Various collateral circulations were detected by 2D color Doppler flow imaging(2DCDFI)in the part of 70 patients of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension,including reopened umbilical veins,dilated focal intrahepatic veins,dilating,hepatofugal centrifugal hepatic blood flow in the portalveins,perisplenic and retroperitoneai varices etc.Red and blue blood flows were detected in the collateral circulations by 2D-CDFI and appeared as continuous venous spectrum with low velocity blood volume could be calculated to evaluat the therapeulic effectiveness of portal-systemic shunt operation.

Objective To evaluate the appearances of osteochondral fracture of the knee on X-ray and MR imaging. Methods Twelve patients with knee acute injury were examined with X-ray and MRI. The findings of MRI and X-ray were analyzed and reviewed, and the results of each patient were confirmed by arthroscopy and operation. Results Thirteen areas of osteochondral fracture including 9 loose bodies in 12 patients were diagnosed by MRI. Seven locations were found by MRI in the distal lateral femoral condyle, and 6 in patellar. MRI could clearly show the location, the size, and the depth of each osteochondral fracture, and MRI could also differentiate the articular cartilage and the subchondral of the loose body. T 2WI, STIR, and FFE-T 2WI were the best sequences to demonstrate the osteochondral fracture. X-ray showed 5 loose bodies in the knee joint, but could not detect where they came from. Conclusion MRI can accurately reveal and diagnose the osteochondral fracture of knee after trauma, which improves the diagnostic certainty and is very helpful for arthroscopy and operation. X-ray is still the initial modality in detecting the osteochondral fracture of knee and should be combined with MRI to confirm the diagnosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of medication management and symptom management skills-training for preventing schizophrenics' relapse and rehabilitating their mental handicaps.Methods133 subjects were randomly assigned to the skills training group and the control group. Both groups received the same treatment, but the skills training courses were given to the skills training group for the first twenty weeks. One-year follow-up was carried out. All subjects were evaluated with standard rating scales and self-complied drug treatment compliance rating scale. Results128 subjects had completed the research. The skills training group demonstrated clinical results significantly superior to those of the control group on overall improvement according to the total score of the drug treatment compliance rating scale, the rate of relapse, the rate of re-hospitalization and the rate of effectiveness of minimizing handicap(147.9±53.2 vs. 90.4±16.3, 146.1±20.0 vs. 91.7±16.7;12.5% vs. 55%; 3.2% vs. 39.6%;86.5% vs. 26.5%, P<0.01).Conclusions The two kinds of skills training are effective in both preventing the relapse of schizophrenics in the community and minimizing their handicap.

Objective:To evaluate the role of silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factors E2-related factor2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in berberine-induced reduction of renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice.Methods:Thirty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 18-22 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), renal I/R group (RIR group), berberine+ I/R group (B group), berberine+ I/R+ SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 group (BE group) and berberine+ I/R+ Nrf2 inhibitor ATRA group (BA group). After the right kidney was removed, the left renal artery was clamped for 45 min followed by reperfusion to establish the model of renal I/R injury.In B, BE, and BA groups, berberine 100 mg·kg -1·d -1 was given for intragastric administration at 14 days before surgery.In group BE and group BA, EX527 5 mg·kg -1·d -1 and ATRA 10 mg·kg -1·d -1 were injected intraperitoneally at 3 days before surgery, respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was given for 14 consecutive days in group S and group RIR.Blood samples were collected from orbital vein at 24 h of reperfusion for measurement of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations, for determination of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) contents (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and expression of SIRT1, Nrf2, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC), caspase-1, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain (NLRP3) (by Western blot) and for examination of the pathological changes of renal tubules (with a light microscope). The damage to the renal tubules was scored. Results:Compared with group S, the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN, the contents of renal IL-1β and TNF-α and renal tubular injury score were significantly increased in RIR, B, BE and BA groups, the expression of SIRT1, Nrf2, ASC, caspase-1 and NLRP3 was up-regulated in RIR, BE and BA groups, and the expression of SIRT1, Nrf2, caspase-1 and NLRP3 was up-regulated in group B ( P<0.05). Compared with group RIR, the concentrations of serum Cr and BUN, the contents of renal IL-1β and TNF-α and renal tubular injury score were significantly decreased in B, BE and BA groups, the expression of SIRT1 and Nrf2 in group B, Nrf2 and ASC in BE group and SIRT1, ASC and caspase-1 in BA group was up-regulated, and the expression of ASC, caspase-1 and NLRP3 in group B, SIRT1 and NLRP3 in BE group and Nrf2 in BA group was down-regulated ( P<0.05). Compared with group B, the serum concentrations of Cr and BUN, the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α and renal tubular injury score were significantly increased in BE and BA groups, the expression of ASC, caspase-1 and NLRP3 in BE and BA groups was up-regulated, and the expression of SIRT1 in BE and Nrf2 in BA groups was down-regulated ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway is involved in the process of berberine-induced reduction of renal I/R, which is related to inhibiting pyroptosis in mice.

Ocular diseases include various anterior and posterior segment diseases. Due to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye, efficient ocular drug delivery is a great challenge to researchers and pharmacologists. Although there are conventional noninvasive and invasive treatments, such as eye drops, injections and implants, the current treatments either suffer from low bioavailability or severe adverse ocular effects. Alternatively, the emerging nanoscience and nanotechnology are playing an important role in the development of novel strategies for ocular disease therapy. Various active molecules have been designed to associate with nanocarriers to overcome ocular barriers and intimately interact with specific ocular tissues. In this review, we highlight the recent attempts of nanotechnology-based systems for imaging and treating ocular diseases, such as corneal d iseases, glaucoma, retina diseases, and choroid diseases. Although additional work remains, the progress described herein may pave the way to new, highly effective and important ocular nanomedicines.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has a promising future in the treatment of ocular diseases due to its high efficiency, specificity, and low toxicity in inhibiting the expression of target genes and proteins. However, due to the unique anatomical structure of the eye and various barriers, delivering nucleic acids to the retina remains a significant challenge. In this study, we rationally design PACD, an A-B-C type non-viral vector copolymer composed of a hydrophilic PEG block (A), a siRNA binding block (B) and a pH-responsive block (C). PACDs can self-assemble into nanosized polymeric micelles that compact siRNAs into polyplexes through simple mixing. By evaluating its pH-responsive activity, gene silencing efficiency in retinal cells, intraocular distribution, and anti-angiogenesis therapy in a mouse model of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, we demonstrate the efficiency and safety of PACD in delivering siRNA in the retina. We are surprised to discover that, the PACD/siRNA polyplexes exhibit remarkable intracellular endosomal escape efficiency, excellent gene silencing, and inhibit retinal angiogenesis. Our study provides design guidance for developing efficient nonviral ocular nucleic acid delivery systems.