AIM: To explore the possible role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and its novel analogues on a human osteosarcoma cell line (HOS-8603) proliferation. METHODS: Detecting the VDR mRNA and protein expression in HOS-8603 cells by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis, respectively. Using the method of transient transfection of a reporter gene (DR3-tk-CAT) for VDR to detect its function. The cell VDRas3 which stably expressed VDR antisense mRNA was used to observe the effect of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on the proliferation of HOS-8603 cells and the induction of p21 mRNA, one of the VDR target genes, when the VDR in the cells was blocked. RESULTS: HOS-8603 cells expressed the vitamin D receptor which functioned as a hormone-dependent transcriptional factor. When VDR in the HOS-8603 cells decreased, the cells lost the responsiveness to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 irrespective of either the induction of p21 gene expression or the cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: The effect of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 on the proliferation of the human osteosarcoma cell line HOS-8603 was mediated by its nuclear receptor VDR.

AIM: To investigate the effect of glucocorticoid receptor beta(GR?) on the transcriptional activation function of glucocorticoid receptor alpha(GR?) and elucidate the biological significance of glucocorticoid receptor beta. METHODS: GR? (pRSH-GR?) and GR? responsive reporter gene cat (pMMTV-cat) were cotransfected into human osteosarcoma cell line (HOS-8603). Transient transfectants were treated with dexamethasone and the activity of cat was determined by the method of ELISA. The expression p21 messenger RNA was detected by the method of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: GR? repressed the expression of reporter gene-cat in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of messenger RNA of p21, an endogenous target gene of GR?, was also inhibited by GR?. CONCLUSION: GR? can inhibit the transcriptional activation function of GR?. GR? may be an endogenous inhibitor of GR?.

AIM: To explore the possible role of p21 wafl gene in the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on a human osteosarcoma cell line (HOS-8603) proliferation and differentiation. METHODS: The effect of 1,25(OH) 2D 3 on the expression of p21 wafl mRNA was determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The human osteosarcoma cell line stably expressing the p21 wafl mRNA, which named HOS-p21 wafl , was constructed by lipofectamine transfection, and the expression of p21 wafl protein was detected by Western blot. Then the growth curve of the HOS-p21 wafl cells and the expression of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the HOS-p21 wafl cells were investigated. RESULTS: The expression of endogenous p21 wafl mRNA in HOS-8603 cells was induced by 1,25(OH) 2D 3 in a time-dependent manner, reaching the maximum at 4 h, and remaining the inducible action for up to 24 h over basal levels. The HOS-p21 wafl cells grew much slower than the control cells, only reaching 50% of the control ones when cultured for up to 6 days. Histochemical analysis showed that the expression of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the HOS-p21 wafl cells increased remarkably.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the p21 wafl mRNA expression induced by 1,25(OH) 2D 3 is one of important mechanisms responsible for the cellular effects of the hormone on HOS-8603 cells.

Objective To compare the clinical effects of HC video laryngoscope and fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB)in guidance of endotracheal intubation for patients undergoing cervical surgery.Meth-ods A total of 50 patients (ASA I or II)with cervical vertebra injury,nerve root cervical spondylopathy or cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou medical university were selected, all of whom were undergone selective cervical operations between March 2014 and June 2015.The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n =25):HC video laryngoscope group (group H)and FOB group (group F).After induction of anesthesia,HC video laryngoscope and FOB were used for tracheal intuba-tion.⑴ Intubation time and success rates of intubation were recorded,and visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the difficulty of intubation;⑵ Mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR),and rate-pressure product (RPP)before incubation (Tb),immediate after intubation (T0),and 1min after in-cubation (T1)were recorded;(3)Intubation-related complications were recorded.Results ⑴ The dura-tion of intubation (19.7 ±7.1 )s in the group H was significantly shorter than that of group F (51.9 ± 19.2)s (P <0.05).The one-time success rate of intubation in group H (92%)was higher than that of group F (64%),with statistically significant differences (P <0.05).Intubation was easier in group H (P <0.05).⑵ MAP,HR and RPP of group H at T0 were higher than those of group F.And at T1,there were no statistical differences between groups in MAP,HR and RPP (P >0.05).⑶ The incidence of complications (sore throat)was lower in group H (P <0.05).Conclusions Compared to FOB,HC vid-eo laryngoscope-guided selective cervical operation has the characteristics of higher success rate of intubat-ion,shorter operation time,and easier operation,more stable hemodynamics and lower incidence of intuba-tion complications.Therefore,HC video laryngoscope is a safe and effective method in the intubation for pa-tients undergoing cervical surgery.

Papers published by 70 public hospitals in Jilin Province from 2011 to 2015 were retrieved from CNKI, China Citations Database, and Wanfang Database. The scientific papers and their research hot spots were analyzed in aspects of the total number of published papers and different institutions-published papers, high output authors, cited papers, journals that published the papers, and foundation-supported papers in order to provide reference for subsequent research and policy-making.

ObjectiveTo analyze the etiologies and diagnosis of jaundice after liver transplantation during mid later stage and summarize the experience of clinical practice.Methods822 liver transplantation patients were collected from the Department of Internal Medicine, Organ Transplantation Institute in General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces between June 2005 and Dec.2008.The clinical data of these cases were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAmongst 822 patients,129 experienced jaundice after liver transplantation and the occurrence of jaundice ranged from 43 days to 39 months postoperation.Total bilirubin levels were from 27.4 to 503 μmol/L.The etiologies of jaundice and its percentage were as follow:59 cases of biliary complications (45.7％),36 of rejection (27.8％ ),11 cases of virus infection (8.5％),5 cases of drug-induced hepatic injury (3.9％),4 cases of tumor recurrence (3.1％),4 cases of Gilbert syndrome (3.1％),3.cases of dysfunction of papillary muscle (2.3％),2 cases of vascellum complication (1.6％),2 cases of radiation hepatitis (1.6％),1 case of hepatapostema (0.8％),2 cases of unknown reasons (1.6％),respectively.The jaundice of most patients (93％) got released while small part of patients (7％)failed to treatment,of whom 5 cases received liver re-transplantation and 4 cases died of disease progression.ConclusionThe etiologies of jaundice after liver transplantation during mid-later stage are diversiform and complex.And the etiological diagnosis is the premise to treat effectively.

Objective To summarize the clinical experiences in liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death donors. Methods The clinical data of 20 recipients who underwent liver transplantation from donation after cardiac death of 20 donors at the Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area from July 2006 to May 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was applied to donors with brain and cardiac death to avoid warm ischemia.Donors in type Ⅲ according to the Maastricht classification did not receive ECMO.Liver grafts were obtained 5 minutes after the stop of heartbeat of the donors.Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed on recipients.Seventeen recipients received end-to-end bile duct anastomosis and 3 received cholangioenterostomy.All the recipients were followed up regularly.The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method.Results Of the 20 donors,2 ( 10％ ) were in the type of Maastricht Ⅲ and 18 (90％) were donation after brain and cardiac death donors.Liver transplantation was successfully performed on all recipients,and the mean operation time,duration of anhepatic phase,mean volume of blood loss and duration of postoperative intensive care unit stay were (6.2 ± 2.7 ) hours,( 54 ± 13 ) minutes,( 2305 ± 1311 ) ml and (44 ±35) hours,respectively.There was no mortality during operation,and no recovering delay and non-function of the transplanted liver occurred.One recipient died of sepsis and 1 died of pulmonary infection at 1 month after operation,the other 18 recipients all survived.The longest survival time was 58 months.Conclusions Donation after cardiac death is the main source of liver grafts in China currently,and donation after brain and cardiac death is the main type.Establishment of rational flow-sheets of the donation after cardiac death and liver transplantation,rational application of ECMO for protecting the liver grafts are helpful for the work of organ donation after brain and cardiac death.

Objective To investigate the application and clinical value of donation after citizens death (DCD) in salvage liver transplantation (SLT).Method The clinical data of 12 recipients who underwent SLT from DCD of 12 donors at the Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area from October 2010 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Of the donors,there was one case of type of China-Ⅰ,2 cases of the type of China-Ⅱ and 9 cases of the type of China-Ⅲ.Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was applied to donation after brain and cardiac death to avoid warm ischemia.Of the recipients,6 met the Milan criteria,3 UCSF(The University of California,San Francisco) criteria and 3 Hangzhou criteria respectively.Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed on recipients.Eleven recipients received end-to-end anastomosis of the bile duct and followed up regularly.Result Liver transplantation was successfully performed on all recipients.No mortality during operation,no recovering delay and non-function of the transplanted liver occurred.Postoperative complications occurred in 4 cases,2 patients died,and 2 patients recovered and discharged after the second surgery.Ten recipients had a long-term survival.Two cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence were still alive after active treatment.The longest survival time was 42 months.All of them had no long-term complications such as biliary stricture.Conclusion The role and status of SLT in the treatment of HCC has become increasingly,and there will be more and more use of DCD donor in SLT.To ensure the DCD donors safely and effectively applied in SLT,we should grasp the characteristics of SLT,choose the appropriate DCD donor according to recipients,and rationally use the ECMO to protect the graft quality.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of liver transplant recipients who received liver grafts from HBsAg positive donors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond UCSF (University of California,San Francisco) Criteria.Method The medical records of patients who underwent HBsAg-positive donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma beyond UCSF Criteria from October 2008 to December 2012 at our hospital were analyzed retrospectively,including the existence status of HBV,graft function,tumor recurrence,and the survival after transplantation.Result A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study.One patient lost follow-up while the remaining 19 patients had complete follow-up data.All the patients were followed up until June 2013,with a median follow-up duration of 12 months (range 2-57 months).One patient died from postoperative abdominal bleeding and multiple organ failure at post-transplantative day 21.Five patients survived up to now,including 4 cases with disease-free survival,who has been surviving for 57,35,26 and 12 months respectively.The remaining all 14 patients died from tumor recurrence at different time points after transplantation.Entecavir was used alone in 19 patients and Entecavir combined with Adefovir dipivoxilalone were used as anti-HBV therapy in the recipients.At posttransplant day 45,all the recipients were positive for serum HBsAg and negative for serum HBVDNA,and the liver enzymatic criteria,coagulation criteria and the serum bilirubin restored to normal levels or within twice the upper limit of normal levels.Throughout the follow-up period,recipients were all positive for serum HBsAg,but there was no recurrence of hepatitis B.The 1-,2-,3-and 4-year cumulative survival rate was 48.0％,35.0％,18.7％ and 18.7％ respectively.Conclusion The HBsAg positive liver may be used as a donor in liver transplantation and the graft probably works well after the operation.Liver transplantation may prolong the survival and improve the quality of life,even achieve long-term disease-free survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma beyond UCSF Criteria.The use of nucleotide analogue only,instead of combination with hepatitis B immune globulin,can also bring HBV well under control in liver transplant recipients with HBsAg positive donors.

Objective To compare the impact of the sirolimus and tacrolimus on the tumor recurrence after liver transplantation due to HCC beyond Milan criteria.Method Sixty-one liver transplantation recipients due to HCC beyond Milan criteria,between Jan.2008 and Apri.2012,were randomized,with the informed consent,into two different immunosuppression groups: sirolimus group (n=30) and tacrolimus group (n=31).In tacrolimus group,tacrolimus was used as the basic immunosuppressant,methylprednisolone was discontinued within one month postoperatively,and mycophenolate mofetil was used within the dosage of 1.5 g/d accordingly.In sirolimus group,the immunosuppresive scheme was the same as that of the tacrolimus group within postoperative one month,and from that,tacrolimus was transferred to sirolimus.No antineoplastic agents were given before tumor recurrence.The tumor recurrence rate and the survival rate of the recipients were compared between the two groups.Result The median follow-up duration was 35.2 months (10.3～ 60.2).The tumor recurrence rate at postoperative year 1,2,3 and 4 in the sirolimus group (13.3％,36.7％,43.3％ and 53.3％) was significantly lower than that in the tacrolimus group (38.7％,67.7％,74.2％ and 77.4％),P ＜ 0.05 for all.The one-year survival rate in the recipients postoperation had no significant difference between sirolimus group and tacrolimus group (90.0％ vs.87.1％,P=0.438).The 2-,3-and 4-year survival rate in the recipients was significantly higher in the sirolimus group (53.3％,33.3％ and 20.0％) than that in the tacrolimus group (41.9％,22.6％ and 9.7％),P ＜ 0.05 for all.The liver function and renal function of the recipients at the postoperative year 1,2,3 and 4 showed no significant difference between the two groups,P＞0.05.Conclusion In comparison with tacrolimus,sirolimus could significantly reduce the tumor recurrence rate and increase the survival rate for the liver transplant recipients due to HCC beyond Milan criteria.