Aim To research into the effect of diltiazem on cytokines expression in mononuclearcells induced by concanavalin A.Methods Ficoll density gradient centrifugation was used to separate the mononuclearcells from rat's spleen.There were 3 groups including control, Con A, diltiazem-Con A group in the study.The cytokines expressions in supernatant were detected by ELISA.Results Compared with control, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 were increased significantly in Con A group with low level IL-1β and non level TGF-β_1.But in diltiazem-Con A group, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 were decreased significantly compared with Con A group.Conclusion Diltiazem inhibits IL-10, TNF-α, IL-6 expressions in mononuclearcells induced by Con A.

Aim To explore the cardiac cytokine expression in rat model of myocardial calcium overload, and the intervention from diltiazem.Methods The intracellular Ca~(2+) overload was induced by the isolated rat heart subjected to 5 min Ca~(2+) depletion and 30 min Ca~(2+) repletion (Ca~(2+) paradox) by the Langendorff technique.There were five groups in this study, including Ca~(2+) overload group, normal control group, Ca~(2+) depletion control group, Ca~(2+) overload-diltiazem group, and Ca~(2+) depletion-diltiazem group.The views of myocardial pathology and ultrastruction were observed by electron microscope and light microscope respectively. The cardiac intracellular [Ca~(2+)]_i was detected by atom spectrophotometer. The expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, L-6, TGF-β1, and IL-10 was detected by RT-PCR method.Results In Ca~(2+) overload group, few inflammatory cells were found in myocardium under the light microscope. And the views of electron microscope presented that cardiocyte membranes, nucleolus, and mitochondria were disorganized obviously.Compared with normal control group, the inflammatory cytokines as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased significantly whereas there was nearly no difference of the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in Ca~(2+) overload group.Ca~(2+) overload-diltiazem group showed that TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were decreased significantly. There were no statistical differences in the structure of myocardium, intracellular [Ca~(2+)]_i, and cardiac cytokines expressions in the three control groups, including normal control group, Ca~(2+) depletion control group and Ca~(2+) depletion-diltiazem group.Conclusions Instead of TGF-β1 and IL-10, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 is increased obviously in myocardium of calcium paradox model. Diltiazem can inhibit the cardiac expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by myocardial calcium overload.

Ca2+ activity has been found to associate with the immunity and inflammation within cardiovascular diseases in recent years. Researchers have begun to focus on the effect of calcium channel blockers, which could modify the immunity and inflammation. This review presented the mechanism underlying the concentration and activation of Ca2+ influenced the response of immunity and inflammation and how calcium channel blockers interfered with it, which may have potential in treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To explore the effects of diltiazem on ventricular remodeling and inflammation in rat heart following acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods:The model of AMI rats was randomly divided into diltiazem group(D group)and control group(AMI group),besides another group of sham operation(S group).The data of ejection fraction(EF) and the left ventricular mass(LVM)were examined with echocardiography,and leukocyte infiltration in situ was analyzed on the HE staining slices,with the expression of proinflammatory cytokines(IL-I?,IL-6,TNF-?)detected by RT-PCR at 1d,3d,1w,2w and 4w intervals after AMI.Results:The results from echocardiography showed that EF increased(73.7?3.1% vs 61.0?2.6%)and LVM decreased(0.81?0.12g vs 0.92?0.12g),both significantly in D group at 4w,compared with those of the AMI group(P

Aim To research the effect of diltiazem on cytokine expression and inflammatory cell activity in rat heart with ischemia/reperfusion.Methods The rats, underwent ischemia reperfusion, were divided into three groups:diltiazem group(D group),ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group),and sham group (Sgroup).Echocardiogram was detected at 1,2,4 weeks after operation. RT-PCR was used to detect the inflammatory cytokines as IL-1β,TNF-α, IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokines as IL-10,TGF-β.Results Compared with I/R group,EF were increased and LVM, IL-β,TNF-α,IL-6 reduced significantly in D group.There was no significant/difference for IL-10 and TGF-β in three groups .Conclusion Diltiazem inhibits IL-1β,TNF-α, IL-6 expressions and inflammatory cell infiltration in rat heart with ischemia reperfusion.

Objective To explore the influence of ozone therapy on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) in synovial fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis,and to investigate the possible mechanism.Methods Sixty-two patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into observation group and control group by random digits table method with 31 cases each.The patients of observation group were treated with ozone,while the patients of control group were treated with hyaluronic acid once a week for 5 weeks.The efficacy was evaluated and the level of hs-CRP and MMP-3 in synovial fluid were detected before and after treatment.Results The total effective rate in observation group was 100.00％ (31/31),significantly higher than that in control group [87.10％ (27/31)],and there was significant difference (x2 =4.28,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the level of hs-CRP and MMP-3 in observation group was (6.68 ±2.15) mg/L,(69.84 ± 16.97) μ g/L,significantly lower than that in control group [(8.72 ± 2.39) mg/L,(85.43 ± 19.52) tμ g/L],and there was significant difference (t =3.53,3.36,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion There is significant effect of ozone therapy of patients with knee osteoarthritis,its mechanism may be reducing the level of MMP-3 and inhibiting inflammatory reaction.

Objective To investigate the causes of complications induced by peripherally inserted central catheters(PICC)in cancer patients and summarize pertinent nursing measures.Method The clinical data of 26 tumor patients with PICC were analyzed retrospectively .Result The complications occurred in 8 patients with a rate of 30.8%, among which unsuccessful catheteration occurred in 1 case,oozing of blood at the mouth of catheter in 1 case,phlebitis in 1 case,dislocation in 1 case,skin allergy-like reactions in 2 cases and catheter emersion in 1 case,catheter breaking in 1 case and dislocation in 2 cases.Conclusion The skilled operation,preventive maintenance of catheters and health education to the patients are the important measures for prevention and reduction of the complications.

Objective:To study the autoimmune response against self myocardial tissue in an experimental rats model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and reveal a potential role of autoimmune mediated myocardial injury involved in ventricular remodeling after AMI.Methods:An experimental animal model of AMI was adopted by in vivo ligation of left anterior descending branch (LAD) in Wistar rats After six weeks, spleens were removed and splenocytes were collected About 100?10 6～150?10 6 splenocytes were freshly transferred to syngeneic inbred rats Four weeks later, these recipient rats were anesthetized for hemodynamics analysis by catheter technique Antibody against cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) was screened by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay Histopathological studies were performed on all hearts Results:The antibody against cardiac MHC was positive in 8 of 22 AMI rats and recipient rats, and in 0 of 20 sham operation and recipient rats,P

ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical significance of serum free light chains (sFLC) in diagnosis and response to the therapies of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).MethodssFLC (κ,λ and κ / λ ratio)were examed by immumoassay from 62 patients with MM at different stage. The results were analyzed associated with clinical data,and 35 cases of chronic renal failure(CRF)patients and 62 cases of healthy donors were taken as controls.ResultsMedium sFLC of normal κ value was (13.25±6.46) mg/L,λ value was (18.39±11.42) mg/L; and κ / λ ratio was (0.97±0.64) mg/L (range 0.33-1.61).sFLC κ and λ of CRF patients were (200.01±299.87) mg/L,(191.02±245.98) mg/L,significantly higher than that of the normal control group (t =-17.804,-16.894,both P ＜ 0.001),but the κ/λ ratio was at normal range (1.11±0.29).κ value range was at 16.20- 35 250 mg/L in newly diagnosed intact immunoglobulin MM patients with IgGκ,IgAκ and IgDκ type.The range of λ values was 15.70-4885 mg/L in IgGλ,IgAλ,IgDλ type,and κ/λ ratio was abnormal in 96.5 ％ (55/57) patients (＜0.5 or ＞1.5).The κ,λ value and κ/λ ratio were close to that of the normal after remmision.ConclusionsFLC ( κ,λ,and κ / λ ratio) are very good monitoring markers for MM.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlation factors and preventive measures of lower respiratory tract infection after general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway.METHODS In surgery 158 cases of general anesthesia with laryngeal mask ventilation in gynecology and orthopedic wards were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS Forty-three cases were found in hospitals with lower respiratory tract infection,accounting for 83% of the total lower respiratory tract infection in the wards at the same period.CONCLUSIONS The anesthesia way,the age,the operation time,whether gastric tube,the abuse of antibiotics and whether the anesthesia equipments strictly disinfected and managed may be the important factors which can cause the lower respiratory tract infection.