[Objective]To obtain the normal linear parameters of different resection levels of normal proximal tibia in Chinese people, and discuss the influence of the gender and resection level on the design of the tibia prosthesis. [Methods]Thirty-six normal Chinese people (36 left knees, 18 males and 18 females), with an average age of 43 years (range 18～55 years) were enrolled in this study.Original CT image data were used to set up three-dimensional model of Chinese normal knees.The related linear parameters of different proximal tibia sections were measured and compared.[Results]Parameters of mediolateral (ML) ,medial and latera anteroposteriordimensions(MAP/ LAP) and the aspect ratio(AP/ML) of the resect proximal tibia surface were obtained. The parameters were confirmed by statistics analysis.[Conclusion]The geometry and anatomy of the knee in Chinese people have significant differences from the western people.The prosthesis designed by western people should be choosen carefully.Sex and resection levels should be taken into account in designing tibia prosthesis and or choosing the imported prosthesis in the total knee arthroplasty.

Objective To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at codons 16 and 27 of β2-AR gene in pancreatic carcinoma and non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues,and the correlations between these SNPs and the expression of β2-AR protein in pancreatic carcinoma.Methods A total of 64 cases of pancreatic carcinoma (PC) and 20 non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues (NPC) were genotyped at codons 16 and 27 by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing.The correlations between the distribution of genotypes and clinicopathological characteristics of pancreatic carcinoma were analyzed.The expression of β2-AR protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in pancreatic carcinoma.Results The distributions of genotype frequency at codons 16 and 27 in PC and NPC were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinbery equeilibrium.The frequencies of their genotypes (AA,AG and GG) and frequencies of alleles A and G at codon 16 between PC and NPC showed no difference.The genotype frequencies were associated with TNM grade,lymph node metastasis,one-year survival rate (P=0.03,0.05,0.04),but they were not associated with patients' gender,age,histological differentiation and size of tumor.The allele G at codon 16 was frequently appeared in tumors with high TNM grade,lymph node metastasis,low one-year survival rate (P＝ 0.01,0.03,0.02),and high expressions of β2-AR protein (P =0.02).The frequencies of two genotypes (CC and CG) and frequencies of alleles C and G at codon 27 showed no difference between PC and NPC.The genotype frequencies and allele frequencies of codon 27 were not associated with patients' clinicopathological features,and expressions of β2-AR protein.Conclusions SNPs of β2-AR gene were associated with biological behaviors of pancreatic carcinoma.Allele G at codon 16 was associated with high risks of lymph node metastasis,high TNM grade,low one-year survival rate,and high expressions of β2-AR protein.Allele G at codon 16 might facilitate the progression and metastasis of pancreatic carcinoma through elevating the expression of β2-AR.SNPs at codon 16 of β2-AR are new useful biomarkers for predicting biological behaviors and survival of pancreatic carcinoma and might be used as a new gene therapeutic target.

Objective To study the pathological,ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of kidney oncocytoma (RO). Methods The clinical and histological features of 13 patients (5 men and 8 women;mean age,58 years,age 44 -78 years) with RO were observed.Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin-embedded tissues with a panel of antibodies including vimentin,EMA,ckpan,CK7,CK18,E-cadherin,CD10,RCC,CD117,34βE12,HMB45,s-100 and Ki-67.Of the 13 cases,10were found incidentally during a health examination while the other three cases presented with lumbago and discomfort of the lumber.Four cases were analyzed by electron microscopy.Eleven were treated with radical nephrectomy and 2 with partial nephrectomy. Results Histologically,the tumor cells were mainly arranged in closely packed nests,aciniform or tubule with an occasional microcystic pattern in loose edematous hypocellular fibrous stroma.Tumor cells had moderate to abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm with a small,round and uniform nucleus containing finely and evenly dispersed chromati.However,focal nuclear atypia were observed with no mitotic activity.Immunohistochemically,all cases were diffusely positive for CK18 and showed variable immunoreactivity for E-cadherin,CD117,CD10 and CK7.Twelve cases were positive for EMA. All cases were negative for vimentin,34βE12,HMB45 and s-100.The proliferative index (Ki-67) was very low in all cases,with less than 1％ of the nuclei labeled.Electronic microscopy showed the cytoplasm had abundant mitochondria with lamellar cristae.Follow-up on 10 patients ( range from 2 to 67months) showed no recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions Tumor cells arranged in nests with loose hypocellu]ar and edematous stroma is the most important histological feature of RO.The immunohistochemical features could be helpful for both diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To develop rat models of graft cholangiopathies and evaluated their values.Methods Four groups were constructed.The long-term cold preservation group(n=24) contained homogeneic inbred rat liver orthotopic transplantations (ROLT) performed in a rat combination of ♂ Wistar→ ♂ Wistar with the donor liver preserved in 4℃ UW for 12 h,the vessels reconstructed by the two-cuff method,and the hepatic artery and extrahepatic bile duct rebuilt by a stent.The chronic rejection group (n=24)(CsA 1 mg · kg-1 · d-1,cold preserved for 1 h) was allogeneic inbred ♂ DA→♂ Lewis rats induced for ROLT,and the revascularization methods were the same as the longterm cold preservation group.The control group (n=24) (cold preserved for 1 h) was homogeneic inbred ♂ Wistar→♂ Wistar rats with ROLT techniques the same as above.The sham group (n=24)was ♂ Wistar rats that had an exploratory laparotomy.The animals were followed for 16 weeks,complications were compared,and liver tissues were harvested.Histopathological and morphometric techniques were used to construct a time course of histological changes after liver transplantation.Results In both the long-term cold preservation group and chronic rejection group,the rats recovered slowly,the incidence of complications and mortality were higher than those of other groups,and the intrahepatic bile duct proliferation and immune cell infiltration were noticeable after the operation.In 16 weeks,the hepatic lobules were separated by the proliferating bile ducts,the normal structure of hepatic lobules disappeared,many biliary epithelial cells necrosed with disappearing cytoplasms,and there was immune cell infiltration and obliterative arteriopathy.Conclusions The rat models of graft cholangiopathies induced by long-term cold preservation or chronic rejection donor livers are stable and easily standardized.This model is ideal for studying the pathogenesis and prevention of graft cholangiopathies.

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is an important group of enzymes in DNA repair pathways, especially the base excision repair (BER) for DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) repair. Inhibition of PARP in DNA repair-defective tumors (like those with BRAC1/2 mutations) can lead to cell death and genomic instability, what is so called "synthetic lethality". Currently, PARP inhibitors combined with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of BRCA-1/2 deficient cancers are in the clinical development. In this review, we will be focused on the development of combination application of PARP inhibitors with other anticancer agents in clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stability of 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution. METHODS: Classic constant temperature accelerated test method and sample observation method were applied with the content of glutaraldehyde as index. The content of glutaraldehyde was determined by titration which was determined by titration. RESULTS: The content change of 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution was in line with the first order kinetics, and the results of both methods were similar. The validity duration of 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution was 85.7 days at room temperature (25 ℃). CONCLUSION: 0.5% glutaraldehyde solution should be used up as soon as possible and the perfect time is less than 2 week.

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)on peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in vitro and their potential mechanism.Methods MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of 3 healthy human volunteers,cultivated and identified.Under phytohemagglutinin(PHA)stimulating,peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 8 patients with SLE were treated with MSCs with the T lymphocyte/MSC ratio being 50:1 in group B and 5:1 in group C or without MSCs(group A).MTT assay was used to detect the proliferation of T lymphocytes.flow cytometry to analyze the expressions of surface markers CD152 and CD28 on T lymphocytes.and real time PCR to measure the mRNA expressions of interleukin-6 and interferon-γ,in the T lymphocytes.Results MSCs could markedly inhibit the proliferation of T lymphocytcs.The proliferation of T lymphocytes expressed as absorbance value at 570 nm was 0.484±0.032 in group B.0.308±0.025 in group C,significantly lower than that in group A(0.765±0.036,both P＜0.05),and significant difference was also observed between group C and B(P＜0.05).In the case of the percentage of CD28 positive T lymphocytes.group B and C were significantly lower than group A(60.39%±3.92%and 45.05%±3.46%vs 74.73%±3.74%,both P＜0.05),and group B significantly differed from group C(P＜0.05).MSCs had no obvious effect on the expression of CD152 on T lymphocytes,but significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and interferon-γ(both P＜0.05).and the suppressive effect was enhanced with the incrgase in MSC count.ConclusionsMSCs exert an immunosuppressive effect on T lymphocytes from patients with SLE,likely through inhibiting the proliferation,CD28 expression,interleukin-6 and interferon-γ mRNA expression of T lymphocytes.

Objective Conventional examination for vision function adopts subjective psychophysics methods.Pattern visual evoked potential (P-VEP) binocular summation response is a new objective way for the test of vision function.But its clinical value in evaluating vision function of amblyopia children is still in controversy.This study was to explore the binocular vision and the feature of P-VEP binocular summation in children with amblyopia and evaluate the significance of P-VEP binocular summation in binocular vision.MethodsThis is a case-controlled study.P-VEP binocular summation response and single ocular P-VEP response was respectively recorded in 151 hyperopia amblyopia children and 80 age- and gender-matched normal children.P-VEP response from children with hyperopia amblyopia was recorded under the corrected vision.The hyperopia amblyopia was diagnosed based on the standard of National Children Amblyopia and Strabismus Prevention and Treatment Working Group.The feature of P-VEP binocular summation was further analyzed and compared with monocular VEP response.Informed consent was obtained from each subject or custodian prior to the trail.ResultsNo significant difference was found in latency between P-VEP binocular summation response and monocular P-VEP response whether amblyopia children or normal children(P＞0.05).Binocular response/monocular response value in amblyopia children was lower than that in normal children(P＜0.05).Binocular response/monocular response value in mild or moderate amblyopia children was higher than that in severe amblyopia children(P＜0.05).Binocular response/monocular response value was significantly reduced in the children with binocular vision than in the children without binocular vision (P＜0.05).ConclusionP-VEP binocular vision,acting as an evaluation factor,could impartially reflect the function of binocular vision of amblyopia children.

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the peripheral T-lymphocytes of lupus nephritis in vitro. Methods MSCs were isolated and expanded from human bone marrow cells. The purity of MSCs was identified by flow cytometry (FCM). The MSCs (4×104, 1×104, 2×103) were added into wells containing peripheral blood lymphocytes (2×105) from lupus nephritis in the presence of phytohemagglutinin [PHA). Samples were divided into the following groups: group A:T-lymphocytes alone; group B: MSCsl with T-lymphocytes(MSCsl:T=1:5); group C: MSCs2 with T-lymphocytes (MSCs2:T=1:20); group D: MSCs3 with T-lymphocytes (MSCs3:T=1:100). The proliferation of T-lymphocytes was assessed by MTT. FCM was used to analyze the apoptosis of T-lymphocytes and surface markers of CD28 and CD152. The gene expression of interferon γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Results In vitro, with the presence of MSCs, peripheral blood T-lymphocytes from lupus nephritis were statistically significantly decr-eased in their proliferative activities , apoptosis and CD28 expression in a dose-dependent manner. No inhibitory effects on CD152 expression of T-lymphocytes had been observed . MSCs promoted the gene expression of TGF-β1 and inhibited the gene expression of IL-10, IFN-γ. Conclusion MSCs can inhibit the proliferative activities, apoptosis and CD28 expression of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of lupus nephritis, increase gene expression of TGF-β1 and lower the gene expression of IL-10, IFN-γ, which may play an important role in it's immunosuppressive effects on lupus nephritis.

Objective To study the maintenance of BJ-6B accelerator. Methods Analyzed retrospectively the maintenance record of BJ-6B accelerator, including phenomena, causes and handle from 2002 to 2009. Results In 231 records, there were motion-controlling 64, hand-controlling-pendant 20.modulator 41, anti-peak overload 36, charging overload 5. Flatness 7, mechanical 21, digital-display 20,others lie in magnetron power, water-cooling system, light-indicator system, dose-monitor system and wedge system. Motion-controlling system is the highest among those, followed by high-voltage modulator and mechanical system. Conclusions The down time for BJ-6B accelerator is low because of its perfect technology. To keep its stability in clinic, the hospital authorities should emphasize training of engineer for improving their maintenance ability. The engineer must be familiar with the circuit diagram, check the electric wire and machine unit on time and prepare unit for maintenance. The temperature and humidity in machine house must be controlled on demand. The engineer must pay attention to machine parameters when beam is on for avoiding the spark's damage to magnetron and accelerating-tube