OBJECTIVE:To observe the long-term toxicity of Kangjun xiaoyan tablets in rats.METHODS:Rats were treated with Kangjun xiaoyan tablets at doses of 30,15,and 7.6 g?kg-1?d-1(150,75 and 38 times of clinic daily dose 0.2 g?kg-1?d-1) for 12 weeks.Parameters including body weight,organ index,the indexes of haematology and biochemistry were obtained,and histopathological examination was performed.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between Kangjun xiaoyan tablets-treated group and normal control group in appearance and behavior,body weight,organ coefficient,the indexes of haematology and biochemistry.No significant pathological changes related to drug toxicity in the pathological examination nor the delayed toxicity reaction was noted.CONCLUSION:Long-term administration of Kangjun xiaoyan tablets exhibited no overt toxicity in rats,suggesting the safety of the clinical intended dosage.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologieal features of serous microcystic adenoma of the pancreas. Methods Clinicopathological analysis, histochemieal and immunohistochemical studies were performed in 12 cases of serous microcystic adenoma of the pancreas with follow-up. Results The patients included 9 females and 3 males who ranged in age from 35 to 70 (mean=51.5). Seven patients were discov-ered by check-up incidentally and 5 for the symptoms as upper abdominal uncomfortable or pain. Tumors varied in size from 2.0 cm to 13 cm in maximal diameter(mean=6.0 cm), and all had a multicystic appear-ance. Histologically, all tumors were composed of numerous microcysts lined by a single layer of cuboidal or flattened cells. The tumor cells contained clear cytoplasm with glycogen and centrally located round nuclei mostly uniform without any atypia. Mitoses were very rare or absent. Histochemically, the tumor cells were positive for PAS and negative for AB-PAS. Immunohistochemieally, the tumor cells revealed diffuse positivi-ty of cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen, whereas CEA, CgA, Syn, CD34, Vimentin, P53 and S-100 protein were negative. Follow-up in 10 patients (range from 12 to 71 months) showed no recurrence of serous cystadenomas. Conclusion Serous microcystic adenoma of the pancreas is an extremely rare tumor. It is often non-symptomatic. Its diagnosis is mainly dependent on its unique morphological immunohistochemical features. It's biology behavior is necessary to study.

Objective To provide a reliable model of orthotopic liver transplantation in rats and study surgical techniques for improving the quality of the operation. Methods The model was established by modified Kamada’s cuff technique. The time of cold preservation was 60 min. The successful rate of the method and one-week survival rate were observed. Results In 135 cases undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation, one-week survival rate was 89.2% . The successful rate of the model was 95.6% . Conclusions The key for success in rat liver transplantation is the shortened anhepatic period and delicate and skillful surgical manipulation. Also some detailed modified techniques should be used.

OBJECTIVE:To ensure children's medication safety and to promote rational drug use.METHODS:33001ou_ t-patient transfusion prescriptions of12days in2004in our hospital were randomly sampled,in which,the irrational pre?scriptions were classified and analyzed statistically based on clinical pharmacological knowledge and literatures.RESULT:Of the total prescriptions investigated,60.56%of which were about the combined use of drugs;1354(4.10%of the total)involved irrational drug use like repeat drug application,improper combination of drugs,and improper application.CONCLUSION:To reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions,clinicians should be provided with timely feedbacks on medication information.

Objective To identify the necessity to carry out optimization procedure in routine digital radiography (DR) by evaluating changes of patient radiation dose and image waste ratio before and after optimization.Methods Two hundred patients with near-standard body build were enrolled in the study.Half of them undertook routine examination,and the others undertook the examination with bestlyoptimized protocol.The dose-area product (DAP) and entrance surface dose (ESD) were recorded.The image waste ratios in 2 groups were calculated and the reasons for image waste were analyzed.The radiation dose and image waste ratio before and after optimization were compared.Results The ESD,DAP and image waste ratio in bestly-optimized radiography were significantly lower than those in non-optimized radiography (z =9.31,16.22,P＜0.05; x2 =36.5,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Using the bestlyoptimized digital radiography,the patient radiation dose and image waste ratio are effectively reduced.

Objective To investigate the application value of real clinical case centered situation simulation examination model in clinical medicine. Methods Two classes were randomly selected from 2008 grade clinical medicine majors, respectively as test group(n=158) and control group(n=156). Final examination of test group includes usual performance, case-oriented situation simulation examination (COSSE) and final written examination. Traditional methods were used in control group. The same paper was used in final written examination of the two groups. Scores of written examination and question-naires were used to evaluate the COSSE model. Data were processed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software;t and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data;P<0.05 signifies that the difference is statistically sig-nificant. Results Scores of final examination in test group were higher than those in control group(P<0.001). Times of independent completion of history taking, physical examinations and medical record writing were more in test group than in control group(P=0.002,0.017,0.048). Conclusions Contents and methods of COSSE is conducive to improving student's professional comprehensive ability.

A comparative study on the cellular survival of grafts and the behavior improvement in the rats was performed following tissue transplantation of either fresh or freezing-stored adrenal medulla. The fresh or freezing-stored adrenal medullary tissues were transplanted into the head of caudate nucleus in the animal models with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra. Experimental groups got some improvement after operation in rotation behavior induced by apomorphine, and the differences were significant between experimental and control groups. Among the transplanted rats, those received fresh tissue seemed to show more improvement than those received freezing-stored tissue, but the statistical difference was not significant. With regard to fluorescent intensity of the adrenal cells, it showed to be stronger in the experimental group received fresh graft than the group received freezing-stored graft, but the difference was no statistically significant either. No essential difference could be found between experimental groups as to the cellular apperance and staining features in the grafts.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131 I-MIBG) in treatment of malignant pheochromocytoma/malignant paraganglioma (MPHEO/MPGL).Methods The clinical data of 96 cases of MPHEO/MPGL (60/36) treated with 131I-MIBG between December 1998 and April 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.Among them,the malignant pheochromocytoma was found in 60 cases and malignant paraganglioma was found in 36 cases.Seventy-eight patients (81.2％)presented initially with hypertension,whereas 18 patients (18.8％) presented adrenal incidentaloma.Before 131I-MIBG treatment,24 h urinary norepinephrine was (409.5± 127.2) nmol,24 h urinary dopamine was (99.3±41.1) nmol,24 h urine adrenaline was (1 409.9±336.0) nmol.Before treatment,the compound iodine solution was given to each one.Then,all patients were given an initial course of 131I-MIBG therapy (5.55,7.40 GBq).Subsequent 131I-MIBG treatment (5.55,7.40 GBq) was undertaken every three to six months.The patients got symptomatic,hormonal or radiological response underwent sbsequent 131I-MIBG therapy (3.70,5.55 GBq) every year.All patients underwent clinical symptoms (headache,palpitate,sweating,hypertension),biochemical (24 h urine catecholamin) and radiological evaluation (CT/MRI) within 6 months to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 131I-MIBG treatment.Results After one to eleven sessions of 131 I-MIBG treatment,in total,266 doses of 131 I-MIBG were administered,average dose was 6.49 GBq.22.9％ of patients demonstrated radiological partial response (≥ 50％ reduction in tumor size) after first or repeated 131 I-MIBG treatment.Eleven cases (11.5％) achieved clinical complete response,41 cases (42.7％) achieved clinical partial response and 23 cases (24.0％) maintained the stable clinic symptoms.After treatment,24 h urinary norepinephrine (164.3±71.6) nmol and dopamine (49.7±24.7) nmol showed significantly decline,compared with those before treatment (P＜ 0.05).While,24 h urinary epinephrine (1 354.7±433.4) nmol had no obvious change (P＞0.05).No life-threatening adverse events were reported,but 2 MPGL patients developed transient leucopenia or thrombocytopenia after four and five times 131 I-MIBG treatment,respectively.Conclusions Treatment with repeated low dose 131I-MIBG is well tolerated and effective in controlling the progression and alleviating the clinical symptoms.The 131I-MIBG therapy is an effective and safe treatment modality for MPHEO/MPGL.

Objective To recheck the reliability of methotrexate ( MTX) serum concentration at 48 h ( C48 h ) in predicting the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxic reactions at terminal elimination phase after high dose MTX infusion and to provide a reference for determination of rational rescue regimen in clinic practice. Methods In total,114 cases of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) received 176 courses of high dose MTX chemotherapy treatment. The regimen was continuous infusion of MTX[3 -5 g·( m2 ) -1 ] in 24 h. Plasma samples were treated with solid phase extraction and serum concentrations of MTX were determined by HPLC at 24,48 and 72 h (C24 h ,C48 h and C72 h ) after starting MTX infusion. All data were divided into C48 h≥1 μmol·L-1 group and C48 h<1 μmol·L-1 group. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the two groups at elimination phase were estimated by residual method and the toxic reactions after MTX infusion of two groups were compared by Ridit analysis. Results The C72 h and AUC48-∞ were significantly higher in C48 h ≥1 μmol · L-1 group than in C48 h <1 μmol·L-1 group (P<0. 01). The MTX toxicities to the blood,digestive and hepatic systems were significantly higher in C48 h≥1 μmol·L-1 group than in C48 h < 1 μmol · L-1 group ( P < 0. 05). Conclusion C48 h can predict the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxic reactions at ther terminal elimination phase. Therefore,C48 h≥1 μmol·L-1 can be used as a marker of MTX elimination delay event to guide later rescue regimen.

Objective To investigate the effects ofBushen Gujing Recipe in treating early diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods Sixty patients of early DN with Yin-Yang deficiency syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine treatment, and the treatment group was treated withBushen Gujing Recipe combined with the conventional therapy. The treatment course was three months. The clinical efficacy, integral of TCM syndrome, and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) of the two groups were compared.Results After the treatment, the integral of TCM symdrome of the treatment group was lower than control group, showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The total effective rates of clinical efficacy were 81.48% (22/27) in treatment group, and 64.00% (16/25) in control group. The therapeutic effect of treatment group was better than control group (P<0.05). UAER showed a statistically significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Based on the western medicine treatment,Bushen Gujing Recipe can improve the symptoms of patients, alleviate the injury of kidney, and has good efficacy on DN.