In recent years, the incidence of proximal femur fractures has been increasing with the aging of the population. There has been a growing number of those patients who injure on the other side of the hip at later date. We studied the relationship between proximal femurfractures and knee osteoarthritis, which is one of the diseases preceding fractures.
  We surveyed 234 and 17 patients hospitalized with unilateral and bilateral fractures, respectively at Atsumi Hoapital from April 2008 to March 2011. The research covered sex, age, the cause of injury, the period until they had proximal femur fractures on the other side, bilateral-fracture rate, incidence rates of diseases (cerebrovascular, eye and respiratory), knee osteoarthritis, dementia, diabetes and other forms of fracture.
  As a result, we confirmed the connection between knee osteoarthritis and bilateral fractures. There was every indication that knee osteoarthritis may be a major factor which leads to bilateral fractures. All patients with bilateral fracture injured resulting from falls.
  We believe it is important to take an approach on the treatment of hip fractures and prevention of knee osteoarthritis and falling.

BACKGROUND: In general practice, though patients often stop visiting ambulatory clinics of their own vo-lition despite the need for ongoing medical treatment, there is little reported research on the reasons for nonattendance in Japan. In this study, we investigated whether the patient/doctor relationship influences nonattendance rates in general practice. In addition, we investigated the reasons why patients stopped visiting the hospital.
METHODS: We collected data from 115 patients (58 males, 57 females; age range: 16 to 94 years old, median age: 52 years old) whose initial diagnoses were made in our department from June to July 2000. We classified the patients into five groups based on the level of their complaints concerning the initial consultation (‘A’ representing the highest degree of complaint, ‘E’ representing the lowest) and determined the relationship between the strength of complaints and the non-attendance rate. Furthermore, we investigated the reasons for non-attendance concerning 28 patients who stopped visiting the hospital from April 2000 to November 2001.
RESULTS: The non-attendance rates were 0% (014) for group A, 14.3% (2114) for group B, 5.6% (5189) for group C, 33.3% (216) for group D, and 50% (1/2) for group E. The rate tended to be higher in groups with fewer complaints. The reasons for non-attendance were the following: remission of symptoms (9 patients), request for another hospital or department (6 patients), relief due to consultation at the university hospital (6 patients), and lack of time to come to the particular hospital (5 patients) . In contrast, the most common reason for satisfaction at the time of consultation was ‘enough explanation and listening to complaints well’ in 7 of 11 patients who were satisfied with the consultation.
CONCLUSIONS: The level of patient's complaints at the time of consultation is related to the non-attendance rate. However, sufficient explanation about symptoms and careful listening to complaints are important for establishing a good patient/doctor relationship.

1) We investigated the patients'evaluations of the students, our management of the medical training, and the patients' recognition of our outpatient clinic education. We then requested the patients to give their opinions regarding such interviews.
2) The patients'evaluations of the outpatient clinic and the patients'recognition of our outpatient clinic education were relatively good, but some patients complained about the short duration of medical care and also expressed anxiety over the students'medical interview.
3) Many patients expressed the desire to positively participate in medical education because the patients had high expectations of the medical students.In addition, this interview training fulfilled the patients'desire to be listened to and have their concerns acknowledged.

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of psychogenic stress (PS) frequency on oxidative stress and organ development during growth and to gain fundamental insights into developmental processes during this period. Methods: Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control and three PS groups according to PS frequencies. PS was induced using restraint and water immersion techniques once daily for 3 hr at a time for a period of 4 weeks. Results: Oxidative stress increased with increasing PS frequency. The weights of organs other than the adrenal glands significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency, indicating growth suppression. Furthermore, bone morphology, weight, and length significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency. Conclusions High-frequency PS exposure during developmental growth significantly negatively affects oxidative stress and organ and bone development. In particular, increased oxidative stress due to excessive PS has detrimental effects on organ and bone growth.

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of psychogenic stress (PS) frequency on oxidative stress and organ development during growth and to gain fundamental insights into developmental processes during this period. Methods: Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control and three PS groups according to PS frequencies. PS was induced using restraint and water immersion techniques once daily for 3 hr at a time for a period of 4 weeks. Results: Oxidative stress increased with increasing PS frequency. The weights of organs other than the adrenal glands significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency, indicating growth suppression. Furthermore, bone morphology, weight, and length significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency. Conclusions High-frequency PS exposure during developmental growth significantly negatively affects oxidative stress and organ and bone development. In particular, increased oxidative stress due to excessive PS has detrimental effects on organ and bone growth.

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of psychogenic stress (PS) frequency on oxidative stress and organ development during growth and to gain fundamental insights into developmental processes during this period. Methods: Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control and three PS groups according to PS frequencies. PS was induced using restraint and water immersion techniques once daily for 3 hr at a time for a period of 4 weeks. Results: Oxidative stress increased with increasing PS frequency. The weights of organs other than the adrenal glands significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency, indicating growth suppression. Furthermore, bone morphology, weight, and length significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency. Conclusions High-frequency PS exposure during developmental growth significantly negatively affects oxidative stress and organ and bone development. In particular, increased oxidative stress due to excessive PS has detrimental effects on organ and bone growth.

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of psychogenic stress (PS) frequency on oxidative stress and organ development during growth and to gain fundamental insights into developmental processes during this period. Methods: Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control and three PS groups according to PS frequencies. PS was induced using restraint and water immersion techniques once daily for 3 hr at a time for a period of 4 weeks. Results: Oxidative stress increased with increasing PS frequency. The weights of organs other than the adrenal glands significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency, indicating growth suppression. Furthermore, bone morphology, weight, and length significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency. Conclusions High-frequency PS exposure during developmental growth significantly negatively affects oxidative stress and organ and bone development. In particular, increased oxidative stress due to excessive PS has detrimental effects on organ and bone growth.

Objective: The average glandular dose (AGD) is used to evaluate the radiation dosage in mammography. Dance et al. (2000) presented a computation formula to estimate the AGD based on several coefficient factors, such as compressed breast thickness, breast tissue composition, and half-value layers (HVLs). The objective of this study was to improve the preciseness of AGD estimation.Materials and Methods: We interpolated the coefficients developed by Dance et al. to generate an approximation formulae and reference datasets with higher granularity and breast thickness (2–6 cm) relevant to a Japanese population.Results: The results from this study indicate that the incorporation of HVLs and breast thickness required in mammography densitometry leads to an advancement in the current method for estimating the average glandular dose.Conclusions: We expect that these interpolated values will serve as a reference for other researchers and allow for a more accurate, detailed, and individualized AGD estimation.

Background/Aims: Although certain allergic diseases have been reported to be associated with the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), it is unclear whether the presence of multiple allergic diseases further increases the prevalence of FD and IBS.The aim of this study is to determine this issue in young people. Methods: A cohort of 8923 Japanese university students was enrolled and diagnoses of FD and IBS were confirmed using Rome III criteria.Allergic disorders diagnosed at medical institutions were obtained by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of FD, IBS, and their overlap was found to be 1.9%, 6.5%, and 1.1%, respectively. Pollen allergy was independently positively correlated with FD, IBS, and overlap of FD and IBS. Allergic rhinitis was positively linked to IBS. Drug allergy was positively associated with FD. The presence of multiple allergic diseases was positively correlated with FD and IBS (FD: adjusted OR for 2 allergic diseases: 1.95 [95% CI, 1.24-2.98], P for trend = 0.003; and IBS: adjusted OR for 1 allergic disease: 1.40 [95% CI, 1.15-1.69], 2 allergic diseases 1.47 [95% CI, 1.12-1.91], and 3 or more allergic diseases: 2.22 [95% CI, 1.45-3.28], P for trend = 0.001). Additionally, the concomitant existence of multiple allergic diseases was also demonstrated to have a trend that correlated with the overlap of FD and IBS (P for trend = 0.018). Conclusion Allergic disease multimorbidity is positively correlated with the prevalence of FD and IBS in a young population.

In the treatment of climacteric disorders, evaluation of menopausal women based on personal and overall aspects of their sho condition has been found to be useful. This form of treatment is considered particularly useful for patients who cannot, or do not wish to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In this paper, we present the cases of patients who were assessed using sho and the Kampo medical index, and given successful treatment using kuoketsuzai (drugs for overcoming oketsu) and yokukansankachinpihange.