A method for removing the bands of interferential component from mixture infrared spectra during the measurement was presented. A synthetic background with the thickness of the interferential component adjustable) and controllable was produced by scanning two different background samples in sequence. The absorption) intensity of the synthetic background spectrum varies with the scanning number during the measurement. Therefore, when the infrared absorption of the interferential component in the background sample becomes) equal to that in the mixture sample, the effect of interferential component can be deducted. This method was applied to stearic acid and 2-octadecyl-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (C_(18))TCNQ) mixture system. The results showed that the absorption peaks of stearic acid or C_(18))TCNQ can be removed completely from the final resulted infrared spectrum.

Objective ToobservetheeffectsofNaokangⅡ,atraditionalChinesemedicineon spatial learning and memory abilities and hippocampal neurogenesis in rats with cerebral ischemia. Methods Atotalof54SDratsweredividedinto6groupsaccordingtothedigitalrandommethod:a control,a sham operation,a model,a low-dose,a medium-dose,and a high-dose NaokangⅡ group (the low-,medium-,and high-dose groups were 5,10,and 20 times of adults (n=9 in each group). A rat model was induced by ligate the bilateral common carotid arteries permanently. The bilateral common carotid arteries were only isolated but not ligated in rats of the sham operation group. The rats in the control group were not given any treatment. After modeling,the rats in the treatment groups were treated with NaokangⅡ. The rats in the control,sham operation,and model groups were given equal volume of isotonic saline (2 ml). Morris water maze test and space search experiment were used to evaluate the learning and memory abilities in rats 9 weeks after modeling. Immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical methods were used to observe proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy related protein Beclin-1 and LC-3Ⅱ. Results (1 )The escape latencies of the model group from 1 to 5 days were 100 ± 13,98 ± 13,82 ± 14,72 ± 15,and 46 ± 7 s,respectively. They were significantly longer than those of the sham operation group and the control group (all P<0. 05). The search distances were 1239 ± 127,1011 ± 122,959 ± 123,553 ± 66,and 407 ± 29 cm,respectively. They were significantly increased as compared with those of the sham operation group and control group (all P<0. 01). Both the escape latencies and search distances of the rats in the Naokang Ⅱ low-,medium-,and high-dose groups were significantly shorter than those of the model group (P<0. 05). The escape latencies on the fifth day were 20 ± 6,19 ± 8,and 15 ± 6 s,respectively,and the search distances were 234 ± 38, 297 ± 23,and 99 ± 22 cm,respectively. Nine weeks after modeling,the quadrant search time on the original platform in the rats of the model group was 30 ± 9 s,it was significantly shorter than that of the sham operation group (P<0. 01). The quadrant search time on the original platform of the Naokang Ⅱ low-, medium-,and high-dose groups were 34 ± 6,38 ± 8,and 40 ± 10 s,respectively. They were significantly longer than those of the model group (P <0. 01). (2)Nine weeks after modeling,the results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that the number of BrdU-positive cells and the Nestin positive cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus of the model group were higher than those of the control group and the sham operation group (P<0. 05). The number of BrdU-positive cells and Nestin positive cells of Naokang Ⅱ each dose group were significantly higher than those of the model group (P<0. 05). The expression of LC-3Ⅱand Beclin-1 in the model group was significantly higher than those in the control and sham operation groups (P<0. 01). The expression of LC-3Ⅱ in the medium- and high-dose groups was 143 ± 9 and 129 ± 9 respectively,and the expression of Beclin-1 was 139 ± 10 and 124 ± 7 respectively, andtheyweresignificantlylowerthanthemodelgroup(P<0.01).Conclusion NaokangⅡcanimprove the cognitive function in rats with cerebral ischemia,promote neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus,and inhibit autophagic cell death.

Objective To establish rat models with Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease(SAD) induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin(ic-STZ),and observe the effects of compound Jinsiwei(GETO) on learning and memorizing ability of rats.Methods To establish the Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease model by intracerebroventricular micro-injection of STZ bilaterally.GETO groups were treated with gastric perfusion of GETO in three different dosage for 3 months.Learning and memorizing ability of the rats were inspected through Morris water maze test.The effects of GETO and Donepezil were observed and compared.Results In place navigation test,the escape latency and swimming distance were significantly longer in the model group than that in the sham group(P

Objective To explore the combined effects of subchronic exposure of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzo [a] pyrene (B[a]P) on spermatogenesis in male rats. Methods A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4-5 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated respectively as follows, corn oil, 1 mg/kg of B[a]P, 50 mg/kg of DBP, 1 mg/kg of B[a]P+50 mg/kg of DBP , the gavage was used every other day, for 90 days. The rats were sacrificed and the testes, epididymis, livers and other visceral organs were collected, and the organ coefficients were calculated. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect changes of cell cycle. The testes were prepared for histological examination, and cauda epididymides were isolated for the determination of progressive motility and density of stored spermatozoa. The blood samples were collected to assess the effect of B[a]P and DBP on plasma testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations with chemiluminescence immumo-assay. Results The percentage of progressively motile stored spermatozoa and stored sperm density were not changed when exposure to B[a]P and DBP. The exposure alone and combined to B[a]P and DBP caused a reduction in mean tubular area compared with the control (P

Cerebrovascular disease, also known as a cerebral vascular accident, is named “stroke” in traditional Chinese medicine, there is close correlation between acute cerebrovascular disease and gastrointestinal system. In this paper, we discussed 3 parts about the relationship between the gastrointestinal system and brain. First, in the traditional Chinese medicine theory, there is close relationship between gastrointestinal system and brain from the physiological function and Meridian theory. Secondly, clinical practice indicated that heat phlegm fu-organ syndrome is the main syndrome of acute cerebrovascular disease. The main symptom of this syndrome is the constipation, which is an important part of the disease transition. Furthermore, in acute cerebrovascular disease, the brain-gut peptide esp. CCK and surface colonic electrical physiological changes are the material and electrophysiological basic on the relationship between gastrointestinal system and brain.

Objective To investigate paired using tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber to regulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)and protein kinase B (p-Akt)signal pathways in rabbits in order to treat carotid atherosclerosis. Methods According to a random number table,20 rabbits were divided into 4 groups:a control,a model,a tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber,and a tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber+LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt signal pathway specific inhibitor)group (n=5 in each group). The rabbits in the control group were fed with basal diet,while those in other groups were given high-cholesterol diet and air drying of carotid artery intima were performed. After procedure,the rabbits in the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group and the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber +LY294002 group were treated with the decoction of traditional Chinese medicine. Carotid atherosclerosis was observed via HE staining;the effect of tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber on the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in rabbits with carotid atherosclerosis was observed by western blot. Results (1)the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in carotid in the model group were 107. 0 ± 2. 6 and 113. 0 ± 1. 7,and those in the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group were 174. 7 ± 14. 5 and 186. 3 ± 18. 3. There were significant differences between the two groups (P <0. 01). After using PI3K/Akt signal pathway specific inhibitor LY294002,the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt (117. 0 ± 4. 0,127. 3 ± 4. 7)were lower than the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group. There were significant differences between the two groups (P <0. 01). (2)The tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber group had mild intimal hyperplasia and foam cell formation under the artery intima,however,they were better than those of the model group and the tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber+LY294002 group. Conclusion Tangerine peel and ternate pinellia tuber may play a role in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis by upregulating the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt in vascular endothelial cells.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Naokang Ⅱ in patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 100 consecutive patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction diagnosed at the Neurology Clinic,Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from October 2012 to February 2014 were enrolled prospectively.Six of them did not complete a return visit because of not returning to the hospital in time,2 withdrew automatically,and finally,92 patients were enrolled in the study.According to the random number table method,they were divided into either an observation group (n=48) or a control group (n=44).The control group was treated with aniracetam,while the observation group was treated with aniracetam plus Naokang Ⅱ (Radix Polygoni Multiflori Preparata,Radix Rehmanniae Preparata,Radix Notoginseng,Acorus Calamus L.and Radix Polygalae) for 12 weeks.The differences of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome integral before and after treatment in both groups were compared.The effective rate and cognitive function improvement rate of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes before and after treatment in both groups were compared.Results The scores of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome integral before and after treatment in patients of the observation group were 28±5 and 15±4,respectively,those of the control group before and after treatment were 26±5 and 18±5,respectively.There were significant differences before and after treatment (the t values were 15.02 and 14.73,respectively,all P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment(t=-3.08,P>0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group (75.0% [36/48]) was higher than that in the control group (45.5% [20/44]).There was significant difference between two groups (χ2=7.023,P=0.008).The improvement rates of memory,orientation,judgment,and problem solving skills in the observation group (29.2% [14/48],27.1% [13/48],and 31.2% [15/48]) were higher than those in the control group (11.4% [5/44],9.1% [4/44],and 13.6% [6/44]).There were significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.05).No adverse reactions were observed in the two groups during the observation period.Conclusion Naokang Ⅱ combined with aniracetam for patients with vascular cognitive impairment of none dementia after cerebral infarction had a synergistic effect.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing sleep disturbance and comorbid anxiety and depression after cerebral infarction.Methods A total of 216 patients with first onset of cerebral infarction were enrolled and divided into a post-stroke comorbid anxiety and depression (PSCAD) group, a pure anxiety group, a pure depression group and a non-anxiety and no-depression group. Smoking, alcohol intake, educational background, life or work pressure and exercise frequency were compared among the four groups along with ultrasound images of the carotid artery and brain blood vessels. The subjects' sleep quality was evaluated with the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).Results The conditions studied showed no significant difference among the four groups. There were significant differences among the four groups in HAMA and HAMD scores. HAMD overall scores were higher in the PSCAD group than in the other three groups. HAMA overall scores were higher in the PSCAD group than in the pure depression group or the non-anxiety and no-depression groups. The PSCAD group showed significantly higher scores on all the dimensions and in their overall scores than those in the non-anxiety and no-depression group. Subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, day-time dysfunction and the overall PSQI score were all significantly higher in the PSCAD group than in the pure anxiety group. Sleep latency, sleep duration, day-time dysfunction and the overall PSQI scores were significantly higher in the PSCAD group than in the pure depression group. Age, life or work pressure, smoking, alcohol intake were the main factors influencing sleep quality in the PSCAD group.Conclusions The sleep quality of anxious and depressed patients after cerebral infarction is worse than that of those suffering only anxiety or depression alone, especially in terms of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency and day-time dysfunction. Age, life or work pressure, smoking and alcohol intake are the main factors influencing sleep quality in such comorbid individuals after cerebral infarction.

Objective To explore the therapy effect of candesartan plus CSDP on elderly hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction.Methods Eighty elderly patients with essential hypertension and renal dysfunction were selected as our subjects.All subjects were randomly divided into candesartan group and candesartan + CSDP group,every group for 40 subjects.Patients in candesartan group were treated with 4 mg candesartan once per day for 6 months.Patients in candesartan + CSDP group were given CSDP 10 capsules three times / day beside 4 mg candesartan,once per day for 6 months.The levels of Cr,BUN,Ccr changes were measured.Results Two therapy strategies can decrease blood pressure and the decrease rate of blood pressure in candesartan + CSDP group was higher than that of candesartan group.The level of Cr,BUN in patients with candesartan + CSDP group after treatment performing were (104.6 ± 6.5) μmol/L,(6.21 ± 4.80) mmol/L,lower than that in before treatment (196.8 ± 2.6) μ mol/L,(9.84 ± 3.20) mmol/L.And the Ccr increased from (58.1 ± 4.9)ml/min to (117.2 ± 6.4)ml/min.The differences were significant (t =2.213,2.302,2.136,P ＜ 0.05).However the differences between before and after treatment with only candesartan treat weren't significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Candesartan + CSDP might show a synergistic effect compared with candesartan in term of curing elderly hypertensive patients with renal dysfunction.

Objective To study the application effect of quality management tool“quality control circle” in clinical probation of the course of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in western medicine colleges and universities. Methods The students of grade 2009 and grade 2010 majoring in clinical specialty in Capital Medical University were classified into the control group and the test group. The control group received traditional teaching methods and the test group received quality control circle activities in clinical probation of TCM. The statistical analysis about comprehensive quality and academic achievement of two groups were made after the clinical probation period. Results Both the theoretical and practical achievements in the test group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The students of the test group showed greater improvements in the learning enthusiasm, joy, confidence, communication and coordination, team cohesion and the ability of problem-solving than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of quality management tool “quality control circle” in clinical probation of TCM teaching can effectively improve students’ academic performance and learning ability, as well as their comprehensive quality.