Objective To investigate the status of vitamin(Vit)B12 deficiency in elderly inpatients in department of neurology.Methods 827 patients admitted to the department of neurology of Shanghai Punan hospital from March 2007 to July 2008,aged 60 and older,with no severe hepatosis and renal disfunction,and without using VitB12 preparation for 3 months,were included in the study.The levels of serum VitB12,folate,homocysteine(Hcy) were tested to screened patients with VitB12 deficiency.The results of symptoms,positive signs of neurological system and the laboratory examination were analysed and compared between patients with or without VitB12 deficiency.Results There were 827 patients,with the mean age of(77.1?7.5)years old,fulfilled the enrolling criteria.VitB12 deficiency was found in 163 patients(19.7%).The prevalence was higher in female(21.9%)than male(17.4%),which had a tendency of increased with age.In the patients with VitB12 deficiency,the rate of complicating gastrointestinal diseases was higher.Compared with patients with normal serum VitB12 level,there were more cases suffered from unstable gait(27.0%),hypopallesthesia(34.4%),and more cases combined with some chronic diseases such as cerebral infarction(62.6%),hypertension(68.7%),coronary heart disease(39.9%).77% cases had neuroelectricphysiological abnormalities,but only 9.82% cases had megaloblastic anemia.Conclusions VitB12 deficiency is common in elderly inpatients in neurology department,whose clinical manifestations are various and atypical,and the neurological symptoms are more common than megaloblastic anemia.

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of measurement instrument of nurses' humanistic practice ability (MIHPA).Methods By means of literature analysis,interviewing with experts and two rounds of Delphi with 17 nursing management and nursing education experts,we got preliminary evaluation questionnaire.680 nurses from three level of first-class hospital were selected by convenient sampling,who took part in the survey on nurses' humanistic practice ability.After two weeks,we re-measured 50 nurses.Such methods as exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were used to screen and assess the questionnaire entries.Results The exploratory factor analysis indicated that the measurement instrument of nurses' humanistic practice ability was composed of five principal components,the five principal components could explain 65.137％ of the total variance.Confirmatory factor analysis showed x2/df=2.158,CFI=0.952,NFI=0.915,RFI=0.901,IFI=0.953,TLI=0.944.Cronbach's α of the total scale was 0.933 and retest reliability was 0.822.Reliability of each subscales was 0.782～0.867 and retest reliability was 0.782～0.848.Conclusions The measurement instrument of nurses' humanistic practice ability,which contained 5 dimensions and 23 items,has good reliability and validity.

Objective To establish an experimental animal model of hypertriglyceridemic(HTG)panereatitis by using special lipoprotein lipase(LPL)deficient HTG heterozygous mice.Methods LPL deficient HTG heterozygous mice and wild type mice were divided into experiment group and control group,then each group was subdivided into 12 h,24 h subgroup.Acute pancreatitis(AP)was induced by caerulein intra-abdominal injection for 7 times(50μg/kg)at the interval of 1 h;the mice in the control group received same amount of normal ssline.The serum level of TG,amylase was determined,and morphologic changes were scored.Results The serum level of TG in LPL deficient HTG heterozygous mice was(3.55±0.27)mmol/L,which was significantly higher than that of wild type mice[(0.94±0.18)mmol/L,P＜0.05].The serum level of TG and amylase in heterozygous mice at 12 h was(3.55±0.27)mmol/L and(3685±484)U/L,which was significantly higher than those in wild type mice[(0.92±0.11)mmol/L and(2501±410)U/L,P＜0.05].The pancreatic tissue edema,necrosis,bleeding and inflammatory cell infiltration score was 3.94 ±0.21,3.94±0.21,1.84±0.25 and 1.84±0.25 in heterozygous mice,which was significantly higher than that of wild type mice(3.06±0.01,2.52±0.51,0.46±0.22 and 0.58±0.38,P＜0.05).Conclusions The serum level of TG was moderately and stably elevated in heterozygous mice.The mice developed more severe panereatitis after caemlein induction.which was an ideal experimental model for study of mechanism of HTG pancreatitis.

Aim To investigate the neuroprotective effects of osthole(Ost)on the primary cultured cortical neurons transfected with APP595/596 gene and its underlying mechanism.Methods Neonatal mouse cortical neurons were transfected with APP595/596 gene to establish AD cell models for the further study.Then,the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay,and the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)was assayed by LDH kit to evaluate the injury degree.Transferase-mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)was used to evaluate the cell apoptosis.The expression of β-amyloid peptide(Aβ)and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1(BACE1)was measured by immunofluorescence,while the miRNA-107 was measured by RT-PCR.Results Compared to model group,Ost could significantly improve the neurons viability,decrease the LDH release and prevent the apoptosis.Ost also inhibited the expression of Aβ and BACE1 at protein level,while enhanced the expression of miRNA-107 at gene level.Conclusion Ost plays a neuroprotective role in neurons transfected with APP595/596 gene in part through up-regulating miRNA-107.

Objective To investigate the effect of intramuscular and oral mecobalamin on hematologic markers and neurologic signs in elderly patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 3 groups,42 cases in each,including the intramuscular group (to receive mecobalamin therapy intramuscularly),the oral group ( to receive mecobalamin therapy orally) and the control group ( without mecobalamin therapy).The changes of hematologic markers including hemoglobin (Hb,g/L),mean corpuscular volume (MCV,fl),serum levels of vitamin B12 (ng/L),folate and total homocysteine (Hcy,μmol/L),and neurological signs before and after treatment were compared among these groups.Results Baseline characteristics among the three groups were similar.After a 6-month therapy,there were no differences in any markers in control group patients in comparison to baseline;for patients in the intramuscular group,the blood vitamin B12 levels increased from (139.13 ± 31.57)ng/L to (328.10 ± 42.35 )ng/L (P ＜ 0.001 ).Hcy levels decreased from (36.29 ± 16.23 )μmol/L to ( 18.23 ± 9.85 ) μmol/L ( P ＜ 0.001 ).Hb rose from ( 125.34 ± 16.21 ) g/L to ( 132.79 ± 15.98 )g/L (P =0.037).MCV reduced from (92.98 ±5.35)fl to (87.65 ±5.74)fl (P ＜0.001 ) ;For patients in the oral administration group,the blood vitamin B12 levels increased from ( 138.19 ± 29.95) ng/L to (487.79 ±32.21 ) ng/L ( P ＜ 0.001 ).Hcy levels decreased from ( 33.27 ± 11.51 ) μmol/L to ( 17.49 ± 10.13 ) μmol/L( P ＜ 0.001 ).Hb rose from ( 125.89 ± 17.65 ) g/L to ( 133.46 ± 16.26) g/L ( P =0.041 ).MCV reduced from (93.08 ± 5.10 ) fl to ( 89.29 ± 5.37 ) fl ( P =0.001 ).After the 6-month therapy,there were somewhat improvement in MMSE scores of the intramuscular ( 28.24 ± 3.89 vs.27.85 ± 3.56,P =0.633 ) and the oral groups (27.97 ± 3.77 vs.27.34 ± 3.15,P =0.408 ) compared with baseline,but the differences were not significant.The achilles tendon reflex of the intramuscular ( 1.86 ± 0.67 vs.1.56 ± 0.61,P =0.035 ) and the oral groups ( 1.79 ± 0.64 vs.1.43 ± 0.51,P =0.006 ) were enhanced compared with baseline.Foot vibration sensation of the intramuscular ( 1.35 ± 0.37 vs.1.06 ± 0.41,P =0.001 ) and the oral groups ( 1.24 ± 0.52vs.1.01 ± 0.43,P =0.03) were improved compared with baseline.After treatment,the serum VitB12 concentration in the oral group were higher than that of the intramuscular group ( P ＜ 0.001 ).There were no significant differences in other indexes between the two groups.Conclusion Mecobalamin,administered either intramuscularly or orally,may improve the hematologic markers and neurologic signs in elderly patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.

The study aims to establish a method for simultaneous determination of repaglinide and pravastatin sodium in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and to study its pharmacokinetic interactions. Eighteen male SD rats were divided into repaglinide group, pravastatin sodium group and co-administration group. Blood samples were collected at different times after oral administration. Repaglinide and pravastatin sodium in rat plasma were separated by Agilent HC-C18 with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.1% formic acid (80 : 20). Detection and quantification were performed by using ESI-MS. The detector was operated in selected Reaction-monitoring mode at m/z 453.3-->230.1 for repaglinide, m/z 447.2-->327.4 for pravastatin sodium and m/z 285.1-->192.9 for diazepam as the internal standard. The calibration curve obtained was linear (R2>0.99) over the concentration range of 9.77-10,000 ng.mL-1 for repaglinide and 4.88-625 ng.mL-1 for pravastatin sodium. Compared with the single administration group, Cmax and AUC0-6h of repaglinide increased significantly (P<0.05) and tmax of pravastatin sodium prolonged (P<0.05) in co-administration group. The method is found to be simple, sensitive and accurate for determining the concentration of repaglinide and pravastatin sodium in rat plasma. There exists pharmacokinetic interactions in the co-administration of repaglinide and pravastatin sodium.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of hyponatremia and the relationship between hyponatremia and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) for in-hospital patients. Methods: A total of 515 consecutive in-hospital DCM patients treated in HF center of Fu Wai Hospifal from 2008-10 to 2013-10 were retrospectively studied. Hyponatremia was deifned as the serum level of sodium < 135 mmol/L at ifrst admission. The prevalence of hyponatremia and the relationship between hyponatremia and DCM prognosis were studied including the risk of in-hospital time and mortality, the rates of all cause death and HF worsening death after discharge. Surviving patients were followed-up by clinical or telephone visit until 2014-11 or until the death. Results: There were 134/515 (26.0%) patients suffered from hyponatremia at admission, the serum level of sodium was related to HF symptom duration, NYHA functional classiifcation, systolic blood pressure (SBP), left atrial diameter and total bilirubin level, allP<0.01. Compared with non-hyponatremia, the patients with hyponatremia presented longer in-hospital time(14.8±11.1) days vs (11.2±5.8) days and higher in-hospital mortality (18.7% vs 1.8%), bothP< 0.01. There were 483 survivors discharged and were followed-up for (30.7 ± 19.5) months, during that period, the rates of all cause death and HF worsening death were 26.5% and 21.9% respectively. The patients with hyponatremia had the higher rates of all cause death (47.7% vs 20.3%) and HF worsening death (44.0% vs 15.5%), bothP<0.01. Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that with adjusted HF history (> 6 months vs≤ months ), NYHA functional classiifcation (Ⅱ-Ⅳ), SBP (per 10 mmHg elevation), total bilirubin level (per 1 mg/dl change) and LVEDD (per 5 mm change), the hyponatremia at admission is still one of the important independent predictors for all cause death (HR=1.836, 95% CI (1.248-2.702),P<0.01 and HF worsening death HR=2.139, 95% CI (1.406-3.253),P<0.01 in DCM patients after discharge. Conclusion: Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disorder for in-hospital DCM patients, it is related to longer in-hospital time and higher mortality; higher rates of all cause death and HF worsening death after discharge in DCM patients.

Aim To investigate the effects of osthole ( Ost) on the ability of proliferation and differentiation in APP transduced neural stem cells( NSCs) , and neu-ronal apoptosis, in order to find related mechanism. Methods A model of Alzheimer′s disease( AD) cells was successfully established by transducing APP gene into NSCs in vitro. The ability of proliferation and dif-ferentiation was tested by staining. The viability of NSCs was determined by using CCK-8 assay. The cell apoptosis was tested by Hoechst 33258 staining. The expression of GSK-3β and β-catenin mRNA was deter-mined by RT-PCR. The expression of GSK-3β and β-catenin protein was determined by Western blot. Re-sults The ability of proliferation had increased by 10 . 24% with Ost treatment, compared with APP group. The ability of differentiation had increased by 6 . 74%with Ost treatment, compared with APP group. The vi-ability of NSCs had increased and cell apoptotic rate had decreased significantly. From the results of RT-PCR and Western blot, we could find the expression of GSK-3βmRNA and protein had decreased, and the ex-pression of β-catenin mRNA and protein had increased significantly, compared with APP group. Conclusion Ost could enhance the ability of proliferation and dif-ferentiation into more neurons of NSCs transducing APP gene, and reduce neuronal apoptosis. It might be relat-ed with activiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and predictor for left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR) in patients of primary hypertension combining left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) with tailored medication.
Methods: A total of 118 consecutive patients admitted in our unit from 2010-08 to 2012-10 with the base line left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≤40%were enrolled. The demographic and clinical information with the findings of echocardiography at admission were collected. The patients were followed-up until 2013-12 or until the all cause death/cardiac transplantation. According to echocardiography, LVRR was deifned by 2 criteria at the same time:①the absolute elevation of
LVEF≥10%than base line and the follow-up LVEF≥50%,②the relative reduction of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) index≥10%than base line and the follow-up LVEDD index≤27 mm/m2. LVRR prevalence with its base line predictor was investigated.
Results: The overall mean follow-up time was (23 ± 15) months, and 39/118 (33.1%) patients acquired LVRR as LVEF from the base line level (30.6 ± 6.8)%increased to the follow-up level (57.0 ± 4.9)%;LVEDD index from the base line level (31.6 ± 3.9) mm/m2 decreased to the follow-up level (24.4 ± 1.9) mm/m2, all P<0.01. The average time length for reaching LVRR was (11 ± 9) months, and 27/39 (69.2%) patients reached LVRR within 12 months. There were 79 patients not reached to LVRR, while their LVEF also from the base line level (28.6 ± 6.1)%increased to the follow-up level (39.0 ± 13.2)%;LVEDD index from the base line level (38.1 ± 5.6) mm/m2 decreased to the follow-up level (36.1 ± 6.9) mm/m2. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the patients with the shorter duration of heart failure (HF) as>6 months vs≤6 months (OR=0.244, P<0.01), shorter QRS interval as≥120ms vs<120ms (OR=0.276, P<0.05) and the higher quartile of systolic blood pressure (SBP)/LVEDD index (OR=2.724, P<0.01) at admission were the independent predictors for LVRR.
Conclusion:With tailored medication, about 1/3 of patients with hypertension combining LVSD could acquire LVRR, the patients with shorter duration of HF, shorter QRS interval and higher ratio of SBP/LVEDD index had more possibilities.

AIM:To explore the protective effect of osthole on the SH-SY5Y cells transfected with APP595/596 gene, and to investigate the molecular mechanism.METHODS:The SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with APP595/596 gene in vitro for establishing a cell model to study the pathogenic role of amyloid β-protein ( Aβ) .The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.The release of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) was determined by the colour reaction of dia-phorase-INT.The cell apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry.The expression of β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 ( BACE1) at mRNA and protein levels was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.The expression of Aβwas measured by the technique of immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blot.RESULTS: Treatment with osthole inhibited the LDH release, and increased the viability of the cells.The percentage of apoptotic cells was also significantly decreased. Osthole also inhibited the expression of BACE1 at mRNA and protein levels and the protein expression of Aβ.CONCLU-SION:Osthole has protective effect on SH-SY5Y cells transfected with APP595/596 gene.The mechanism may be associ-ation with inhibiting the mRNA and protein expression of BACE1.