OBJECTIVE To verify the effect of batch monitoring system insteod of the indicator in the package.METHODS From Apr 17,2007 to Jul 29,2008,the batch monitoring system was used to monitor the sterilization effect of each batch,at the same time,inside each package we placed the indicator as control.RESULTS A total of 7057 batches were monitored,in which 7051 were eligible,and among 166870 packages in all,the indicators were all eligible,which included 56600 dressing packages and 110270 instrument packages.There was no difference between batch monitoring system and indicators.CONCLUSIONS The effect of batch monitoring system is credible,and the indicator inside package can be replaced.

AIM: To explore the transport and delivery of active drug from dexamethasone-angelica sinensis polysaccharides prodrug in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. METHODS: Dexamethasone and the prodrug were orally administered to rats at the dose of 1.96 mg?kg~ -1 (calculated by carried dexamethasone). The drugs in the plasma and contents of different parts of the rats' gastrointestinal tract were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Dexamethasone carried by the prodrug was mainly released in the contents and mucosa of cecum and colon after oral administration of the prodrug. The absorption of released dexamethasone was reduced significantly. The peak time, peak concentration and AUC were 7.2 h , 42 ?g?L~ -1 and 334 ?g?h?L~ -1 , respectively. However, free dexamethasone was found mainly in the contents and mucosa of the stomach, proximal and distal small intestine after oral administration. The peak time, peak concentration and AUC were 2.2 h, 2 120 ?g?L~ -1 and 11 875 ?g?h?L~ -1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone can be specifically delivered to the cecum and colon by using dexamethasone- angelica sinensis polysaccharides prodrug. The absorption of dexamethasone was reduced significantly and the drug concentration in colon was increased significantly. The prodrug has a potential in the treatment of colitis.

Aim To study the gender-based difference in genistein metabolism in rat liver microsomes in vitro.Methods Liver microsomes was obtained from male and female rats.The optimized system of enzyme catalytic reaction of genistein in rat liver microsomes was set up.The reaction velocity of genistein in female and male rat liver microsomes was assessed by incubating genistein with CYP1A2 antibody or specific CYP1A2 inhibitor furafylline,and the percentage of the relative metabolism of genistein of CYP1A2 was derivated by using the data of the reaction velocity.Results The metabolism of genistein by microsomes was inhibited by CYP1A2 antibody(1 ∶400)after incubation for 30 min.The percentage of the control metabolism of genistein of microsomes in male and female rat were 20.95%?2.13% and 13.73%?1.26%respectively(P

AIM:To explore the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone Angelica sinensis polysaccharide prodrug(DEX-AP) on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS) induced ulcerative colitis(UC) in rats and its side effects.METHODS: The experimental UC rats were induced by clusis of the solution of TNBS in 45% alcoho1(50(mg?ml~(-1))).The UC rats were orally administrated with(0.25)(?mol?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) DEX and(0.05),(0.25),(1.25)(?mol?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) DEX-AP(calculated by carried DEX in DEX-AP) for 7 days,respectively.The rats were killed after the amount of peripheral blood lymphocyte was counted,then the spleen,thymus and colon were separated and weighted.After the ulcerative area of colon was calculated,the colonic myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity was determined and parts of colon were paraffin sectioned and examined under light microscope by HE stain.RESULTS: After the UC rats were administrated with different doses of DEX-AP for 7 days,the ulcerative area,the weight and the MPO activity of colon reduced significantly.The reduction of MPO activity was correlated to the dose of DEX-AP and the MPO activity with DEX-AP at the doses of(0.25),(1.25)(?mol?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) reduced more significantly than that with DEX at the the dose of(0.25)(?mol?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)).The number of peripheral blood lymphocyte,spleen weight and thymus weight of UC rats reduced significantly at the dose of(0.25)(?mol?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) DEX(P

The nephrotoxicity of gentamicin (GM) has been widely recognized. Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) has been reported to be a cytoprotectant. However, its cytoprotective effect against GM induced kidney injury has not yet been studied. In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effect of HSP72 on GM-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro. Human Kidney tubular cell line, HK-2 cells were divided into four groups: control group, GM group (cells incubated with GM only), heat shock (HS) group (cells incubated at 43 degrees C for 30 min), and GM plus HS group, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenanse (LDH) release increased time-dependently from 24 hr to 96 hr compared to the data of cells treated with GM only. Results of NAG activities, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were similar to that of the LDH release. The amount of HSP72 positive cells increased significartly at 72 hr after cells were treated with GM only. Both HSP72 protein and gene expression increased significantly at 72 hr when cells were treated with GM. On the other hand, HS induced HSP72 expression markedly. Pretreatment of HS inhibited HK-2 cells from GM-induced injury. It could reduce LDH release and NAG activity. HS also increased SOD activity, and decreased MDA content when cells were damaged by GM. These findings suggested that HS may protect kidney cells from GM-induced injury. Pre-induction of HSP72 may provide therapeutic strategies for nephrotoxicity induced by GM.
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/secretion ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/chemistry/*drug effects ; Humans ; Heat ; HSP72 Heat-Shock Proteins/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Gentamicins/*toxicity ; Cytoprotection ; Cells, Cultured

Objective To retrieve the relevant evidence of ICU nurse ventilator alarm management and summarize the best evidence to provide a reference for ICU nurse ventilator alarm management decision.Methods The clinical decision,guideline,systematic evaluation,expert consensus and all kinds of original studies related to the alarm management of ICU nurses in PubMed,CINAHL,Embase,Web of Science,VIP,CNKI and Wanfang were searched from database construction until April 22,2023.The literature quality evaluation and result extraction were performed independently by 2 investigators.Results 14 articles were finally involved,including 4 guidelines,2 international standards,2 national standards,2 expert consensuses,3 systematic evaluations and 1 randomized controlled trial;combined with professional judgment,27 pieces of the evidence were summarized,including multidisciplinary teamwork,alarm monitoring and processing,alarm setting,alarm management requirements,alarm education and training and ventilator maintenance.Conclusion This study summarizes the best evidence of ventilator alarm management for ICU nurses,which can provide evidence-based bases for clinical decisions,solve clinical ventilator alarm problems in a scientific management way,and improve the quality of management.

Objective To examine the clinical distribution of primary intracranial tumors and analyze the risk factors for postoperative complications.Methods From January 2018 to December 2022,the clinical data of 961 patients with primary intracranial tumor in the Department of Neurosurgery of Tiantan Hospital in Beijing were collected and analyzed retrospectively.To examine the clinical distribution of patients with primary intracranial tumor and present the incidence of postoperative complications.To compare the basic data of patients with and without postoperative complications,and analyze the risk factors leading to postoperative complications.Results There were 363 cases of glioma,231 cases of meningioma,158 cases of sellar tumors,142 cases of neurilemmoma and 67 cases of other types of tumors.There were 679 cases of supratentorial tumors and 282 cases of infratentorial tumors.Postoperative complications occurred in 279 patients,and the incidence of postoperative complications was 29.03％.The incidences of intracranial infection,pulmonary infection,hyponatremia,lower extremity venous thrombosis and central nervous system infection were 9.37％,5.41％,4.99％,4.47％and 4.27％,respectively.After surgery,D-dimer(D-D),fibrin degradation products(FPD),prothrombin time(PT)in patients with primary intracranial tumors were significantly higher than those in patients without primary intracranial tumors(P<0.05).Activation of partial thromboplastin time(APTT),and thrombin time(TT)levels were significantly higher than those before surgery(P<0.05).Fibrinogen(FIB)was significantly lower than that before surgery(P<0.05).There were significant differences in tumor location,intraoperative blood loss,operation time,anesthesia recovery time and postoperative coagulation function between patients with and without postoperative complications(P<0.05).Conclusions The common types of primary intracranial tumors include gliomas,meningiomas,sellar tumors and neurilemmoma,etc.Surgical treatment has a high risk of postoperative complications.Common postoperative complications include intracranial infection,pulmonary infection,hyponatremia,lower extremity venous thrombosis,and central nervous system infection.Tumor location,operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,anesthesia recovery time and postoperative coagulation dysfunction are all risk factors for postoperative complications.