Objective To explore the feasibility of using portable γ spectrometer to rapidly identify the low activity of depleted uranium and the underlying conditions.Methods Firstly,high purity germanium (Ge) γ spectrometer was used to analyze energy spectrum of DU samples (5 g) and calculate nuclide percentage of 235U in an attempt to ascertain the properties of these DU samples.The portable γ spectrometer was used to provide the evidences for identification of DU samples.Secondly,portable γ spectrometer was also used to identify DU samples of same group.These samples contain 1 g DU powder and 0-5 g environmental clay powder,which were sealed with double layer pocket,and then detected with a distance of 1-5 cm during the longest detection time of 10 min.According to the detection of nuclide activity of 238U and 235U in the samples and the subsequent calculation of specific activity,the nuclide percentage composition was calculated and the existence of DU was confirmed if this value of 235U was less than 0.718％.Results The activity of 238U was detected using portable γ spectrometer under all test conditions,while the activity of 235U was detectable only under certain test conditions (MA ≥ 1 g,DN ≤ 1 cm).Under the condition that the 238U and 235U was both detected,the nuclide percentage of 235U was all less than 0.718％,which suggested that the DU was confirmed.Conclusions The energy spectrum of low activity of DU and the type of nuclide could rapidly be identified and evaluated by using portable γ spectrometer.This is same as the conclusions obtained with high purity Ge γ spectrometer,α spectrometer and ICP-MS.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic responses to transsphenoidal surgery and medical therapy in terms of normalization of prolactin(PRL),mortality,morbidity and the cost-effectiveness of PRL normalization in order to establish an individualized therapeutic protocol for the patients with prolactinoma.Methods A retrospective study was undertaken of a consecutive series of patients with prolactinoma who were followed for at least 1 year after transsphenoidal surgery or medical treatment.The clinical characteristics and the long-term outcomes(normalization of PRL,morbidity or mortality)were assessed.Utilizing the principle of medical economics and data from the two types of treatment,we worked out a Markov chain and calculated the lowest cost of two kinds of therapeutic protocols.Results(1)The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in microadenoma was 85%(22/26),and that of medical treatment was 95%(19/20).There was no statistical difference between the two therapies(P＞0.05).The success rate of normalizing serum PRL through surgical treatment in macroadenoma was45%(19/42),and that of medical treatment was 5/5.There was a statistical difierence between the two therapies(P＜0.05).(2)According to the Markov model,it would cost a microprolactinoma patient 25 129.25 yuan to normalize serum PRL by surgical treatment.This is comparable to the cost of medical treatment which would be 24 943.99 yuan.Whereas for a macroprolactinoma patient surgery would cost 35 208.20 yuan and medical treatment would cost 25 344.38 yuan.Conclusions Medical therapy is superior to surgical treatment in regard to complication rate and cost-effectiveness for macro-and extra big prolactinomas.Transsphenoidal surgery remains an option for patients with microadenomas.Markov model is an effective way to predict the treatment cost for patients with hyperprolactinoma at different ages and with different canses

This article discussed how to separate examination from teaching but at the same time prevent the content of examination being out of joint with teaching when developing the warehouse and review course wares of the examination of emergency medical science,as well as how to make use of a computer to manage the warehouse and review course wares of emergency call medical science examination.

Objective To design upper limbs rehabilitation training system. Methods The system consisted of 3 dimension of freedom robotic arm, cable transmission component and central drive and control component. The central drive and control system were posed at the base and the movements were transmitted from the base to the upper 3 DOF robotic arm by the cable transmission component. 3 dimensional model of the device were developed and the kinematic was simulated in SolidWorks. The first prototype was made and tested. Results and Conclusion The device could execute the designing training steps exactly and meet the design requirements. The system could recognize the intent of users exactly and response well when the auto-movement trigger angle was more than 3.6°.

Objective To investigate the clinical and immunological features of rapid progressive interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (ⅡM).Methods The medical records of 146 adult ⅡM patients associated with ILD in Peking University People's Hospital from February 1996 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into three subgroups:the classic DM,PM and the clinical amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM),and were further stratified based on with or without rapid progressive ILD (RP-ILD).Chi-squared test was used for group comparisons of categorical data and independent-sample t test for numerical data.Results ① Among 146 patients,62 (42.5％) developed RP-ILD.The prevalence of RP-ILD in CADM was signifcantly higher than dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM).② ILD occurred after or at the same time with ⅡM in more than 90％ of patients.ILD arising before or simultaneously with DM (named early-onset ILD) tended to progress rapidly.③ For the DM group,mechanic's hands,fever,lymphopenia,hypoxemia,hypoalbuminemia,and the elevation of globulin α1 were associated with RP-ILD.CADM-ILD with weakness of swallow muscles,increasing C-reactive protein (CRP) and globulin α2,decreased vital capacity and the relatively high level of segmented granulocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid tended to undergo a rapid progressive clinical course.Additionally,the decreased free triiodothyronine (FT3) and the elevation of tumor markers including carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA),neuron specific enolase (NSE),cytokerantin-19-fragment (CYFRA211) and ferritin were significantly more frequent both in DM and CADM with RP-ILD (P＜0.05) patients.④ According to multivariate analysis,mechanic's hands [HR =31.747,95％CI (2.367,425.817),P=0.009] and the elevation of CEA [HR =57.047,95％CI (1.140,2 854.885),P=0.043] and CRP [HR=31.568,95％CI (1.818,548.093),P=0.018] were potential predictive factors for RP-ILD in DM and CADM patients,respectively.Conclusion The prevalence of RP-ILD in CADM is higher than DM and PM.ILD usually occurs after or simultaneously with ⅡM,early-onset ILD in DM patients tends to progressive rapidly.Increased tumor markers and decreased FT3 indicate the deterioration of disease.Mechanic's hands and the elevation of CEA and CRP are potential predictive factors for RP-ILD in DM and CADM patients,respectively.

Objective To investigate clinical effect of fluvastatin in the treatment of early diabetic nephropa-thy,to provide a reference for clinical treatment.Methods 90 patients with diabetic nephropathy were selected,the patients were divided into observation group(50 cases)and control group(40 cases).Conventional hypoglycemic ther-apy used in the control group,and valsartan treatment also used.The observation group received fluvastatin on the basis of treatment of control group.The efficacy,urinary albumin excretion rate,inflammatory markers,serum creatinine and other indicators and adverse reactions were compared.Results The effective rate of the observation group was 90.00%,which was significantly higher than 75.00% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.325,P <0.05).After treatment,the BUN,UAER,TC,TG,LDL of the observation group were (6.54 ± 1.24)mmol/L,(40.43 ±4.21)μg/min,(3.81 ±0.47)mmol/L,(2.51 ±0.34)mmol/L,(2.41 ±0.64)mmol/L, the improvement was better than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =5.547,5.225, 5.457,4.957,5.339,all P <0.05).After treatment,the CRP,IL -6,IL -18,TNF -αin the observation group and control group were significantly improved compared with before treatment,the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05 ).After treatment,the CRP,IL -6,IL -18,TNF -αlevels of the observation group were (4.14 ± 0.87)mg/L,(88.17 ±8.54)pg/mL,(139.64 ±9.48)ng/L,(40.17 ±5.22)ng/L,the improvement was better than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =6.914,6.357,5.847,7.054,all P <0.05 ). Conclusion Fluvastatin in the treatment of early diabetic nephropathy has good effect,which will help to improve inflammatory cytokines and proteinuria and protect renal function,it is worthy of clinical application.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC fingerprints for Dangua yangmu cream. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Kromasil C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.026% phosphoric(gradient elution)at flow rate of 0.8 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 270 nm,the column temperature was 25 ℃ and the injection volume was 20 μl. The chromatographic peak of aurantio-obtusin was used as reference peak to determine the 10 batches of Dangua yangmu cream,and Similarity Evalua-tion System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM(version 2.0)was conducted to identify common peaks and evaluate similari-ty. RESULTS:There were totally 25 common peaks in the 10 batches of Dangua yangmu cream,and the similarity was not lower than 0.921. The validation results showed the fingerprints of 10 batches of Dangua yangmu cream had good consistency with the ref-erence fingerprints. COMCLUSIONS:The established method is specific and reliable,and can provide basis for the quality evalua-tion and control of Dangua yangmu cream.

AIM:To investigate the effects of grape polyphenol ( GP) on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) in mice.METHODS:Two-month-old female mice of ICR strains (n=21) were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control ( NC) group, AP group, and GP-treated AP group.Before AP induction, the mice in GP-treated AP group were continuously administrated with 1.5 g/kg GP aqueous solution by gavage for 7 d, while those in NC group and AP group were treated with saline as a vehicle control.On the 7th day, the mice in AP group and GP-treated AP group were in-traperitoneally injected with caerulein (50μg/kg) in 1 h interval for 7 serial injections in total.The mice in NC group were treated with saline according to the same procedure in experimental group.All the mice were sacrificed 24 h after AP induc-tion, and the pancreatic tissues and lung tissues were harvested for further investigation of the pathological changes, macro-phages infiltration, myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) activity and expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress factors.RE-SULTS:Compared with AP group, the mice in GP-treated AP group showed milder morphological changes and lower path-ological scores, including the scores of edema, inflammation and vacuolization (P<0.05), but the necrosis scores and to-tal scores showed no statistical difference between these 2 groups.Besides, the mice in GP-treated AP group had fewer macrophage infiltration, lower lung MPO activity (P<0.01), and lower expression of inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) (P<0.05), and oxidative stress factors, superoxide dis-mutase (SOD)-1, SOD-2 and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX-2) (P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Grape polyphenol has remark-able protective effect on pancreatic tissues of mice with caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, and the mechanisms may be related to down-regulation of inflammatory and oxidative stress factors.

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.

Objective To investigate the role of oxidative stress in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells in rat model of peritoneal fibrosis and the effect of probucol on peritoneal fibrosis. Methods The rat model of peritoneal fibrosis was induced by 4.25% high glucose peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:the control group, the saline group, the peritoneal fibrosis group, and the probucol group. A 4 hour peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was performed 4 weeks later. The peritoneal function and net ultrafiltration (UF) volume were determined. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in peritoneal tissue were examined. The histology of peritoneal membrane was evaluated by light microscopy. E-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical method and Western blot.Results The mesothelial cells were detached from peritoneal membrane in peritoneal firbosis rats. Comparing with the control rats, the thickness of visceral peritoneum, the level of MDA, and the-SMA protein expression were increased while the net ultrafiltration volume, the level of GSH-Px and E-cadherin protein expression were decreased in peritoneal firbosis rats. All these changes were reversed in the rats treated with probucol.Conclusion Oxidative stress plays an important role in transdifferentiation of peritoneal mesothelial cell in the peritoneal fibrosis rats. Probucol can improve structure and function of peritoneum, and partially reverse the EMT by reducing the oxidative stress.