Objective To evaluate the imaging characteristics of the bone infarct . Methods 13 cases of the bone infarct proved by clinical manifestation and surgical pathology were collected,there were 5 males and 8 females. All patients had X-ray films, 4 were imagedwith CT scanning , 7 were imaged with MRI , and 2 underwent all three techniques . The bone infarct were classified into the early,themiddle and later stages.X-ray , CT and MRI findings of bone infarct ,were analysed characteristics . Results Partial osteoporosin and punctate calcifications could be seen on X-ray and CT , in the early and middle stages , which presented as iso-/low-signal on T_1WIand iso-/high-signal on T_2WI in the center of the bone infarct with a tortuous low-signal on T_1WI and high-signal on T_2WI zonearound.In the later stages,the bone infarct was characterize by irregular sclerosis and tortuous calcification on X-ray and CT,and by low-signal on both T_1WI and T_2WI . Conclusion MRI is the most effective way to find the bone infarct in the early stages , X-ray is helpful in diagnosing the bone infarct in the middle and later stages , CT is more sensitive than X-ray . X-ray ,CT and MRI should be combined in diagnosing the bone infarct .

Objective: To perform target-controlled infusion (TCI) in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) of propofol and fentanyl. Method: Using effect compartment modeling, computer controlled infusion(the computer software was developed by Coezee and Pina) was performed during induction and maintenance of anesthesia in two groups of adult patients. The target predicted concentration of theoretical effect-site compartment for propofol was 4?g/ml and for fentanyl was 2?g/ml. The plasma concentration (Cm) of propofol was determined by fluorospectrophotometry and Cm of fentanyl was measured with radioimmunoassay. Result: The mean Cm from 0 to 120 min showed that excessive dose of propofol was administered, MDAPE=25%,however the mean Cm of fentanyl was lower than the target level obviously,MDAPE=35.5% in first group. After an imitative calculation,another pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter sets of propofol and fentanyl were selected in the second group,MDAPE=15.5% for propofol and MDAPE=37. 75% for fentanyl. Conclusion: The concentrations of propofol and fentanyl in the effect site compartment can be achieved rapidly by using the effect compartment control algorithm. The PK parameter,described by different authors influences the accuracy of TCI administration.

Objective To investigate the effect of hemodilution with different plasma substitutes on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and interleukin-1 (IL-1 ) in brain tissue after global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods 116 male Wistar rats weighing 230-280 g were randomly divided into 4 groups: group S ( n = 20) sham operation; group Ⅰ ( n = 32) I/R; group H (n = 32) I/R + hemodilution with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HAES, 200/0.5) and group G ( n = 32) I/R + hemodilution with gelatine solution. Group Ⅰ, H and G were further divided into 4 equal subgroups with 8 animals in each subgroup according to the duration of reperfusion: 1, 3, 6, 12 h. Global cerebral ischemia was produced by permanent occlusion of bilateral vertebral arteries and cross-clamping of bilateral common carotid arteries for 10 min. The clamping was then released for reperfusion. Global cerebral ischemia was confirmed by coma, loss of righting reflex, bilateral pupil dilation and loss of pain sensation. In group H and G acute hemodilution was performed at 10 min after the beginning of reperfusion. 1 ml? 100 g-1 of blood was removed from the right femoral artery and equal volume of plasma substitute was infused into left femoral vein simultaneously within 5 min. Hematocrit was checked before and after hemodilution. The animals were decapitated after being reperfused for different periods of time as planned and the brains were immediately removed. MTT bioassay and radioimmunoassay techniques were used to determine the IL-1 activity and TNF-? content of the brain tissue respectively. Results The IL-1 and TNF-? levels of brain tissue at 1, 3, 6, 12 h after reperfusion was started were significantly higher in group Ⅰ, H and G than in group S (P

Objective To investigate the protective effects of isovolemic hemodilution with 6% hetastarch (HAES) and ligustrazine on myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods Thirty-two healthy male rabbits were anesthetized with 3% pentobarbital 30 mg?kg-1 , tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated. Left femoral artery and vein were cannulated for direct BP monitoring, blood collection and fluid infusion. Chest was opened and myocardial ischemia was produced by temporary ligation of the anterior descending branch of left coronary artery. Myocardial ischemia was confirmed by elevation or depression of S-T segment and /or high T-wave. The animals were randomly divided into 4 equal groups with 8 animals in each group: Ⅰ control group was subjected to 45 min myocardial ischemia followed by 180 min reperfusion without any treatment; Ⅱ hemodilution group in which 9 ml Ⅲ kg-1 blood was removed and blood volume was maintained by simultaneous infusion of equal volume of 6% HAES at 20 min after myocardial ischemia was started; Ⅳ ligustrazine group received ligustrazine injectio 20 mg?kg-1 iv 20 min before and 40 min after myocardial ischemia was started; Ⅱ hemodilution + ligustrazine group in which hemodilution was performed as in group Ⅲ and ligustrazine injectio was given iv as in group Ⅲ . BP and HR were recorded before during and at the end of myocardial ischemia, and at 30, 60, 120, 180 min of reperfusion. Hct was measured before and after hemodilution. Blood samples were taken for determination of plasma CPK and LDH activities before ischemia (T0), at the end of 45 min ischemia (T1) and at the end of 180 min reperfusion (T2 ) . At the end of the experiment, myocardial tissue 0.2 g was obtained from ischemic and non-ischemic area for determination of myocardial CPK and LDH activities and election microscopic examination. Results (1) In all four groups plasma CPK and LDH activities were significantly increased after ischemia (T1 ) and were increased further after reperfusion (T2) (P

Objective To develop an embedded system by using time-triggered system and ATmega128.Methods Making use of the minimum system structure of ATmega128,a multitask system,which could be implanted into AVR CPU,was designed based on the singlechip with 8 bits and 51series.Results Time-Triggered Embedded System kept the controlling precision on ms degree and ensured a sensitive and rapid response to keyboard input.Conclusion Software designed by Time-Triggered Embedded System has advantage in real time,so it is applicable to minitype real time control system.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of SPECT/CT on fracture healing.Methods A total of 28 patients (13 males,15 females; average age 45.3 years) with fracture were enrolled.All underwent metal fixation.SPECT/CT scans were performed at least 6 months after the metal fixation.X-ray examination before SPECT/CT showed equivocal fracture healing.The fracture delayed union or nonunion were judged by degree of uptake as well as uptake pattern around fracture site.Final diagnosis was confirmed by surgery or follow-up X-ray film.Results Among 28 patients,15 showed delayed union (confirmed by follow-up),and 13 showed nonunion (confirmed by surgery).There were 13 screws in 6 patients showed abnormal uptake,suggesting screw loose (confirmed by surgery).Conclusions SPECT/CT imaging could be of clinical significance in assessing fracture healing.

Objective To study the imaging characteristics of localized myositis ossificans for improving its diagnosis and differen-tial diagnosis ability.Methods The Clinical and radiographic data of 45 cases with localized myositis ossificans proved by pathology or clinical follow up were analyzed retrospectively,summarize its imaging features.Results Of the 45 cases,1 7 cases occurred in the elbow joint,1 5 in the hip joint,13 in the other parts of the body.X-ray showed lining or lamellar high-density ossification in soft tis-sues in 34 cases,of those 12 cases with “shell”ossification.Compared with the X-ray,CT showed more clear ossification.MRI showed the soft tissue mass with peripheral edema in 18 cases;3 cases obvious ossification,no edema around.SPECT/CT showed abnormal imaging agent concentration in soft tissue within 12 cases,of those 5 cases concentration range greater than the range of ossification,4 cases concentration range less than the range of ossification.Conclusion Localized myositis ossificans have certain im-aging characteristics.Integrated application of a variety of imaging combined with the clinical can fully display the evolution of the disease,and improve its diagnosis rate.

This paper introduces such information of a LCD graphic display system based on SED1335 as its hardware link with the singlechip computer Atmega128 and the design of system display software. With a simple, compact and stable circuit, this system can be applied to portable medical signal monitoring and controlling equipments.

Objective To evaluate the effects of betulinic acid preconditioning on oxidative stress response during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice.Methods Seventy-two male Kunming mice,aged 3 months,weighing 25-35 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),I/R group,and betulinic acid preconditioning group (group BP).Cerebral I/R was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice anesthetized with 10％ chloral hydrate 40 ml/kg.In group BP,betulinic acid 50 mg/kg was administered by intragastric gavage everyday for 7 days before ischemia,while the equal volume of solvent dimethyl sulfoxide was given in S and I/R groups.At 22 h of reperfusion,neurological function was assessed and scored.The mice were then sacrificed and brains were removed for determination of infarct size,expression of NADPH oxidase (Nox1,Nox2 and Nox4) and p22phox mRNA,activity of ROS and apoptosis rate in the infarcted zone.Results Compared with S group,neurological score,cerebral infarct size,activity of ROS and apoptosis rate in the infarcted zone were significantly increased,and the expression of Nox1,Nox2,Nox4 and p22phox mRNA was up-regulated in group I/R.Compared with group I/R,neurological score,cerebral infarct size,activity of ROS and apoptosis rate in the infarcted zone were significantly decreased,and the expression of Nox1,Nox2,Nox4 and p22phox mRNA was down-regulated in group BP.Conclusion Betulinic acid preconditioning mitigates cerebral I/R injury through inhibiting oxidative stress response in mice.

Objective To study the imaging characteristics of osteosarcoma.Methods 35 patients with osteosarcoma proved pathologically were examined by radiography,of them 25 cases were examined with CT scan or MRI,and 8 cases undergone contrast-enhanced MRI.The imaging features of osteosarcoma were analysed comparatively with that of pathology.Results The lesions localized at distal part of femur in 17 cases and proximal part of tibia in 8 cases,that were most location of this tumor.The imaging characteristics of osteosarcoma included bone destruction,neoplastic bone,periosteal reaction and soft-tissue mass,in some cases,epiphyseal plate and epiphysis were involved,even the joint face and the opposite osseous of joint(skip lesions).On enhanced MR scanning,the margin of tumor was enhanced in early and the center of tumor was delayed enhancement.CT could showed "sieve sign"and small neoplastic bone.Conclusion Osteosarcoma has certain imaging characteristics;X-ray examination is the first choice in diagnosing osteosarcoma,CT and MR could provide much more comprehensive imaging information for clinic.