.
Conclusions
Revision surgery involving a multirod with a posterior-only approach for a rod fracture that occurred after ASD was performed successfully. Bone grafting in the anterior column is unnecessary for patients without massive bone defects.
8.Change in Line of Sight after Corrective Surgery of Adult Spinal Deformity Patients: A 2-Year Follow-up
Ken Jeffrey MAGCALAS ; Shin OE ; Yu YAMATO ; Tomohiko HASEGAWA ; Go YOSHIDA ; Tomohiro BANNO ; Hideyuki ARIMA ; Yuki MIHARA ; Hiroki USHIROZAKO ; Tomohiro YAMADA ; Koichiro IDE ; Yuh WATANABE ; Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Asian Spine Journal 2023;17(2):272-284
Methods:
This retrospective study includes 295 corrective surgery patients with ASD. Subjects were divided into two groups after propensity age matching analysis: cranial malalignment (McGS <−8 or >13) and normal cranial alignment (−8≤ McGS ≤13). Lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), TK, cervical lordosis (CL), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were evaluated between the two groups.
Results:
SVA (95–56 mm) and PT (34°–25°) decreased and LL (19°–41°) increased 2 years after surgery (p <0.05), but McGS (−1.1° to −0.5°) and CL (21°–19°) did not change. Conversely, in the group with cranial malalignment, SVA (120–64 mm), PT (35°–26°), and LL (12°–41°) showed similar results to the normal cranial parameter group 2 years after surgery, but in contrast, McGS (−13° to −2°) and CL (24°–18°) improved significantly.
Conclusions
Severe ASD adversely affects to maintain horizontal gaze but can be improved by spinal corrective surgery.
9.How Is Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis Associated with Spinopelvic and Lower-Extremity Alignments in the Elderly
Jili WANG ; Hiroki USHIROZAKO ; Yu YAMATO ; Koichiro IDE ; Tomohiko HASEGAWA ; Go YOSHIDA ; Tomohiro BANNO ; Shin OE ; Hideyuki ARIMA ; Yuki MIHARA ; Yuh WATANABE ; Keiichi NAKAI ; Kenta KUROSU ; Hironobu HOSHINO ; Yukihiro MATSUYAMA
Asian Spine Journal 2023;17(2):253-261
Methods:
Adult volunteers aged over 50 years were included in the study after participating in the screening program. Characteristic data and standing radiographic parameters were assessed. A propensity score model was established with adjustments for age and sex after a preliminary analysis, and cases were divided into DLS (Cobb angle >10°) and non-DLS (Cobb angle ≤10°) groups.
Results:
There were significant differences in age, sex, C2 sagittal vertical axis (C2-SVA), C7-SVA, T1 pelvic angle (TPA), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), PI minus LL (PI–LL), knee angle, ankle angle, pelvic shift, C7-center sacral vertical line, L4 tilt, femur-tibia angle, and hip-knee-ankle angle (all p <0.05) using a preliminary analysis of 261 cases (75 DLS and 186 non-DLS). A one-to-one propensity score-matched analysis was used after 70 pairs of cases were selected. There were no significant differences in the characteristic data for lower extremity parameters. There were still significantly higher values of C2-SVA, TPA, PI, PT, and PI–LL in DLS group than in non-DLS group (all p <0.05).
Conclusions
This study showed an important relationship between DLS and sagittal spinal deformity. However, DLS was not associated with the sagittal and coronal lower extremity alignments.
10.Influence of Diabetes Mellitus on Surgical Outcomes in Patients with Cervical Myelopathy: A Prospective, Multicenter Study
Shinji TANISHIMA ; Tokumitsu MIHARA ; Atsushi TANIDA ; Chikako TAKEDA ; Masaaki MURATA ; Toshiaki TAKAHASHI ; Koji YAMANE ; Tsugutake MORISHITA ; Yasuo MORIO ; Hiroyuki ISHII ; Satoru FUKATA ; Yoshiro NANJO ; Yuki HAMAMOTO ; Toshiyuki DOKAI ; Hideki NAGASHIMA
Asian Spine Journal 2019;13(3):468-477
STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective study. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on surgical outcomes in patients with cervical myelopathy. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: To date, few studies have investigated the influence of postoperative blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels on surgical outcomes. METHODS: The participants were patients who underwent surgery for the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The 61 cases were evaluated preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and the JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire (JOACMEQ). The study variables included fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels measured preoperatively and at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 1 year postoperatively; the F-wave conduction velocity, latency, rate of occurrence, and M-wave latency in the ulnar and tibial nerves were measured preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. The patients were divided into a group without diabetes (N group, 42 patients) and a group with diabetes (DM group, 19 patients). We then assessed the associations between the surgical outcomes and each of the study variables. RESULTS: JOA scores significantly improved in both groups; however, no significant between-group differences were found. There was no significant improvement in the JOACMEQ scores, which assessed cervical function, upper and lower limb function, and bladder function in both groups. We then subdivided the DM group into those with a good control of HbA1c after 1 year (DMG group, 12 patients) and those with HbA1c deterioration after 1 year (DMB group, seven patients), prior to comparing the surgical outcomes. The JOACMEQ scores for upper and lower limb function significantly improved in the DMG group (p<0.01). Compared with the DMB group, there were no significant increases in upper or lower limb function scores in the DMG group. CONCLUSIONS: Poor glycemic control might prevent postoperative functional recovery of the spinal cord.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
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Blood Glucose
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Electromyography
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Fasting
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Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated
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Humans
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Longitudinal Ligaments
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Lower Extremity
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Neck
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Prospective Studies
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Spinal Cord
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Spinal Cord Compression
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Spinal Cord Diseases
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Tibial Nerve
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Treatment Outcome
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Urinary Bladder