Objective To discuss the health hazards of nurses in the operating room,find out their self-protection awareness,give them defensive education to reduce the damage done to nurses in operating room. Methods Field survey of health hazards in operating room was carried out to find out nurses' self- protection awareness and gave them health propaganda and education. Results There were many health hazards in op-erating room,but nurses' self-protection awareness was low and they knew little about defensive knowledge. Conclusions The curren situation is there are so many disadvantages but nurses in the operating room know little about them,so it is necessary to give them defensive education to protect themselves.

Academic Inspection is not only an important part of clinical teaching,but also a vital tache of improvement for medical treatment quality.Unlike internal medicine and surgery,acdemic inspection of ICU has its own characteristics.PBL teaching method on acdemic inspection of attending doctor in ICU is explored in this article.

Objective To discuss a new procedure to treat Pilon fractures with combined by the using of external fixation and arthroscopy. Methods The external fixation was used to keep the broken bone in line, and the facet of the ankle joint was made smooth under the arthroscope. Several lag screws were put to fix the fracture. 31 cases, 21 male and 10 female, were treated from Nov. 2002 to Mar. 2004 with this technique. There were 22 cases of type B, and 9 type C1,C2 according to AO classification. Results The follow ups ranged from 4 to 12 months, averaging 7.3 months. No nonunion or infection was found. The average bone healing time was 3.7 months. Conclusion The combined use of arthroscopy and external fixation to treat Pilon fracture is an efficient procedure, for it can provide stable fixation, cause limited incision or trauma, and allow early recovery exercises of the ankle joint.

Objective To explore the safety and clinical efficacy of central venous infusions of concentrated potassium chloride corrects hypokalemia by micro-pump in intensive care unit(ICU). Methods The data was analyzed retrospectively on 78 patients with hypokahmia in ICU. They were randomly divided into 2 groups: general group (39 cases) with potassium concentration 40 mmol/L and the rate 10-20 mmol/h,concentrated potassium group(39 cases) with potassium concentration 100-300 mmol/L and the rate 40-200 retool/h, calculating the whole potassium dosage respectively, examining the initial potassium concentration, urine volume per hour, the mean time to aimed potassium concentration and side effect.Results The initial potassium concentration and the whole potassium dosage were no significant difference between the two groups [(2.9 ± 0.2), (3.0 ± 0.2) mmol/L and (85.2 ± 8.7), (92.3 ± 7.6) mmol, respectively](P >0.05). It took longer time reaching the aimed potassium concentration in general group than that in concentrated potassium group [(17.25 ± 4.49) hours and (5.67 ± 0.75) hours, respectively] (P < 0.01).There were no comphcations such as hyperkalemia, fatal arrhythmia and phlebitis. Five patients were bloating in general group. Condusions Under meticulous monitoring, it is effective and relative safely to correct hypokahmia by central venous infusions of concentrated potassium chloride using micro- pump in ICU. The therapy is of clinical value in treating hypokalemia patients.

BACKGROUND:Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) can induce bone and cartilage formationin vivo, and induce chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cels in muscles and around the vessels.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the structure of domestic tantalum-muscle interface fibrous capsule, growth of muscle and smal blood vessels into the porous tantalum and the ability of ectopic osteogenesis after implantation of porous tantalum loaded with BMP-7 into the erector spinae of rabbits.
METHODS: Porous tantalum slices loaded with BMP-7 (experimental group) and porous tantalum slices (control group) were implanted into the erector spinae muscle of New Zealand white rabbits. And the porous tantalum slices with surrounding muscle tissues about 0.5 cm thick were removed at 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation, and observed under scanning electron microscope for hematoxylin eosin staining, Masson staining and hard tissue slice observation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Hematoxylin-eosin staining: Fibrous capsule formation was observed around the materials in the two groups, and with the extension of time, the fibrous capsules were slightly dense, and thinned. There was no obvious inflammatory reaction in the interface between the material and the muscle. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the fibrous capsules thickness. (2) Scanning electron microscope: 2 weeks after the surgery, a smal amount of colagen and muscle fibers were formed in the porous tantalum pores in the two groups, and some of colagen fibers attached to the pore wals. At 8 weeks after the surgery, al the pores of porous tantalum were ful of muscle fibers that were combined with the pore wal closely. There was no significant difference between the two groups. (3) Hard tissue slices: 2 weeks after the surgery, a smal amount of fibroblast cels and muscle fibers grew into the pores of porous tantalum in the two groups and new capilaries grew into the pores of porous tantalum in the experimental group. At 8 weeks after the surgery, the porous tantalum and al the pores were ful of muscle fibers that were combined with the pore wal closely, the number of smal blood vessels and cels decreased, and the tantalum and the muscle were fused closely. (4) Masson staining: 8 weeks after the surgery, a large number of mesenchymal cels, ossein and cartilage matrix formed in the muscle gaps and a few cartilage bone tissues were formed in the experimental group, but no cartilage was found in the control group. The study showed that porous tantalum carrying BMP-7 has good biocompatibility and osteogenic induction ability. Subject headings: Tantalum; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Tissue Engineering.

Objective To explore the protective effect of schisandrin B (SchB) on the permanent damage of human keratinocytes (HaCat) induced by long wave ultraviolet (UVA),and its possible mechanism thereof. Methods After HaCat was treated by 5 J/cm2 UVA, different concentrations of SchB (0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.000 1μmol/L) were used to treat HaCat cells. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and NO content were detected. Results The levels of SOD and GSH-Px activity were decreased, and he levels of LDH and NO content were increased in HaCat cells after being treated by UVA. The different concentrations of SchB showed significant ef-fects on the increased levels of SOD, GSH-Px activity and decreased levels of LDH and NO, and improved the survival rate of HaCat cells. The 0.001 μmol/L SchB showed the strongest protective effect. Conclusion The 0.001 μmol/L SchB showed the best effect on the damage of HaCat cells induce the UVA.

Objective To identify the expression of transcription factor Sp1 in NK/T-cell lymphoma (NK/TCL) cell lines and to investigate the role of Sp1 in regulation of cell invasion. Methods Real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of Sp1 in NK/TCL cell lines SNK-1 and SNK-6 and normal NK cells. Expression levels of IGF-1R and MMP-2 were measured by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Transwell assay was applied to observe the effects of mythramycin A(MIT) on cell invasion. Results Sp1 expression in mRNA and protein were over-expression in NK/TCL cell lines SNK-1 and SNK-6 when compared with normal NK cells. Inhibition of Sp1 by MIT remarkably reduced expression of IGF-1R and MMP-2 in SNK-1, SNK-6 and as a result, or significantly suppressed cell invasion. Expression levels of Sp1 mRNA in SNK-1 and SNK-6 were (9.4±0.3) and (10.6±0.3) foldsincrease as compared with that of control group, respectively (P=0.005 2, P=0.003 7). Levels of Sp1 protein were (5.4±0.3) and (8.6±0.5) foldsincrease times than control groups, respectively (P=0.008 3, P=0.006 9). Inhibition of Sp1 by MIT (100 nmol/L) remarkably reduced expression levels of IGF-1R mRNA by (83.9±3.7) % and (65.8±4.2) % (P = 0.008 2, P = 0.009 7) as compared with controls. Meanwhile, levels of IGF-1R protein were reduced by (51.5±7.1) % and (49.6±9.1) % (P = 0.017 8, P = 0.015 5) as compared with control group. Inhibition of Sp1 by MIT (100 nmol/L) significantly reduced cell invasion and MMP-2 expression in the two cell lines,the cell invasion rates were reduced by (29.6±6.4) % and (37.2±7.6) % (P =0.041 8, P = 0.037 2) in SNK-1 and SNK-6 as compared with control group. The MMP-2 protein levels were found to be (52.7±4.7) % and (29.7±5.6) % (P = 0.028 6, P = 0.020 2) of control group. Conclusion Sp1 is over-expressed in NK/TCL cell lines, and it promotes NK/TCL cell invasion by up-regulating IGF-1R and further increasing MMP-2 expression.

Objective: To investigate the effect of blood glucose fluctuation on the expression of toll-like receptor 4（TLR4）and tumour necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）in the liver of diabetic rats . Methods : The adult male Sprague-Dawley（SD）rats were used to establish diabetic rats model and then they were randomly assigned to sustained hyperglycemia group（MS group,n=20） and fluctuating hyperglycemia group（MF group,n=20）. The two groups continued high-fat and high-sugar diet,while MF group alternately received intraperitoneal injection of glucose and subcutaneous injection of short-acting insulin. Another 10 SD rats were assigned to the control group. After 6 weeks,the physical signs,blood glucose,triglyceride（TG）,total cholesterol（TC）,low density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C）,high density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）,alanine aminotransferase（ALT）and aspartate aminotransferase（AST）of the rats were measured;the mRNA expression of TLR4 and TNF-α in liver tissues were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）;pathological changes of liver tissues were observed after HE staining . Results : Compared with the control group,the rats in the MS group were always at the hyperglycemia status,the blood glucose of the rats in the MF group drifted between the peak and the trough. The weight growth of the rats in the MS group and MF group were slower. The levels of TC,TG and LDL-C significantly increased and the level of HDL-C significantly decreased in the MS group and MF group （all P<0.05）. The activities of ALT and AST increased both in the MS group and MF group,with the MF group increased more significantly（P<0.05）. The mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and TNF-α in liver tissues of the rats in MS group and MF group increased,with the MF group increased more significantly（P<0.05）. HE staining results showed that the liver cells of the rats in the MF group had more lipid droplet deposition,with the disordered hepatocyte line arrangement and more severe lipid droplet vacuolation. The lesion rate of the MS group and MF group were 83.30% and 100.00% . Conclusion The rats in this model showed signs of hyperglycemia complicated by dyslipidemia and liver injury. The expression of TLR4 and TNF-α increased in rats with blood glucose fluctuation,which might play a role in the aggravation of diabetic liver injury.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize extraction technology of protein from Cryptotympana pustulata and investigate its in vitro antioxidant activity,so as to provide reference for further research of protein from C. pustulata. METHODS:Using extraction amount of protein as response value,based on single factor test,Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to optimize the ratio of liquid to material,ultraonic time and extraction times.Validation test was conducted. Using Vitamin C(VC)as positive control, in vitro antioxidant activity of protein from C. pustulata was evaluated by using scavenging rate of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)free radical as index. RESULTS:The optimal extraction condition of protein from C.pustulata was as follows as the ratio of liquid to material 28:1(mL/g), ultrasonic time of 65 min,extracting for twice. In validation test,average extraction amount of protein from C. pustulata was 65.45 mg/g(RSD=1.68%,n=3),relative error of which to predicted value was 5.48%. The protein from C. pustulata showed strong scavenging effect on ABTS and DPPH free radicals. When the concentration of protein from C. slough was 0.2 mg/mL,and the scavenging rate of it to ABTS free radicals was 97%,the effect of which was similar to VC.The protein from C. pustulata showed weak scavenging ability to DPPH free radical,IC50was 0.96 mg/mL,the effect of which was not as good as VC. CONCLUSIONS:The extraction technology of protein from C. pustulata optimized by Box-Behnken response surface methodology shows high accuracy and good reliability.The protein from C.pustulata shows certain antioxidant activity in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the impacts of sports game curriculum on the physical development of preschool children aged 3 to 5 years, so as to provide a reference for sports education and intervention among preschool children. Methods: Totally 176 preschool children aged 3 to 5 years in the large, medium and small class of a kindergarten in Changzhou were selected by means of cluster random sampling, and they were randomly divided into observation group (n=85) and control group(n=91). The control group did not receive special intervention, while the observation group received sports game curriculum, the intervention time was 1 year. The body shape and physical fitness indicators were tested and compared before and after intervention. Results: In terms of body shape, the increase in height of the observation group was (6.57±0.41)cm, which was significantly higher than (5.77±0.36)cm of the control group(t=13.78, P<0.01); There was no significant difference in weight gain between the observation group and the control group (2.53±0.35)kg vs (2.61±0.43)kg(t=1.35, P>0.05). The physical fitness indicators, including standing long jump, continuous jumping of the feet, sit-and-reach, tennis throwing, single foot balance and 10 m×2 shuttle run effects were (95.93±4.02)cm, (6.72±0.35)s, (11.65±1.33)cm, (6.21±1.50)m, (45.26±8.74)s,(6.91±0.13)s in the observation group, significantly better than (82.71±3.59)cm, (7.52±0.41)s, (10.06±1.32)cm, (5.34±1.21)m, (36.14±6.72)s, (7.36±0.17)s in the control group(t=23.04, 13.88, 7.96, 4.25, 7.79, 19.63, P<0.05). Conclusion The sports game curriculum has no significant effect on the weight of preschool children aged 3 to 5, but it can promote the height growth of children and helps to improve physical fitness.