Objective To analyze the efficacy of a second dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in children aged 6 to 7 years in Xicheng District, Beijing, China in 2016.Methods Serum samples were collected in duplicate from 41 children aged 6 to 7 years before and one month after immunization with a second dose of MMR vaccine.ELISA was performed to detect IgG antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps in serum samples.Results The positive rates of antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps in the 41 children before immunization with a second dose of MMR vaccine were 95.12%, 90.24% and 92.68% and the antibody titers were (825.88±499.91), (53.83±32.48) and (697.83±535.82) IU/ml, respectively.The positive rates of the three antibodies were 100%, 97.56% and 100% after revaccination with MMR vaccine and the antibody titers were (1 102.98±356.77), (95.08±26.88) and (3 383.85±1 903.06) IU/ml.Titers of antibodies against measles, rubella and mumps increased significantly following revaccination (P<0.05), while no significant difference in the positive rates of the antibodies was observed before and after revaccination (P>0.05).Conclusion The second dose immunization of MMR vaccine achieves a high successful rate in children in Xicheng District of Beijing.It would be an effective immunization strategy to protect children from measles, rubella and mumps.

As there is justification showing that Poiseuille's Law is not suited for vertical Capillary tube viscometer, Poiseuille's Law has not been used to deduce the calculation formula for measuring liquid viscosity by means of vertical Capillary tube viscometer; it can only be used to deduce the calculation formula for measuring liquid viscosity by horizontal capillary tube viscometer. In this article, we explained the extension of Poiseuille's Law to deduce the Calculation formula for measuring liquid viscosity by using shallow pool and deep pool Capillar tube viscometer, and so corrected the mistakes in using Poiseuille's Law for a long time.
Blood Viscosity ; Hematologic Tests ; instrumentation ; Hemorheology ; Humans

Objective To study the distribution of surfactant protein A2 (SP-A2) haplotype and its association with preterm respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) susceptibility in a local Chinese cohort.Methods Using population base and case-control study cohorts,genotyping for four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was performed,rs1059046,rs17886395,rs1965707,rs1965708,in 80 term infants,50 preterm infants with RDS (RDS group) and 50 preterm infants without RDS(control group) by using TaqMan (R) real-time polymerase chain reaction.Infants in RDS group and control group were matched according to gender and gestational age.Frequency of each haplotype was compared between preterm infants with RDS and without RDS,term infants and preterm infants without RDS.Results Most common haplotypes in term infants were 1A0,1A5,1A1.In each preterm infants groups with RDS and without RDS,1A0,1 A5,1 A1 were also the most common haplotypes.Among these three common haplotypes,frequency of 1A0 was lower in preterm infants,including RDS group and control group,than that in term infants.No significant difference was found between preterm groups with RDS and without RDS (P ＞ 0.05),neither in preterm infants with gestational age ≥32 or ＜ 32 weeks.Haplotype 1A0 frequency(0.542) in term infants was significantly higher than that in preterm infants ＜ 32 weeks without RDS (0.329) (x2 =6.06,P =0.01).Conclusions SP-A2 haplotype distribution in a local Chinese population shows ethnic characteristics to some extent.Only SP-A2 does not contribute to the susceptibility for preterm RDS.

Objective To investigate ABCA3 gene polymorphism and its relationship with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China by genotyping and haplotype analysis.Methods Using a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism (tSNP) strategy and TaqMan (r) real-time PCR,we genotyped 4 tSNPs (rs4787273,rs 1 50929,rs 11867129,and rs 17135889) and one additional coding SNP(rs13332514) of the ABCA3 gene in preterm infants with NRDS(NRDS group,n =45) and without NRDS (non-NRDS group,n =45) and subsequently predicted the haplotypes.The minor allele frequency and the haplotype 'distribution were compared between the two groups.Results The minor allele A(0.14 vs.0.05,P =0.046) and genotype AG (0.289 vs.0.111,P =0.035) frequency of SNP rs17135889 in NRDS group were significantly higher than those in non-NRDS group.Totally 6 haplotypes occurred at a frequency ≥0.01,among which,the haplotype TGGAG,depended on rs17135889,was significantly higher in NRDS group than that in non-NRDS group (0.061 vs.0.000,P =0.014).Conclusion The results suggested that SNP rs17135889 of ABCA3 gene might be related to NRDS in preterm population of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Allele A contributes to NRDS susceptibility in preterm infants.

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status in the key populations before and after the adjustment of salt iodine content in Yantai of Shandong.Methods In 2010 (the pre-adjustment period) and 2014,2015 (the post-adjustment period),the changes in the residents' iodized salt,the goiter prevalence and urinary iodine of children aged 8-10,the urinary iodine of pregnant women,and the iodine content of drinking water before and after the adjustment were analyzed.Results The coverage rate of iodized salt and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt were 98.27％ and 97.28％,respectively before the adjustment of salt iodine content,and 97.44％ and 96.14％ after the adjustment.The mean of salt iodine after the adjustment (21.96 mg/kg) was significantly lower than that of 2010 (31.45 mg/kg,t =66.29,P ＜ 0.05).The goiter prevalence of children aged 8-10 by thyroid palpation was 0.92％ in 2010,while it was 1.89％ by ultrasonic in 2014,2015.There was significant difference in the iodine nutritional status of children in 2010 (191.0 μg/L) and in 2014,2015 (173.0 μg/L,Z =3.56,P ＜ 0.05).The difference of iodine nutritional status in pregnant women between pre-adjustment (154.0 μg/L) and post-adjustment (130.4 μg/L) was also significant (Z =5.54,P ＜ 0.05).The median of water iodine was 5.4 μg/L after the adjustment.There were 52 towns with medians of water iodine below 10 μg/L.Conclusions The coverage rate of iodized salt and the edible rate of qualified iodized salt have all met the national standard before and after the adjustment of salt iodine content.The mean of salt iodine during 2014,2015 is significantly lower than that of 2010.Before and after the adjustment,the goiter rates of children aged 8-10 are all below 5％.The adjustment of salt iodine content is more suitable to children aged 8-10 than to pregnant women currently.It is suggested that pregnant women eat more foods rich in iodine.

OBJECTIVETo find an inhibitor to reduce the volatilization of formalin.

METHODThe saturated solution of sodium hydrosulphite (SHS) was sprayed on the surface of the anatomy specimens, then the concentration of formaldehyde in the air was tested.

RESULTSThe concentration of formaldehyde in the air of SHS sprayed group [(3.10 +/- 1.22) mg/m3] was significantly lower than that of the control group [(8.36 +/- 4.11) mg/m3, P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONSHS may be a volatilization inhibitor for formalin, which could reduce the concentration of formaldehyde in the air.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Scrophularia ningpoensis granules combined with fosinopril in treatment of congestive heart failure.Methods 60 congestive heart failure patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, 30 patients in the treatment group and 30 patients in the control group.Besides the conventional therapy, the control group was treated with fosinopril and the treatment group received Scrophularia ningpoensis granules plus fosinopril for 90 days.Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and serum B-type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured before and after treatment.Results The total effective rate in the treatment group and the control group were 90%, but significantly effective number in the treatment group was higher than the control group.The levels of BNP, LVEDD and LVESD in both groups were decreased, while LVEF was increased after the treatment.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The degree of improvement of heart function in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion The combination therapy of Scrophularia ningpoensis granules and fosinopril is efficacious in treating CHF.

Objective To establish a high-throughput in-vitro screening cell model for anti-atherosclerosis leading compounds.Methods Hypoxia response element (HRE) was cloned into a luciferase reporter vector, pGL3-Enhancer, to construct pGL3-HIF-1α-HRE.The THP-1human monocyte cell line was infected with the pGL3-HIF-1α-HRE and a stable cell line, THP-1-HIF-1α-HRE, was screened.Results Real-time PCR assay showed that HIF-1αexpression and luciferase activity in THP-1-HIF-1α-HRE cells was effectively upregulated by hypoxia.The increase of HIF-1αexpression and luciferase activity induced by hypoxia was significantly inhibited by lovastatin or curcumin.Conclusion THP1-HIF-1α-HRE, an in-vitro cell model for high-throughput screening lead compounds for anti-atherosclerosis (AS) was successfully established.

ObjectiveTo unify the definitions of colonoscopic characteristics of Crohn disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis ( ITB),and to evaluate colonoscopic and clinical features in the differential diagnosis of CD and ITB.MethodsA collaborative group composed of 10 experts from 5 hospitals voted to identify and confirm the colonoscopic characteristics.Clinical and colonoscopic characteristics were analyzed,thereafter,characteristics were scored based on different diagnostic specificity.ROC curve was used for determining the cutoff point to differentiate CD from ITB.ResultsFirstly,standard endoscopic images and descriptions were determined.Secondly,colonoscopic parameters which were significantly different between the CD and ITB patients included the follows:involvement of more than four intestinal segments,anorectal involvement,longitudinal ulcers,cobblestone appearance and transverse ulcers.Clinical findings which were significantly different between the CD and ITB patients included active pulmonary tuberculosis,PPD-test strong positive,anal fistula/perianal abscess and extra-intestinal manifestations in CD.4.4％(6/136) patients were confirmed by histological evidence of caseating granulomas.By using our scoring system,39.7％ (54/136) confirmed diagnoses and 18.4％ (25/136) suspected diagnoses were made in patients without histological evidence.ConclusionIdentification of colonoscopic characteristics and unification of the colonscopic diagnostic criteria were helpful in the differential diagnosis between CD and ITB.The differential diagnosis rate could he improved by using the scoring system.Half cases could not be confirmed even with combined pathology and the scoring system,so a more comprhensive scoring system would be warranted.

Objective:To observe the effects of Zhulian stimulant type Ⅰ acupuncture on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB and tissue homogenate cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) in rats with diabetic bladder (DCP); To explore the mechanism of Zhulian stimulant type Ⅰacupuncture on DCP.Methods:Totally 50 SD rats were divided into control group, model group, Western medicine group, ordinary acupuncture group, Zhulian stimulant type Ⅰ acupuncture treatment group (acupuncture treatment group) according to random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. DCP rat model was prepared by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), except for the control group. The Western medicine group was given mecobalamine for gavage; acupoints of "Zhongji", "Sanyinjiao", "Liechou" and "Taichong" were selected. The ordinary acupuncture group was treated with ordinary acupuncture technique, and the acupuncture treatment group was treated with Zhulian stimulant type Ⅰ acupuncture, 1 time/d, 30 minutes/time. Samples were taken after 4 weeks of treatment. The maximum bladder volume, residual urine volume and wet weight of the bladder were detected. The morphology of rat bladder was observed by HE staining. The expression level of BDNF was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of cAMP was detected by Western blot. The level of TrkB was determined by ELISA. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expressions of BDNF and cAMP.Results:Compared with model group, maximum bladder volume, residual urine volume and wet weight of bladder in Western medicine group, ordinary acupuncture group and acupuncture treatment group decreased ( P<0.01), and those in Western medicine group and acupuncture treatment group were lower than those in ordinary acupuncture group ( P<0.01). The expressions of BDNF mRNA and protein, cAMP mRNA and protein in Western medicine group, ordinary acupuncture group and acupuncture treatment group increased ( P<0.05), and the level of TrkB increased, and the Western medicine group and acupuncture treatment group were higher than that in ordinary acupuncture group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Zhuliping stimulant type Ⅰ acupuncture has a protective effect on the bladder function of diabetic rats. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of BDNF and mRNA, TrkB, cAMP and mRNA expressions.