Objective:To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET for hepatobiliary malignancies. Methods:From July 2020 to February 2023, 33 patients (23 males, 10 females; age (55.4±13.5) years) with suspected or confirmed liver or biliary tract malignancies who underwent 68Ga-FAPI PET in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were retrospectively analyzed. PET images were evaluated by 3 experienced nuclear medicine physicians, and the results of biopsy or postoperative pathology, clinical and imaging follow-up were used as the gold standard. One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference t test were used to compare the differences among groups. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test. Results:Of 33 patients, 14 performed PET for initial diagnosis and staging, and 19 for restaging. There were 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 13 patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and 6 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). The primary tumor of HCC, CCA and GBC all showed significant 68Ga-FAPI uptake, with no statistically significant difference in SUV max among groups ( F=1.58, P=0.250). The sensitivities of 68Ga-FAPI PET for initial diagnosis and restaging of hepatobiliary malignancies were 14/14 and 15/15, respectively. Compared with conventional imaging, 68Ga-FAPI PET changed the diagnosis and staging in 29.2%(7/24) patients. The treatment strategy was changed in 30.3%(10/33) patients with malignant tumors due to 68Ga-FAPI PET findings. Follow-up showed 22 cases survived and 11 cases died, with the overall survival of 355.56(80.00, 516.97) d, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 68.2% and 57.9%, respectively. Semi-quantitative 68Ga-FAPI PET parameters such as SUV max, target-liver ratio (TLR), and target-blood ratio (TBR) had no significant prognostic value, but the prognosis of the group without distant metastases diagnosed by 68Ga-FAPI PET was significantly better than that of the group with distant metastasis ( P=0.032). Conclusion:68Ga-FAPI PET has high sensitivity for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary malignancies, which can help guide treatment decisions and prognosis evaluation.

Objective:To compare and choose the best method for measuring metabolic tumor volume (MTV) of nasal extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), evaluate the prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and clinical staging/scoring systems for patients with nasal ENKTL, and explore the added value of the two combinations for prognostic prediction. Methods:From January 2016 to September 2022, 44 patients (26 males, 18 females; age (47.5±13.6) years) pathologically diagnosed with nasal ENKTL who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before treatment in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology were retrospectively collected. SUV 2.5, SUV 4.0 and 41%SUV max were used as thresholds to measure MTV and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), and the consistency was analyzed by Bland-Altman analysis. The ROC curve analysis was used to compare the prognostic efficiency of different methods and determine the best method. The prognostic values of different clinical factors and clinical staging/scoring systems between groups were evaluated by corrected χ2 test. The independent factors were screened by Cox-regression model, and the combined diagnosis model was constructed by logistic regression. Results:Of 44 patients, 6(13.6%) were dead, with the overall survival (OS) of 32.05(11.77, 64.43) months, and the 2-year and 5-year OS rates of 86.6% and 82.5%, respectively. The mortality of different groups in age (≥60 and <60 years), prognostic index of natural killer cell lymphoma (PINK) score (low- and high-risk), and international prognostic index (IPI) score (low- and high-risk) were significantly different ( χ2 values: 5.02, 4.12, 3.88, all P<0.05). The consistency of MTV measured by different thresholds was good. Among them, the MTV measured by threshold of SUV 2.5 had the highest predictive efficiency with the AUC of 0.737. Multivariate analysis showed that MTV (hazard ratio ( HR)=10.488, 95% CI: 1.864-59.026, P=0.008) was the independent influencing factor of OS. By removing other factors, minimization model was obtained, including MTV and PINK score ( P values: 0.006, 0.048). The prediction model of MTV combined with PINK score improved prognostic efficacy with the AUCs of MTV, PINK score and the combination model of 0.781, 0.741 and 0.912, respectively. Conclusions:MTV measured by threshold of SUV 2.5 has better prognostic predictive value. MTV is the independent prognostic factor for OS in nasal ENKTL patients. MTV combined with PINK score has better prognostic value.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) analysis system combined with 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET for prostate cancer. Methods:Data of 103 patients (age: 45-85 years) who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/MR at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from May 2018 to October 2023 for suspected or confirmed prostate cancer were retrospectively collected. ROI was delineated to measure SUV max of primary tumor or prostate, and a deep learning AI system was applied to analyze MR images of the prostate. The diagnostic efficacies of T 2 weighted imaging (WI), diffusion WI (DWI), mpMRI, PET SUV max, and PET/MR for prostate cancer were assessed, with using the pathological results as the gold standard. Results:Among 103 patients, 82 cases (79.61%) were with prostate cancer. PET unimodality demonstrated the best specificity (100%, 21/21), positive predictive value (100%, 58/58), and AUC (0.860, 95% CI: 0.777-0.920). The mpMRI AI analysis provided rapid diagnostic results and the sensitivity and accuracy were improved by combining with PET (sensitivities of PET, mpMRI and the combination of the two were 70.73%(58/82), 86.59%(71/82), and 92.68%(76/82), respectively; the accuracies were 76.70%(79/103), 81.55%(84/103) and 86.41%(89/103), respectively). Among 44 patients with negative PET, 30 patients received an accurate diagnosis when the results of mpMRI AI analysis were added. Conclusions:68Ga-PSMA PET demonstrates good specificity for prostate cancer and mpMRI AI analysis is time-saving. The combined application improves the diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy, which provides a valuable tool for 68Ga-PSMA PET/MR image analysis.