Respiro-circulatory responses to forearm and calf exercise performed simultaneously were compared with corresponding responses to forearm or calf exercise performed separately in 9 active women aged 21.1 yr on average. Handgrip exercise and plantar flexion were carried out for 60 s in a supine position at a frequency of 60 times·min^-1 and the load was adjusted to 1/3 MVC. Forearm blood flow (FBF) increased to 9.64±1.00 ml·100 ml^-1·min^-1 immediately after handgrip exercise, and calf blood flow (CBF) to 12.72±0.72 ml·100 ml^-1·min^-1 after plantar flexion. These increases in FBF and CBF were not significantly different from those after combined arm and leg exercise. Blood flow to inactive limbs showed no significant changes. Rises in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of exercise were significantly higher after handgrip exercise than after plantar flexion. However, no significant difference was found in mean blood pressure among the three types of exercise. Vo₂ and HR in combined exercise were significantly higher than those during handgrip exercise, but no significant difference was found between combined exercise and plantar flexion.
Thus the present results indicated that the circulation to active limbs was not restricted when exercise was performed at 1/3 MVC, and that inhibitory summation shown in the central respiro-circulatory response to increased active muscle mass could occur without restriction of the peripheral circulation to the active muscle.

Rotator cuff tears are often associated with synovitis, but the ability of noninvasive ultrasonography to predict the severity of synovitis remains unclear. We investigated whether ultrasound parameters, namely peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery and Doppler activity in the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space, reflect synovitis severity. Methods: A total of 54 patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were selected. Doppler ultrasound was used to measure peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery and Doppler activity in the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space, and these values were compared with the intraoperative synovitis score in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Univariate analyses revealed that tear size, peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery, and Doppler activity in the glenohumeral joint were associated with synovitis in the glenohumeral joint (P=0.02, P<0.001, P=0.02, respectively). In the subacromial space, tear size, peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery, and Doppler activity in the subacromial space were associated with synovitis severity (P=0.02, P<0.001, P=0.02, respectively). Multivariate analyses indicated that tear size and peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery were independently associated with synovitis scores in both the glenohumeral joint and the subacromial space (all P<0.05). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that tear size and peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery, which can both be measured noninvasively, are useful indicators of synovitis severity. Level of evidence: IV.

Since the discovery of the first strain in 1961 in England, MRSA, the most notorious multidrug-resistant hospital pathogen, has spread all over the world. MRSA repeatedly turned down the challenges by number of chemotherapeutics, the fruits of modern organic chemistry. Now, we are in short of effective therapeutic agents against MRSA prevailing among immuno-compromised patients in the hospital. On top of this, we recently became aware of the rise of diverse clones of MRSA, some of which have increased pathogenic potential compared to the classical hospital-associated MRSA, and the others from veterinary sources. They increased rapidly in the community, and started menacing otherwise healthy individuals by causing unexpected acute infection. This review is intended to provide a whole picture of MRSA based on its genetic makeup as a versatile pathogen and our tenacious colonizer.
Adenosine ; Chemistry, Organic ; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary ; Clone Cells ; Colon ; England ; Fruit ; Humans ; Methicillin ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Sprains and Strains ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus

The Trail Making Test (TMT) is a widely used measure of attention impairment. The time needed to complete the TMT (TMT score) is longer with greater impairment of attention in patients with brain diseases. TMT score becomes large in a proportion of patients with minor ischemic stroke. The Japanese version of the TMT- (TMT-J) was published in 2019. The purpose of this study was to clarify serial changes in TMT-J scores in patients with minor ischemic stroke. We retrospectively reviewed the TMT-J scores in those patients who completed the test both 8-14 days and 29-35 days after stroke onset. On initial evaluation, 1 of 21 patients could not complete TMT-J Part A. TMT-J Part A scores had a mean of 67 s and were abnormally large in 45% of the 20 patients who completed this part. Two of these 20 patients could not complete TMT-J Part B. TMT-J Part B scores had a mean of 135 s and were abnormally large in 61% of the 18 patients who completed this part. On second evaluation, scores on Part A and Part B improved in 76% and 73% of patients, respectively. This study demonstrated that abnormal TMT-J scores 8-14 days after onset of minor ischemic stroke improved over time in most patients.