Objective To investigate the influence of hedysaryum polysaccharide (HPS)in the kidney function and expressions of Glut-1 mRNA and protein in kidney tissue of db/db mice with diabetic nephropathy (DN)and to elucidate its possible action mechanism.Methods 10 db/m mice were taken as normal control group(n=10);50 fueling animal model db/db mice with DN were randomly divided into model group,enalapril group and the low, middle and high doses of HPS groups(n=10).The mice in noral control group and model group were given physioloical saline by gavege;and the mice in the other groups were respectively given 10 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 enalapril, 100,200 and 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 HPS by gavage;lasted 8 weeks.Picric acid method was used to determine the serum creatinine(SCr)level of the mice,enzyme coupling rate method was used to determine the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)level,ELISA method was used to determine the urinary microalbumin(UMALB)level,RT-PCR method was performed to detect the expression of Glut-1 mRNA, and Western blotting and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of Glut-1 protein.Results Compared with model group,the levels of SCr, BUN, UMALB, the mRNA and protein of Glut-1 expressions were decreased, especially in 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 HPS and enalapril groups(P<0.01).The HE and Masson staining results showed that less inflammatory cells infiltration in glomerular of the mice were found, capillary lumens were unobstructed, and the collagen deposition was not obvious in 400 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 group.Conclusion HPS could improve the kidney function of the db/db mice and inhibit the Glut-1 mRNA and protein expressions obviously, which indicates that HPS could delay the development of DN by inhibiting the Glut-1 expression in the glomerular mesangial cell membrane.

Objective To investigate the influence of hedysarum polybotrys polysacchcaide (HPS)on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 )and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF)as well as its kidney-protective mechanism in early diabetic nephropathy (DN)db /db mice.Methods 60 male mice at SPF 6 were used for this study.The above 50 db /db mice were divided into 5 groups (n =10 in each group)by using the random number table method:high-dose,mid-dose and low-dose HPS group (200,100,50 mg/kg,ig),telmisartan group (5 mg/kg,ig),and model group (distilled water of the same volume,ig).The remaining 10 db /m mice in the normal control group received equal vol-ume of distilled water via intragastric administration for 8 weeks.For mice in all groups,blood glucose levels were measured before the experiment and once every two weeks after intervention.24h urine was collected at the end of week 4 and 8 to measure urinary albumin levels by using ELISA method.Blood samples were drawn from the eyeball veins to measure the levels of serum creatinine (Scr)and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).Rat kidney tissue was dissected after sacrifice of these mice.Left kidney underwent HE staining to observe pathological changes in the renal cortex while the right kidney was used to detect the expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA and protein by using RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results Compared with the normal control group,blood glucose,Scr,BUN and 24 h urinary albumin levels in-creased significantly (P <0.01)in the model group;glomerular hypertrophy,mesangial widening,and capillary basement membrane thickening were observed.Expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA and protein were significantly increased (P <0.01).Compared with the model group,blood glucose,Scr, BUN and 24 h urinary albumin levels decreased significantly (P <0.05)in all treatment groups except the low-dose HPS group (P >0.05);glomerular hypertrophy,mesangial widening and capillary base-ment membrane thickening presented with different degrees of improvement;expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA and protein significantly decreased (P <0.01);curative effect of the mid-dose HPS group was superior to that of the telmisartan group.Conclusion HPS could prevent early diabetic nephropathy (DN)in db /db mice;its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA ex-pression level in the kidney.

Objective:To detect the levels of serum IgM and IgG antibodies against 2019-nCoV in 79 patients with COVID-19 for understanding their variation patterns in vivo. Methods:Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the levels of 2019-nCoV-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in 167 serum samples collected at different periods (≤10 d, 10<~20 d, 20<~30 d、>30 d) after disease onset from 79 clinically confirmed COVID-19 patients in Hangzhou Xixi Hospital. The results were statistically analyzed together with clinical data.Results:The average levels of IgM and IgG antibodies in severe and common cases were higher than those in mild cases [IgM: 21.77 (10.18-128.65) and 13.13 (6.08-35.14) vs 3.01(1.69-8.69), χ 2=27.442, P<0.01; IgG: (124.22±36.79) and (120.04±63.25) vs (52.31±53.68), F/χ 2=27.295, P<0.01]. The positive rates of IgM and IgG antibodies in severe and common cases were also higher than those in mild cases after recovery ( P<0.01). The levels of IgM and IgG antibodies were affected by the time of detection. The level of IgM antibody detected during 10<~20 d of the disease onset was significantly higher than that within 10 d of the disease onset ( P<0.05). The level of IgG antibody detected after 10 d of the disease onset was significantly higher than that within 10 d of the disease onset ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Higher levels of IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in patients with severe COVID-19. A significant correlation was found between the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies and the time of detection.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sexual health education for female nursing students. Methods Totals of 112 female nursing students were randomly selected from grade 2012.Their sexual knowledge was evaluated, and then were divided into three groups-high, medium and low, according to their sexual knowledge.The score of sexual health education was compared among groups.Results After the health education, the total score of sexual knowledge was (75.01 ±6.84), and the score of self-care, sexual transmitted disease, gynecological disease were (26.20 ±3.57), (18.15 ±3.45) and (30.66 ±4.50), which were significantly higher than (62.73 ±8.20), (20.25 ±3.75), (16.13 ±6.27) and (26.19 ±4.97) before the education, and the differences were significant (t=12.48, 12.09, 3.15, 7.80, respectively;P<0.05). The improvement of low score group was more significant compared with the medium and high score group, and the improvement of high score group was lower than medium and low score group, and there was a significant difference (F=38.38,P<0.05).There was no significant difference among different sexual education methods (F=0.35,P >0.05).Conclusions Sexual health education is an important way to enhance the sexual knowledge of female nursing students and it is necessary to develop various sexual health education methods in colleges and universities.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of intraocular lens (IOL) protected phacoemulsification (PHACO) in patients with hard nucleus cataract.Methods:A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted.A total of consecutive 120 patients (120 eyes) with hard nucleus cataract of Emery grade Ⅳ or Ⅴ were enrolled from January 2019 to May 2022.The patients were randomly divided into PHACO group receiving routine PHACO, IOL protected PHACO group receiving PHACO under IOL protection, and extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) group receiving ECCE, with 40 cases (40 eyes) in each group.Finally, 99 patients completed the follow-up, including 30 cases (30 eyes) in PHACO group, 35 cases (35 eyes) in IOL protected PHACO group, and 34 cases (34 eyes) in ECCE group.The total operation time, intraoperative PHACO time and cumulative energy release of each patient were recorded.The corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation in endothelial cell area (CV), hexagonal endothelial cell ratio (6A), corneal astigmatism and the number of eyes with different grades of uncorrected visual acuity were measured and compared after 3-month follow-up.The intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yanbian University Hospital (NO.2023002).Patients were informed of study content and purpose and signed a consent form before treatment.Results:There was no significant difference in ultrasonic energy and time between PHACO group and IOL protected PHACO group ( P=0.691, 0.982).The total operation time was (38.81±2.73) and (36.45±3.45) minutes in PHACO group and IOL protected PHACO group, significantly shorter than (69.60±4.35) minutes in ECCE group (both at P<0.001).There was no significant difference in age, sex, lens nucleus hardness and other baseline data among the three groups before operation (all at P>0.05).Three months after operation, the number of patients with higher uncorrected visual acuity in PHACO group and IOL protected PHACO group was larger than that in ECCE group ( P=0.006, 0.007).The ECD and 6A in IOL protected PHACO group were (2 155.57±177.88)/mm 2 and (41.31±5.18)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (1 912.64±224.11)/mm 2 and (36.18±3.27)% in PHACO group, and the CV in IOL protected PHACO group was (50.34±5.90)%, which was lower than (55.67±3.30)% in PHACO group, showing statistically significant differences ( P=0.007, 0.003, 0.005).At 1 week and 3 months after the operation, the corneal astigmatism was significantly lower in IOL-protected PHACO group than in ECCE group, but higher than in PHACO group, and the difference were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with conventional PHACO, IOL-protected PHACO can effectively reduce the damage of corneal endothelium caused by ultrasonic energy, shorten the operation time and reduce postoperative inflammatory reaction compared with ECCE, and does not significantly increase postoperative corneal astigmatism.IOL-protected PHACO is an effective improved surgical method for patients with hard nucleus cataract.

Objective To explore the value of OSCE system combined with intelligent network in-formation platform in clinical skills assessment of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods 112 clinical medi-cal students who participated in the practice of gynecology and obstetrics in Second Military Medical Uni-versity in 2017 were randomly divided into the experimental group (network information OSCE) and the control group (traditional OSCE). The teaching results were evaluated by the questionnaire survey of teachers and students and the examination results as well. The statistical analysis was made with the Chi-square test and the t test respectively. Results According to the questionnaire survey of two skills assessment methods, the satisfaction index of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group in both teachers and students, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The total time of examination in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The final total score and the results of case analysis and clinical operation examination of experi-mental group were all higher than those of the control group, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion OSCE combined with the network information system has an unparalleled advantage in the assessment of the obstetrics and gynecology department. The system will promote clinical education of ob-stetrics and gynecology and the evaluation of the clinical ability of the medical students to a new height, which deserves popularization.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients complicated with pneumothorax.Methods:The clinical data of 7 COVID-19 patients complicated with pneumothorax admitted to Huanggang Central Hospital from January 3 to March 10, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment were summarized, and experience in the treatment of COVID-19 was shared.Results:① General information: among the 7 patients, 5 were males and 2 were females. Four of them had no underlying disease, and 1 had a history of diabetes and hypertension. One patient had only a history of hypertension. There were 6 cases of right pneumothorax and 1 case of bilateral pneumothorax. The 7 patients had a long hospital stay, all over 4 weeks, mostly complicated with multiple organ dysfunction. ② Imaging examination: 1 case evolved from the early stage to the advanced stage within 1 week and to the severe stage within 2 weeks. Pneumothorax occurred 4 weeks later, and was absorbed within 2 weeks. The remaining 6 patients presented progressive stage on admission, all of them advanced to severe stage within 1 to 2 weeks, and most of them presented diffused consolidation shadows, striation shadows and fibrosis of both lungs, obvious pleural adhesion, and extremely slow lesion absorption. ③ Treatment: 1 severe patient with pneumothorax 4 weeks after onset was given non-invasive mechanical ventilation. The remaining 6 critically ill patients were treated with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Five patients were treated with mechanical ventilation within 3 days after the occurrence of pneumothorax, and 1 patient was treated with mechanical ventilation after 11 days. ④ Outcome: 1 patient without endotracheal intubation was continuously given nasal high-flow oxygen therapy, and the condition was stable. Four of the 6 patients complicated with pneumothorax after endotracheal intubation died, and the other 2 patients successfully removed the drainage tube within 2 weeks of closed thoracic drainage, and their condition gradually stabilized.Conclusion:COVID-19 complicated with pneumothorax is a dangerous disease with poor prognosis, and should be paid adequate attention.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostate disease and one of the most common chronic diseases caused by aging in men. On the other hand, there has been no research on BPH using Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (A.distichum). Therefore, this study investigated the effects of A. distichum on BPH.MATERIALS/METHODS: A. distichum leaves were extracted with distilled water, 70% ethanol, and 95% hexane as solvents. Subsequently, the inhibitory effects of each A. distichum extract on androgen receptor (AR) signaling were evaluated in vitro. The testosterone-induced BPH model was then used to confirm the efficacy of A. distichum leaves in 70% ethanol extract (ADLE). RESULTS: ADLE had the strongest inhibitory effect on AR signaling. A comparison of the activity of ADLE by harvest time showed that the leaves of A. distichum harvested in autumn had a superior inhibitory effect on AR signaling to those harvested at other times. In the BPH rat model, the administration of ADLE reduced the prostate size and prostate epithelial cell thickness significantly and inhibited AR signaling. Subsequently, the administration of ADLE also reduced the expression of growth factors, thereby inactivating the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS An analysis of the efficacy of ADLE to relieve BPH showed that the ethanol extract grown in autumn exhibited the highest inhibitory ability of the androgen-signaling related factors in vitro. ADLE also inhibited the expression of growth factors by inhibiting the expression of the androgen-signaling related factors in vivo. Overall, ADLE is proposed as a functional food that is effective in preventing BPH.