OBJECTIVE:To optimize the ethanol mixed-extraction technology of Red ginseng and Salvia miltiorrhiza in Xin-likang granules. METHODS:L9(34)orthogonal test was adopted to optimize ethanol mixed-extraction technology with ethanol vol-ume fraction,amount of ethanol and extraction times as factors using weighting coefficient comprehensive score of the contents of ginsenoside Rg1,Re and Rb1 in R. ginseng and the contents of tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B in S. miltiorrhiza as index;and the verification test was detected. RESULTS:Optimal mixed-ethanol extraction technology was as follows as 6-fold 70% etha-nol,reflux extracting for 3 times,2 h each time. In verification test,average contents of ginsenosides Rg1,Re,Rb1 in R. ginseng and those of tanshinone ⅡA and salvianolic acid B in S. miltiorrhiza were 3.963 8,0.757 3,4.986 2,0.964 7,27.662 5 mg/g,re-spectively,and comprehensive score was 0.96 (RSD=1.26%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:Ethanol extraction technology of R. gin-seng and S. miltiorrhiza in Xinlikang granules optimized by multiple indexes comprehensive score combined with orthogonal test is stable,reasonable and feasible.

Objective To explore the variation of E-index and M-index of rabbits with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) under the status of pulmonary hypertension (PHT). Methods Rabbit models of APE with PHT were established. A series of parameters [including peak early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (EM), peak late diastolic mitral inflow velocity (AM) and so on] were obtained with routine echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI);and then E-index, M-index were calculated. The parameters before and after APE were compared. Results Twenty-three rabbit models with APE were successfully established, but 3 with atrial fibrillation were excluded. After APE, pulmonary artery pressure increased significantly, EM decreased observably, whereas right ventricular myocardial performance index (RVMPI) increased more evidently than left ventricular myocardial performance index (LVMPI) (P<0.01) did and E-index decreased and M-index increased remarkably. Conclusion Changes of E-index and M-index may provide reference for quantitative assessment of early APE.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of multiple-slice spiral CT (MSCT) perfusion imaging technique in pancreatic cancer by measuring and comparing the dynamical characteristics of blood flow between normal pancreas and pancreatic cancer. Methods The CT perfusion imaging were obtained using Siemens Somatoma MSCT scanner in 44 patients with normal pancreas tissue and 18 patients with pancreatic cancer. The mean blood flow (BF),blood volume (BV), time to start (Trs), time to peak (TIP), permeability and patlak blood volume (pBV) were measured and statistically analyzed by using Siemens Body peHusion software package. Results The mean BF, BV, Trs, TIP, permeability and pBV of normal pancreas were: (90.60±29.25) ml·100 ml-1·min-1, (190.35±43.8) ml/L, (205.3±160.2) s, (1403.5±334.0)s, (99.47±49.9) 0.5 ml·100 ml-1·min-1, (157.8±52.5) ml/L, respectively. The mean BF, BV, TTS, TrP, per-meability and pBV of pancreatic cancer were (22.9±10. 63) ml·100 ml-1·min-1, (52.38±18.08) ml/L, (194.3±76.0) s, (1549.5± 308.5)s, (115.25±33.55) 0.5 ml·100 ml-1·min-1, (83.16±41.45) ml/L respectively. The mean BF, BV, pBV and permeability between normal pancreas and pancreatic carcinoma were statistically significant (P<0.01). However the mean TTS and TIP between normal pancreas and pancreatic carcinoma were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion There are significant differences between perfusion values of pancreatic carcinoma and normal pancreatic tissue, and MSCT perfusion imaging is helpful in diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate left ventricular myocardial function of rabbit after ischemiareperfusion using speckle tracking imaging (STI),and to explore the myocardial protect effects of ischemia postconditioning (I-PostC) on reperfusion injury.Methods 24 Japanese rabbits were divided into ischemiareperfusion group (group Ⅰ) and I-PostC group (group Ⅱ) randomly.The characteristic changes of left ventricular global and regional myocardial strain and twist function of two groups were evaluated quantitatively by STI and compared with pathological results.Results ① Global longitudinal systolic strain rate(GLSrsys),global longitudinal systolic strain (GLSsys) and global longitudinal peak strain(GLSp) decreased in both groups,longitudinal systolic strain rate(SrLsys),longitudinal systolic strain(SLsys) and longitudinal peak strain(SLp) in the lateral wall of left ventricle decreased significantly and negative peak of SrLivr and PSI increased after the left ventricular branch of coronary artery was occluded;The values of Ptw and untwR of left ventricle were smaller.② After the artery was released,GLSp recovered in group Ⅱ,which was not seen in group Ⅰ.The values of SrLsys,SLsys and SLp increased significantly and negative peak of SrLivr and PSI decreased in group Ⅱ.However,only Slsys and SLp rebounded in group Ⅰ.Between the 2 groups,SrLsys andSLp in group Ⅱ were higher than that of group Ⅰ (P＜0.05 or 0.01),and SrLivr was lower compared with group Ⅰ (P ＜0.05).In group Ⅱ,Ptw and untwR changed back to a normal range (P ＜0.05 or 0.01),and no index has changed in group Ⅰ ;Between the 2 groups,Ptw and untwR in group Ⅱ were higher than that of group Ⅰ (P ＜0.05).③ The sensitivity and specificity of GLSrsys,GLSsys,SrLsys,SLsys and Ptw to detect rabbit myocardial infarction were 81.3 ％ and 75.0 ％,62.5 ％ and 81.2％,87.5％ and 87.5％,93.8％ and 75.0％,81.3％ and 68.7％ respectively.Conclusions STI may provide a promising approach to evaluate the global and regional myocardial function.It also can observe the protect effects of I-PostC on myocardial reperfusion injury accurately.

ObjectiveTo explore the potential value of diffusion weighted imaging(DWI) in the clinical diagnosis of soft-tissue tumors.MethodsDiffusion-weighted MRI was performed in 48 histologically proven soft-tissue tumor cases using diffusion-weighted spin-echo sequences.Of the 48 soft-tissue tumor cases,there were 28 cases of sarcoma and 20 cases of benign tumor.The apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) values of a large region with no necrosis,scar tissue,hemorrhage or calcification representing the lesion were measured.ADC values of benign tumors,malignant tumors and normal muscles were compared.ResultsThe ADC value of the malignant tumors (0.95 ± 0.31 )× 10-3mm2/s was significantly lower than that of benign lesions( 1.87 ±0.66) × 10-3mm2/s and muscles( 1.62 ±0.50) × 10 -3mm2/s.There was no significant difference in ADC value between benign lesions and muscles.Sensitivity(75％ ) and specificity(89％ ) were obtained when the ADC value was 1.38 × 10-3mm2/s in the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors.ConclusionDiffusion-weighted MRI had potential value in differentiating benign softtissue tumors from malignant ones.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of berberine hydrochloride in the Jiangtang xiao-zhi tablets. METHODS:HPLC was conducted with the Symmetry C18 column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate(pH adjusted to 3.0 using phosphoric acid)(24∶76,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wave-length was 345 nm,the column temperature was room temperature and injection volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of berberine hydrochloride was 0.522-4.698 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 0.72%;the average recovery was 97.79%(RSD=2.09%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate,sensitive and reproducible,and can be used for the content determination of berberine hydrochloride.

Biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) is a potentially high throughput and low cost alternative for in vitro prediction of drug absorption, which can mimic the drug partitioning process in biological systems. In this paper, a data set of 56 compounds representing acidic, basic, neutral and amphoteric drugs from various structure classes with human oral absorption (HOA) data available were employed to show the effect of acidity of drugs in oral absorption prediction. HOA was reciprocally correlated to the negative value of the capacity factor (kBMC) determined by BMC at pH 7.4 and 6.5. The relationships between kBMC and the corresponding HOA values of all compounds were rather poor, but the correlations were improved when the acidity of drugs was taken into consideration. Moreover, the proposed models allowed obtaining of good predictive values for both highly and poorly absorbed compounds. It is demonstrated that the constructed models derived from compounds with the same kind of charge property are of more practically meaningful and rigorous.

0.05).CTA 3D reconstruction in showing celiac artery branches was better than that with DSA , the observation of angles between celiac artery and abdominal aorta with MSCT was more convenient than that with DSA.4 cases with hepatic artery original abnormality were detected by MSCT ,they were the same as DSA.Conclusion MSCT is of important value in guidance of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of HCC.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare podophyllotoxin-loaded solid lipid (PPT-SLN) gel and establish its quality control method. METHODS: With stearic acid, stearylamine, soybean lecithin as cosurfactant and PPT as principal agent, PPT-SLN suspension was prepared by the method of emulsion evaporation and solidification at a low temperature, then prepared into PPT-SLN gel with carbomer used as gel matrix. The physicochemical properties of the preparation were investigated, the content and entrapment efficiency of PPT were determinated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The stability of the preparation was investigated as well. RESULTS: PPT-SLN gel appeared as lacte translucent semisolid, with its property and test results all in conformity with the related specification in Chinese Pharmacopoia (2005 edition). The nanoparticles were well-distributed in round or oval shape, with an average particle size of (105.3?34.7) nm, entrapment efficiency of 72.5% and pH value of (7.2?0.3). The preparation was stable within 6 months under room temperature. CONCLUSION: The preparation technology of PPT-SLN gel is feasible and its quality is controlable.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pharmacological postconditioning on longitudinal myocardial function in rabbits' model of myocardial inshemia-reperfusion using layer-specific strain of ultrasound speckle tracking imaging.Methods Forty healthy rabbits were randomly divided into two groups:ischemia-reperfusion group (IR) and pharmacological postconditioning group (ATP-PPost). Echocardiography examinations were performed at baseline,45 min after ligation and 30 min,60 min,120 min after reperfusion.Pathological examinations were applied in two rabbits randomly selected from each group at 45 min after ligation and 30 min,60 min after reperfusion and at the end of experiment.Results①After coronary artery ligation,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased in two groups(P <0.05) and longitudinal systolic strain(SLsys) of 3 myocardial layers decreased in two groups (P <0.01). And the SLsys in the endocardium had greater variation than that in the epicardium.②Compared with that after ligation,the SLsys of all myocardial layers increased at 30 min after reperfusion in ATP-PPost group (P <0.01),and the SLsys in endocardial layer kept increasing with the time of reperfusion(P <0.05). And the SLsys of 3 myocardial layers were significantly higher in ATP-PPost group than those in IR group (P <0.01).③ In two groups,the values of SLsys were decreasing from endocardial layer to epicardial layer.They were higher in the endocardium than those in the epicardium at any time(P <0.01 and P <0.05).Conclusions Layer-specific strain of STI can evaluate exactly the regional myocardial function of rabbit myocardial pharmacological-postconditioning model.SLsys of endocardial layer is more sensitive to myocardial ischemia than that of epicardial layer.