BACKGROUND:Successful uterine spiral artery remodeling is necessary for normal pregnancy,in which vascular smooth muscle cells are important cells.Interferon-γ is associated with the loss of vascular smooth muscle cells during early pregnancy.However,the specific mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of interferon-γ on migration and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells through NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway. METHODS:Human vascular smooth muscle cells were divided into control group and interferon-γ group.The control group was cultured normally,and the interferon-γ group was treated with 10 ng/mL interferon-γ for 24 hours.The migration ability of vascular smooth muscle cells was detected by Transwell assay.The apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells was detected by TUNEL assay and flow cytometry.The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 were detected by qPCR.Western blot assay was utilized to detect NLRP3,caspase-1,and cleaved N-terminal GSDMD protein expression levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the migration ability and apoptosis rate of vascular smooth muscle cells in interferon-γ group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells of interferon-γ group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the expression levels of NLRP3,caspase-1,and cleaved N-terminal GSDMD protein in vascular smooth muscle cells in the interferon-γ group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The results suggest that interferon-γ may regulate the migration and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells through NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pyroptosis pathway.

ObjectiveTo find out whether there is any difference in the monitoring results of mosq-ovitraps placed in different orientations in multi-storey residential areas, so as to provide a scientific basis for routine and emergency monitoring of Aedes albopictus with mosq-ovitraps in residential areas. MethodsFrom July 6th to October 26th 2023, one mosquito ovitrap was set up in each of the 4 orientations of east, south, west and north around the buildings in a multi-storey residential area in Jinhui Town, Fengxian District, Shanghai. Data was collected and recorded 72 hours after placement. The chi-square test was used to compare the mosquito ovitrap indices (MOIs) of two independent samples, and the Kruskal⁃Wallis H test was used to compare the MOIs of multiple independent samples. ResultsAfter 16 weeks of surveillance, 997 mosquito ovitraps were recovered, of which 211 were positive, with the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) of 21.16% and the Aedes albopictus density index of 1.03 mosquitoes·ovitrap^-1. The MOIs were higher in September (24.22%) and October (23.96%), and the MOIs in the west, south and north within the two months were all above 20.00%. From July to October, the MOIs in the east, west, south and north were 20.70%, 22.20%, 25.50% and 16.20%, respectively, and the difference in MOIs among the 4 orientations was not statistically significant (χ²=6.647, P=0.084). Stratified analysis by month showed that in August, the south side of the multi-storey residential areas had the highest MOI (31.30%), the north side had the lowest MOI (1.30%), and there was a statistically significant difference in MOI in the east, west, south and north (χ²=25.986, P<0.001). In October, the MOI in the west was the highest (33.30%) and the MOI in the east was the lowest (6.30%), the difference in MOIs of the 4 orientations was statistically significant (χ²=12.007, P=0.007). The MOIs in the south side of the building in the outskirts of the residential area from the 1st week in July to the 4th week in October was lower (19.20%) than that in the south side of the inner building (31.70%), and the difference in MOI was statistically significant (χ²=5.118, P=0.024). ConclusionThe study of MOI in different orientations in a multi-storey residential area is a preliminary exploration based on field work, and the results show that there is a difference in MOIs in different orientations during the peak breeding period of mosquitoes. Further indicators such as temperature, humidity and wind speed in different orientations can be collected to explore the influencing factors of MOIs.

Cuproptosis, a recently discovered form of regulated cell death involving copper ion metabolism, has emerged as a promising approach for tumor therapy. This pathway not only directly eliminates tumor cells but also promotes immunogenic cell death (ICD), reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and initiating robust anti-tumor immune responses. However, translating cuproptosis-based therapies into clinical applications is hindered by challenges, including complex metabolic regulation, TME heterogeneity, and the precision required for effective drug delivery. To address these limitations, nanoparticles offer transformative solutions by providing precise delivery of cuproptosis-inducing agents, controlled drug release, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy through simultaneous modulation of metabolic pathways and immune responses. This review systematically discusses recent advancements in nanoparticle-based cuproptosis delivery systems, highlighting nanoparticle design principles and their synergistic effects when integrated with other therapeutic modalities such as ICB, PTT, and CDT. Furthermore, we explore the potential of cuproptosis-based nanomedicine for personalized cancer treatment by emphasizing strategies for TME stratification and therapeutic optimization tailored to patient profiles. By integrating current insights from metabolic reprogramming, tumor immunotherapy, and nanotechnology, this review aims to facilitate the clinical translation of cuproptosis nanomedicine and significantly contribute to the advancement of precision oncology.

OBJECTIVES: To detect prfA and hly toxin genes of Listeria monocytogenes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and colloidal gold technology. METHODS: L. monocytogenes DNA was extracted by boiling method. With prfA and hly of L. monocytogenes as the target genes, the 5' ends of upstream and downstream primers of prfA gene were labeled with 6-FAM and biotin, and the 5' ends of upstream and downstream primers of hly gene were labeled with digoxin and biotin, respectively, to establish the toxin gene detection method. Using cloning transformation, sequencing analysis, cloning of positive control products, the detection kid was developed and its specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility and stability were tested, followed by verification with sample testing. RESULTS: The concentration of L. monocytogenes DNA extracted by boiling method was 148.81±0.97 ng/μL, and the A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀ ratio ranged from 1.8 to 2.0. The PCR products showed a 100% homology with the gene sequences in GenBank database after cloning, transformation and sequencing. The colloidal gold strip yielded positive results only for L. monocytogenes samples without cross-reactions with Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli or Bacillus cereus, and its minimum detection limit was 10^-2 ng/μL, demonstrating a 10-fold greater sensitivity of the test than agarose gel electrophoresis. The test also showed good reproducibility of the results when performed by different operators with good stability of the test strips after storage for 6 to 12 months. The test results showed that this kit could accurately and quickly detect L.monocytogenes in the test samples. CONCLUSIONS The detection kit developed in this study can simultaneously detect prfA and hly toxin genes of L. monocytogenes with good specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility and stability for use in food safety inspection.
Listeria monocytogenes/isolation & purification* ; Gold Colloid ; Bacterial Toxins/genetics* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Hemolysin Proteins/genetics* ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics* ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics* ; Food Microbiology ; Heat-Shock Proteins

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the host's dysregulated response to infection, with a complex pathogenesis and high mortality rate. Currently, there are no clear and effective treatment drugs available. Epigenetic modification serves as a major mechanism regulating gene expression under pathological and physiological conditions, and it has been shown to play a critical role in regulating the occurrence and development of sepsis. Histone acetylation modification, as a sophisticated epigenetic modification mechanism, plays a crucial regulatory role in many aspects of life. It can jointly regulate the acetylation status of histones through histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC), thereby changing DNA expression and dynamically regulating sepsis related gene expression at the epigenetic level. Previous studies have shown that histone acetylation can participate in the progression of sepsis by regulating inflammatory mediators, nuclear factor-ΚB (NF-ΚB) signaling pathway, autophagy, efferocytosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis. These mechanisms are promising targets for novel sepsis treatments. In addition, with the deepening of research, it has been found that various selective/non selective histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) can regulate histone acetylation status by acting on different HDAC targets, which has been shown to alleviate organ damage caused by sepsis and improve prognosis in septic animal models. This article further summarizes the role and potential applications of histone acetylation in sepsis, providing new ideas for the treatment of sepsis.
Sepsis/metabolism* ; Acetylation ; Humans ; Histones/metabolism* ; Histone Acetyltransferases/metabolism* ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Animals

In recent years, the prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease has continued to rise. Despite the widespread application of strategies such as intensive pharmacotherapy, coronary artery bypass grafting, or percutaneous coronary intervention, a subset of patients still experience recurrent angina symptoms, which severely impacts their quality of life. For such cases of refractory angina (RA), researchers domestically and internationally have explored therapeutic approaches such as spinal cord stimulation, transmyocardial laser revascularization, and sympathectomy. However, existing studies are largely limited to small-scale clinical trials, and their clinical translation still faces challenges due to insufficient validation of safety and efficacy. Injectable hydrogels, as functional materials with hydrophilic three-dimensional network structures, demonstrate unique advantages in the treatment of RA. They can not only provide mechanical support but also serve as controlled-release carriers for drugs and proteins, and synergize with gene therapy and stem cell therapy to promotemyocardial tissue repair. This article systematically reviews the application prospects of injectable hydrogels in the treatment of RA, aiming to provide insights for future therapeutic strategies.

Cardiac arrest most commonly occurs outside of the hospital, known as out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and is an important global health problem. Approximately 40% of cardiac arrest has no clear cause. Hereditary arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies factors contribute to cardiac arrest. The identification of genetic factors for cardiac arrest after its occurrence is of great value not only for the individual, but also for relatives who may be at risk for the disease in their family. In the United States, there are over 350?000 cases of OHCA and over 200?000 cases of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) each year, and in Western Europe, cardiac arrest accounts for 15%-20% of all adult natural deaths and 50% of all cardiovascular deaths. In order to reduce the burden caused by cardiac arrest within society, it is essential to further understand its etiological factors, such as incidence in different regions, risk factors, and populations at higher risk. For each individual, cardiac arrest is the result of a complex interaction of genetic and acquired factors. Understanding the complex interplay of pathogenic factors in cardiac arrest and the development of individualized prevention and treatment approaches requires the collection of clinical data from cardiac arrest populations and multimodal analysis in order to identify epidemiological features and risk factors for cardiac arrest. Recently, cardiac arrest-related data are being collected and integrated in Europe in different regions and populations. As a result of the commitment to the creation of large datasets of clinical information on cardiac arrest populations, the knowledge of the pathology of cardiac arrest pathogenesis as well as risk factors is steadily increasing. This article reviews the epidemiologic data of cardiac arrest in recent years and the associated risk factors, thus providing ideas for developing better strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest.

Objective:To understand the clinical characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with renal injury after antiviral therapy in Henan Province, and to explore the risk factors of renal injury.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate HIV infection/AIDS patients receiving antiviral therapy in Zhengzhou Sixth People′s Hospital, Anyang Fifth People′s Hospital, Hebi Third People′s Hospital, Luo Yang Zhoushan Hospital and Lankao Central Hospital in Henan Province from April 1 to September 30, 2023. The clinical information including basic data, antiviral therapy regimens and comorbidities, and laboratory test results (blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, urine routine, urine microalbumin, urine α 1-microglobulin (α 1-MG), urine β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG), urine retinol binding protein (RBP), urine creatinine, HIV viral load, CD4 + T lymphocyte count) were collected. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for renal injury. Results:A total of 2 526 HIV infection/AIDS patients were included, with the age of (45.52±14.28) years and 2 156 (85.4%) males. The main route of transmission was sexual transmission (91.6%, 2 314/2 526). The duration of antiviral therapy was 5.00(2.92, 8.00) years. Tenofovir (TDF)+ lamivudine (3TC)+ non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) accounted for 55.3%(1 396/2 526) of the current antiviral therapy regimen. The percentage of HIV viral load <50 copies/mL was 93.0%(2 350/2 526). The CD4 + T lymphocyte count was 476(337, 645)/μL. There were 156 patients (6.2%) complicated with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C, 205 patients (8.1%) with diabetes, 379 patients (15.0%) with hyperlipidemia, and 189 patients (7.5%) with hyperuricemia. A total of 1 040 patients (41.2%) with renal injury were found through renal function test, including 355 cases (14.1%) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/(min·1.73 m 2) or urine protein positive or urine albumin creatine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g, 682 patients (27.0%) with pure tubular injury presented with only positive for urinary α 1-MG, urinary β 2-MG, or urinary RBP. eGFR< 60 mL/(min·1.73 m 2) was found in 71 cases (2.8%), eGFR from 60 to 89 mL/(min·1.73 m 2) was found in 509 cases (20.2%), and eGFR≥90 mL/(min·1.73 m 2) was found in 1 946 cases (77.0%). A total of 138 patients (5.5%) were identified as having combined chronic kidney disease (CKD). Among them, 110 patients (79.7%) were in CKD stages 1 to 2, and 117 patients (84.8%) were in urinary albumin A2 grade. Multivariate analysis of 355 patients with renal injury who had eGFR<60 mL/(min·1.73 m 2) or positive urine protein in urine routine or UACR ≥30 mg/g showed that ages of 50 to 69 years old (odds ratio( OR)=2.189, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.333 to 3.596, P=0.002)), ≥70 years old ( OR=5.190, 95% CI 2.912 to 9.248, P<0.001), female ( OR=1.685, 95% CI 1.241 to 2.286, P=0.001), combined opportunistic infection ( OR=2.521, 95% CI 1.567 to 4.056, P<0.001), combined hepatitis B ( OR=1.962, 95% CI 1.110 to 3.467, P=0.020), combined hepatitis C ( OR=1.883, 95% CI 1.043 to 3.400, P=0.036), combined diabetes ( OR=2.703, 95% CI 1.911 to 3.821, P<0.001), using TDF for two to four years ( OR=1.674, 95% CI 1.103 to 2.459, P=0.015), using TDF for greater than or equal to five years ( OR=1.880, 95% CI 1.287 to 2.746, P=0.001), using TDF combined with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) ( OR=3.610, 95% CI 2.273 to 5.734, P<0.001) and using TDF combined with non-LPV/r ( OR=1.495, 95% CI 1.036 to 2.157, P=0.031) were the risk factors of renal injury. Conclusions:There is a high proportion of renal injury among HIV infection/AIDS patients after antiviral therapy in Henan Province, including CKD and simple renal tubular injury. Older age, female, comorbidities, and long-term use of TDF are risk factors for renal injury.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs combined with linezolid in treatment of children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM).Methods:A retrospective cohort study design was performed . Eight-nine Children diagnosed as TBM during January 1 st 2016 and December 31 st 2023 in Department of Infectious Disease, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were enrolled in the study. According to different treatment regimens, children were divided into a group of first-line anti-tuberculous drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (HRZE)) and a group of HRZE and linezolid combination (HRZEL). The efficacy and safety of the 2 regimens were compared and the relationship between linezolid drug concentration and adverse reactions were analyzed. Comparisons between groups were performed using χ2 test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The 89 children with TBM included 53 males and 36 females with an onset age of 4.6 (1.4, 9.6) years. There were 27 cases in the HZREL group and 62 cases in the HRZE group. Before treatment, positive rate of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) in HRZEL group was lower than that in HRZE group (64% (16/25) vs.92% (55/60), χ2=9.82, P<0.05), but protein level of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was higher than that in HRZE group (1.2 (1.0, 2.0) vs.0.8 (0.4,1.4) g/L, Z=0.32, P<0.05). By the end of the intensive phase, there were no significant differences of rates of CSF improvement and etiology negativity between HRZEL group and HRZE group (both P>0.05).The 44 TBM children with high CSF protein (>1 g/L) included 25 males and 19 females with an onset age of 6.7 (3.0, 11.8) years. There were 21 cases in the HZREL group and 23 cases in the HRZE group accordingly. Before treatment, there were no significant differences of positive rate of IGRA test and CSF protein level between the 2 groups (62% (13/21) vs. 87% (20/23), 1.7 (1.1, 2.2) vs. 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) g/L, χ2=3.67, Z=0.23, both P>0.05). There were no significant differences in CSF indicators, etiology negativity or imaging remission between the two groups by the end of intensive phase (all P>0.05). Higher frequencies of granulocytopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms as well as withdrawal or change of drugs were found in HRZEL group when compared to those in HRZE group (44% (12/27) vs. 19% (12/62), 7% (2/27) vs. 0, 33% (9/27) vs. 3% (2/62), χ2=6.01, 4.70, 15.74, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The efficacy of HRZEL regimen is similar to conventional HRZE regimen in children with TBM, but with higher adverse effect. Prudentially evaluating the pros and cons of linezolid in the usage of drug-susceptible TB and carefully monitoring of linezolid associated adverse effects is suggested.

Objective To investigate the clinical application value of MRI Radiomics score(Radscore)combined with clinicopatho-logical features in predicting postoperative progression-free survival(PFS)of patients with endometrial cancer(EC).Methods A total of 127 patients with EC were selected.The radiomic features of the lesions were extracted from T2 WI,diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)images.The features were screened by random forest model and Radscore was calcu-lated.Simultaneously,clinical and pathological characteristics of patients were collected and incorporated,and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors related to PFS.The MRI Radscore and clinicopathological features were mapped to the nomogram,and the performance of nomogram was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and calibration curve.Results Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that progesterone receptor(PR),human epididymis protein 4(HE4)and MRI Radscore were independent risk factors for predicting PFS in patients with EC(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the predicted PFS at 1,3 and 5 years after surgery were 0.91,0.804 and 0.776,respectively.Calibration curves showed that nomogram had a good fit in predicting PFS in patients with EC 1,3 and 5 years after surgery.Conclusion The nomogram con-structed based on multi-sequence MRI Radscore and clinicopathological features has favorable accuracy and stability in predicting postoperative PFS in individuals diagnosed with EC.