Objective To study the antitumor activity of betaine and its effect on the glycometabolism of S_(180) bearing mice. Methods On the basis of S_(180) bearing mice, taking tumor inhibition rate, the activity of LDH and ALD in serum as indexes which were determined by test kits. Results The different dosages for tumor inhibition rate of betaine are 39.8%, 25.7%, and 17.7%, respectively, betaine of high dosage can remarkably decrease the activity of LDH, and ALD (P

OBJECTIVETo analyze the status and characteristics of dental manpower in the center for disease controls (CDC) in Sichuan Province and to provide more evidence for strengthening the oral healthcare workforce in the CDC system.

METHODSA mass survey on dental manpower was made in CDCs in Sichuan Province through questionnaire investigation. Data were collected and entered with the Epidemiological Dynamic Data Collection (EDDC) platform and analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSSichuan Province had 0.15 hospitals providing oral health services and 0.38 dentists on average per 10,000 people. About 65.53% (135/206) of the CDCs had one department responsible for the oral health service. However, oral health care personnel comprised only 2.23% (237/10,624) of the personnel of the whole CDC system. About 64.67% (119/184) of county CDCs and 47.62% (10/21) of city CDCs knew well the dental health status of local residents. Less than 5% of the CDCs used the data and assisted in the policy making of public health administrators.

CONCLUSIONThe dental care personal deficit exists in the CDC system in Sichuan Province. The distribution and composition of dental manpower are not reasonable. The oral health service ability of CDCs in Sichuan Province should be strengthened and improved.

Objective To analyze the relationship between the radiation doses to mediastinal lymph nodes regions and the regional failure patterns when involved field radiation therapy (IFRT) was used for limited-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC).Methods The mediastinal lymph node regions (group 1 to 10) of the iimited-stage SCLC patients received definitive radiotherapy were contoured in treatment planning system.The intentional or incidental radiation doses to each lymph node regions were recorded.In-field recurrence,marginal recurrence and out-of-field recurrence were respectively defined as the volume of failed lymph nodes located within the 80％ iso-dose lines,in the 80％-20％ iso-dose lines and beyond the 20％ iso-dose lines of prescribed doses.Results A total of 1 216 lymph node regions in 76 patients were contoured.The median follow-up time was 17.4 months.At diagnosis,lymph node regions with metastatic rates ＞50％ were 4R (68.7％),4L (57.9％),10R (57.9％),2R (56.6％) and 7 (51.3％).The positive lymph node regions were all subjected to prescribed doses.The lymph node regions that received incidental radiation doses of more than 3 000 cGy were:3P,4L,7,6,4R,5,2L.The median lymph node failure-free time was 9.8 months.In this study,only 1 patient developed out-of-field mediastinal lymph nodes failure.The rest of out-of-field recurrences and marginal recurrences were developed in the supraclavicular regions or contralateral hila.Conclusions When IFRT is used to treat mediastinal lymph node regions for patients with SCLC,negative mediastinal regions can be subjected to considerable incidental radiation doses.Out-of-field recurrences of the mediastinal lymph node regions are rare.This is contributed by the incidental radiation dose to these regions.

Objective To explore the application value of near infrared spectrum (NIRS) in the detection of epidural and subdural hematoma in clinic.Methods Thirty-four patients with subdural and epidural hematomas (study group) confirmed by CT or MRI and 14 healthy volunteers (contrast group) were selected.The NIRS equipment which was produced by Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Sciences were used to assess the intracranial hematomas.Taking CT or MRI results as the golden standard,the diagnostic efficiency of NIRS for subdural and epidural hematomas were evaluated.Results For the diagnosis of subdural and epidural hematomas,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 91.18％(31/34),71.43％ (10/14),85.42％(41/48),88.57％(31/35) and 76.92％ (10/13),respectively.Conclusion NIRS is a good device to predict intracranial subdural and epidural hematomas with high sensitivity and positive predictive value,which is helpful for early diagnosis and therapy in clinic.

Objective??To?analyze?the?status?and?characteristics?of?dental?manpower?in?the?center?for?disease?controls?(CDC)?in?Sichuan?Province?and?to?provide?more?evidence?for?strengthening?the?oral?healthcare?workforce?in?the?CDC?system. Methods??A?mass?survey?on?dental?manpower?was?made?in?CDCs?in?Sichuan?Province?through?questionnaire?investigation.?Data?were?collected?and?entered?with?the?Epidemiological?Dynamic?Data?Collection?(EDDC)?platform?and?analyzed?with?SPSS?13.0?software.?Results??Sichuan?Province?had?0.15?hospitals?providing?oral?health?services?and?0.38?dentists?on?average?per?10?000?people.?About?65.53%?(135/206)?of?the?CDCs?had?one?department?responsible?for?the?oral?health?service.?However,?oral?health?care?personnel?comprised?only?2.23%?(237/10?624)?of?the?personnel?of?the?whole?CDC?system.?About?64.67%?(119/184)?of?county?CDCs?and?47.62%?(10/21)?of?city?CDCs?knew?well?the?dental?health?status?of?local?residents.?Less?than?5%?of?the?CDCs?used?the?data?and?assisted?in?the?policy?making?of?public?health?administrators.?Conclusion??The?dental?care?personal?deficit?exists?in?the?CDC?system?in?Sichuan?Province.?The?distribution?and?composition?of?dental?manpower?are?not?reasonable.?The?oral?health?service?ability?of?CDCs?in?Sichuan?Province?should?be?strengthened?and?improved.

Objective To observe the clinical effects and safety of sodium valproate combined with decitabine for treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods Forty-two patients with MDS were enrolled in department of hematology in Shanxi Dayi Hospital from February 2012 to February 2017. According to random number table, the patients were divided into the control group (21 cases) and the experimental group (21 cases). The patients in the control group received decitabine at the dose of 20 mg·m-2·d-1, and intravenous infusion was completed in 2 hours, continuous therapy up to 5 days, 4 weeks as a course; the patients in the experimental group received combined medication, orally given sodium valproate 0.2 g once, 3 times per day. One week later, the dosage was added to 0.4 g once, 3 times per day. Both groups received at least 4 courses of treatment. The treatment was stopped when serious adverse reactions or obvious disease progression occurred. The bone marrow smear was rechecked every 4 weeks after treatment to evaluate the efficacy. The expressions of ASXL1, DNMT3A and TET2 in bone marrow cells were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR before and after treatment. Results The total treatment response rate of the experimental group and the control group were 76.2 % (16/21) and 57.1 % (12/21) respectively, and there was statistically significant difference (P< 0.05); the total remission rate of the two groups was 47.6 % (10/21) and 38.1 %(8/21) respectively, and there was no significant difference (P> 0.05). All patients had slight adverse reactions, and the adverse reaction rate was 42.9 % (9/21) and 38.1 % (8/21), and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The content of TET2 mRNA and DNMT3A mRNA after treatment in both groups were decreased compared with the expressions before treatment, and there were significant differences (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment (P> 0.05); the content of ASXL1 mRNA had no obvious change in the control group and a dramatic decrease in the experimental group compared with that before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Sodium valproate combined with decitabine has favorable effects and mild adverse reactions for treatment of MDS, besides, it can influence the expressions of TET2, DNMT3A and ASXL1.

Objective To investigate the current status and characteristics of the immersion experience of medical students and related influencing factors. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a survey using an immersion experience questionnaire among 732 medical students in a full-time university. Epidata 3.1 software was used for data double entry and management, and SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for data processing and statistical analysis. The questionnaire internal consistency reliability test was used to assess the validity of the questionnaire and a logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors for the immersion experience of medical students. Results Learning immersion experience was at a moderate level among the medical students (3.13±0.64). Level of performance (OR=1.177, 95％CI=0.988-1.402), degree of satisfaction with learning (OR=1.674, 95％ CI=1.341-2.089), and professional interest (OR=2.153, 95％CI=1 . 776-2 . 610 ) were the positive influencing factors for learning immersion (P<0.05) and were positively correlated with learning immersion experience . Grade , source of origin , duty , learning stress , school satisfaction, and life satisfaction had no influence on learning immersion experience (P>0.05). Conclusion Learning immersion experience is at a moderate level among medical students. Improvement of medical students' performance, learning satisfaction,and professional interest helps to improve their immersion experience. Strengthening the attention to work immersion and enhancing learning immersion experience among medical students are beneficial to medical student education and cultivation of qualified medical talents.

Objective:To measure the level of medical students' sense of professional mission and test its influencing factors.Methods:Descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate the status quo of medical students' sense of learning mission, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze its influencing factors. SPSS 19.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data.Results:① The scores of medical students' sense of professional mission were (3.67±0.66) points. The scores of altruistic contribution, guiding force, meaning and value were all higher than 3 points and were close to each other, indicating that medical students had a good sense of professional mission. ② The regression analysis results showed that P values of the five variables of major interest, employment prospect, academic performance, major satisfaction and learning atmosphere were all less than 0.05, and the β coefficient was positive, indicating that the five independent variables had a positive correlation with the dependent variables of professional mission. Conclusion:Medical colleges and universities should strengthen the education of medical students' sense of professional mission and establish correct professional values of medical students, which help stimulate medical students' professional ethics of caring for life, saving lives and injuries.

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a promising technique for treating disorders of consciousness (DOCs). However, differences in the spatio-temporal responsiveness of the brain under varied SCS parameters remain unclear. In this pilot study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure the hemodynamic responses of 10 DOC patients to different SCS frequencies (5 Hz, 10 Hz, 50 Hz, 70 Hz, and 100 Hz). In the prefrontal cortex, a key area in consciousness circuits, we found significantly increased hemodynamic responses at 70 Hz and 100 Hz, and significantly different hemodynamic responses between 50 Hz and 70 Hz/100 Hz. In addition, the functional connectivity between prefrontal and occipital areas was significantly improved with SCS at 70 Hz. These results demonstrated that SCS modulates the hemodynamic responses and long-range connectivity in a frequency-specific manner (with 70 Hz apparently better), perhaps by improving the cerebral blood volume and information transmission through the reticular formation-thalamus-cortex pathway.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Consciousness ; physiology ; Consciousness Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Spinal Cord ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Spinal Cord Stimulation ; methods ; Young Adult