A nationwide implementation has attempted to provide the right care to the right patient at the right time. For this, a regionalized system of emergency care, which aims to improve patient outcomes through the effective and efficient use of resources within a region, is important. The Korean Government has made considerable efforts to achieve the goal of regionalization of emergency medical care, current Regional Emergency Medical Plan requires careful consideration of its barriers. Therefore, this study evaluated the limitations of the existing Regional Emergency Medical Plan, and strategies for re-establishing Regional Emergency Medical Plan for the success of regionalized emergency medical system.

Objective: The Public Health Disaster Response Team (PHDRT) has been organized by the Community Health Center since 2016 under the National Disaster Response Frame. They are mobilized when a Mass-Casualty-Incident is expected to occur. This study sheds light on the disaster medical system by analyzing the awareness of the PHDRT on the disaster medical management capacity. Methods: To develop the questionnaire, a literature review was conducted. The questionnaire was distributed and obtained after inspecting the survey questionnaire filled out by the PHDRT. There were 254 samples. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. Results: Research has proven that the awareness of the disaster medical management capacity was 3.11 (rating 1-5). In detail, organizational capacity received the highest agreement score (3.54±0.84), while the budget and organization management was below the midpoint (2.73±0.83). Significant positive correlations were found between the capacity components, particularly the organizational capacity and cooperation system (r=0.71, P<0.01). The awareness was significantly different according to sex, age, job (type), total career, and task weight. The factors influencing the awareness of disaster medical management capacity included age, total career, and task weight. Conclusion The findings from awareness analysis suggest that national and systemic supports, as well as personal efforts, are necessary to strengthen the disaster medical management capacity.

Sex is an important factor in understanding the clinical presentation, management, and developmental trajectory of children with neuropsychiatric disorders. While much is known about the clinical and neurobehavioral profiles of males with neuropsychiatric disorders, surprisingly little is known about females in this respect. Animal models may provide detailed mechanistic information about sex differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in terms of manifestation, disease progression, and development of therapeutic options. This review aims to widen our understanding of the role of sex in autism spectrum disorder, by summarizing and comparing behavioral characteristics of animal models. Our current understanding of how differences emerge in boys and girls with neuropsychiatric disorders is limited: Information derived from animal studies will stimulate future research on the role of biological maturation rates, sex hormones, sex-selective protective (or aggravating) factors and psychosocial factors, which are essential to devise sex precision medicine and to improve diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, there is a strong need of novel strategies to elucidate the major mechanisms leading to sex-specific autism features, as well as novel models or methods to examine these sex differences.
Animals ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Autistic Disorder* ; Child ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Precision Medicine ; Psychology ; Rodentia* ; Sex Characteristics

Sociability is the disposition to interact with one another. Rodents have a rich repertoire of social behaviors and demonstrate strong sociability. Various methods have been established to measure the sociability of rodents in simple and direct ways, which includes reciprocal social interaction, juvenile social play, and three-chamber social tests. There are possible confounding factors while performing some of these tasks, such as aggression, avoidance of interaction by the stimulus mouse, exposure to a new environment, and lengthy procedures. The present study devised a method to complement these shortcomings and measure sociability as a group in the home cage setting, which prevents group-housed mice from isolation or exposure to a new environment. The home cage social test can allow high-throughput screening of social behaviors in a short amount of time. We developed two types of home cage setup: a home cage social target interaction test that measures sociability by putting the wire cage in the center area of the cage and a home cage two-choice sociability and social preference test that measures both sociability or social preference by putting cage racks at opposite sides of the cage. Interestingly, our results showed that the two types of home cage setup that we used in this study can extract abnormal social behaviors in various animal models, similar to the three-chamber assay. Thus, this study establishes a new and effective method to measure sociability or social preference that could be a complementary assay to evaluate the social behavior of mice in various setup conditions.
Aggression ; Animals ; Complement System Proteins ; Interpersonal Relations ; Mass Screening ; Methods ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Rodentia ; Social Behavior