BACKGROUND: Nicotine, which is a known central nervous system stimulant, appears to be the neuroprotective factor of Parkinson disease(PD). It has been reported that PD patients' symptoms such as trembling,rigor, hypokinesia are ameliorated during smoking, but its mechanism still keeps unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of nicotine on gene expression levels of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors (D1R,D2R)in striatum of rats and analyze the possible mechanism of behavioral changes of rats induced by nicotine.DESIGN:Randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING:Institute of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.MATERIALS :Twenty-four SD rats aged at 10 weeks were chosen,weighing 180-200 g. Nicotine (Sigma),revert AidTM M-Mulv reverse transcriptase (MBI Fermentas,USA), polymerase chain reaction (RCR,Beckman),densitometric scanning imaging system (Stratagene Eagle Eye Ⅱ ,USA).METHODS :This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Institute of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital,Central South University from July 2001 to July 2002. These rats were divided into two groups: control group (n=12)and nicotine group(n=12). The level of D1 and D2 receptors on striatum of rats was estimated at the timepoint of thirty-minute after chronic nicotine administration (4 mg/kg per day s.c.), and the behavioral activities were also recorded at the same timepoint for thirty minutes. The functional behavioral activities recorded included: rearing up repeatedly, moving about, provoking, climbing, grooming, yawning, rotating, smelling and vomiting. At the fourteenth day, all rats were killed after thirty minutes of nicotine injection,the brains were dissected out and the region of striatum was separated immediately. Total RNA was extracted from striatum by RNeasy Total RNA Kit. PCR amplification was performed at special condition. For semi-quantitative analysis, 10 μ L of PCR products for each was examined by electrophoresis on 12 g/L agarose gel containing 0.5 mg/L ethidium bromide,and absorbance (A value) was quantitated by using densitometric scanning imaging system, thuse D1R,D2R mRNA expression were determined. Differences between means were analyzed with two-tailed student's t test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURFS: Changes of locomotor activities and the gene mRNA expression levels of D1 R and D2R in the regions of striatum in rats.RESULTS: Totally 24 SD rats were involved in the final results.① Locomotor activities of rats become more active after 3-day nicotine administration and reach the top during 7-14 days.②The A value of total RNA ratio of A260/A280 ＞1.8, and the total RNA had no degradation with 12 g/L agarose gels electrophoresis. ③As expected, PCR amplification product lengths of D1R, D2R,βA were 350 bp, 399 bp, 218 bp respectively. A significant increase of 23% of D1R mRNA expression in the region of striatum detected in the nicotine group compared with that of control group (98.63±1.13 and 65.29±1.45 seperately,P ＜ 0.01), no difference was detected on the level of D2R mRNA expression in the same regions above (76.73±1.45 and 78.21±1.69 respectively ,P ＞ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Nicotine may induce changes of locomotor activities of rats by up-regulating D1R mRNA expression in striatum.

Objective To study the relationship between level of plasma glucose and cognitive function in patients with Parkinson's disease.Methods Two hundred PD patients were assessed cognitive function using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),Wechsler Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Memory Scale.The patients were divided into cognitive normal group (n=91) and cognitive impairment group (n=109).One hundred twenty-six normal subjects were enrolled as control group (n=126).The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG),postprandial plasma glucose (2hPPG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus were compared among the groups.The effect of blood glucose level on the cognitive function of PD patients was analyzed by Binary Logistic Regression.Results The levels of FPG,HbAlc and the prevalence of diabetes mellitus [5.19 (0.72),5.7％ (0.5％),14％] were significantly higher than those in the normal control group [4.85(0.79),5.6％ (0.5％),6％] (P＜0.05).The levels of FPG in PD patients with cognitive impairment [5.21 (1.32)] was significantly higher than that in PD patients with cognitive normal group [4.81 (0.95)] (P＜0.05).Although 2hPPG and HbAlc increased slightly in PD patients with cognitive impairment,the difference did not reach an significant level (P＞0.05).Binary Logistic Regression analysis showed that FPG(OR:1.764;95％ CI:0.06-3.244;P=0.068) was not associated with the impaired cognitive function in PD patients.Conclusion The present study has not revealed an association between the incidence of cognitive impairment in patients with PD and plasma glucose level although high plasma glucose may be a high risk factor for PD patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the combination of rituximab injection and cyclophosphamide+ hydroxydoxorubicin+ oncovin+ prednisone (CHOP) regimen on serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β 2-microglobulin (β 2-MG) levels in patients with non Hodgkin′s lymphoma (NHL).Methods:A total of 92 NHL patients admitted to the Hematology Department of Fuyang People′s Hospital from January 2020 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group ( n=46) and a control group ( n=46) using a random number table method. The control group received chemotherapy intervention with CHOP regimen; The observation group received intravenous infusion of rituximab injection 1 day before the start of CHOP chemotherapy. After 6 consecutive cycles of treatment (1 cycle for 21 days), the efficacy and adverse reactions, the levels of inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)], T lymphocytes [surface antigen differentiation cluster 4 (CD4 + ), surface antigen differentiation cluster 8 (CD8 + ), CD4/CD8, helper T cells 17 (Th17)], vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), LDH, and β2-MG of the two groups were compared after treatment. Results:The total remission rate of the observation group was 80.43%(37/46), which was higher than that of the control group, which was 60.87%(28/46), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, TNF-α and IL-6 levels decreased, Th17 and CD8 + levels increased in both groups after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05); After treatment, the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and Th17 levels were higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the LDH, β2-MG, and VEGF levels in the two groups decreased significantly after treatment (all P<0.05); After treatment, the LDH, β2-MG, and VEGF levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The total incidence rates of adverse reactions in the two groups were 86.96%(40/46) and 80.43%(37/46), respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The combination of rituximab injection and CHOP regimen for NHL treatment can effectively alleviate inflammation, improve LDH, β 2-MG, VEGF levels, and enhance efficacy. The safety is similar to using CHOP regimen alone, and it is worth promoting and applying.

Objective:To explore the correlation between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and readmission in patients with chronic aplastic anemia (AA).Methods:A total of 105 patients with chronic AA who were hospitalized at the Fuyang People′s Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected. The serum 25(OH)D level was measured using chemiluminescence method, and it was divided into low value group and high value group based on the average value. We compared the clinical data differences between two groups of patients, used logistic multivariate analysis to identify the risk factors for readmission in chronic AA patients, and used the Kaplan Meier method to plot curves to compare the differences in readmission rates and readmission intervals between the two groups.Results:The difference in the interval between readmission between patients in the low value group (<19.39 ng/ml) and those in the high value group (≥19.39 ng/ml) was statistically significant [(2.61±1.03)months vs (3.27±1.32)months, P<0.05]. A higher level of serum 25(OH)D was a protective factor in reducing the risk of readmission ( OR: 0.739; 95% CI: 0.569-0.962) and prolonging the interval between readmission (Log Rank=0.004, Breslow=0.01, Tarone-Ware=0.005; P<0.05) in chronic patients, while long course of illness was a risk factor for readmission ( OR=3.432, P=0.006). Patients in the low value group who had accumulated the use of vitamin D supplements for ≥3 weeks had a significantly longer interval between readmission ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Abnormal reduction of serum 25(OH)D levels can shorten the interval between readmission and increase the risk of readmission in chronic AA patients.

Objective To explore the chromosome,molecular genetic abnormalities and survival prognosis of adults with acute leukemia(non-M3 type).Methods A total of 148 adult patients with acute leukemia who visited the Department of Hematology of Fuyang People's Hospital from December 2019 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The chromosome karyotype and molecular genetic characteristics of the patients were detected and analyzed by using chromosome banding analysis techniques(R-banding)and fluorescence in situ hybridization.The general information,laboratory examina-tions and prognosis of the patients were collected from the medical records and questionnaires of the subjects.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw the survival curve.The survival analysis was tested by the Log-Rank method.Results Among the 148 adult patients with acute leukemia,62 developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),with the majority of subtypes being B,and 86 developed acute myeloid leukemia(AML),with the majority of subtypes being M2 and M5.Bone marrow chromosome examination was successfully performed in 141 patients,and there was no significant difference in the proportion of abnormal bone marrow chromosome karyotypes between AML patients and ALL patients(x2=1.864,P＞0.05).A total of 143 patients completed fusion gene examination,and the results showed that 28 of 81 AML patients were fusion gene positive,including 8 cases(9.87％)of mixed lineage leukemia-rearranged(MLL-R)fusion gene,and 20 of 62 ALL patients were fusion gene positive,including 6 cases(9.68％)of MLL-R fusion gene.The incidence of hepatosplenomegaly was significantly higher in patients with positive MLL-R than in patients with negative MLL-R(x2=3.645,P＜0.05),and the incidence of elevated peripheral leukocyte count(≥100 x 109 L-1)was also higher in patients with positive MLL-R than in patients with negative MLL-R(x2=7.051,P＜0.05).The incidence of abnormal bone marrow chromosome karyotype was higher in patients with positive MLL-R than in patients with negative MLL-R(x2=13.961,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in leukemia typing,age,gender,platelet count and hemoglobin level between patients with positive MLL-R and those with negative MLL-R(P＞0.05).In the ALL group,there was no significant difference in remission rate,relapse rate and mortality rate between MLL-R positive and MLL-R negative patients(P＞0.05);in the AML group,there was no significant difference in remission rate,relapse rate and mortality rate between MLL-R positive and MLL-R negative patients(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in mortality rate between leukemia patients who received chemotherapy and bone marrow stem cell transplantation(P＞0.05).The 1-year event free survival(EFS)rates of ALL and AML patients were(41.90±3.20)％and(38.20±2.20)％,respectively,and there was no significant difference in the 1-year EFS rate between the ALL and AML patients(x2=0.512,P＞0.05).The 1-year overall survival(OS)rates of ALL and AML patients were(60.50±4.20)％and(58.20±4.60)％,respectively,and there was no significant difference in the 1-year OS rate between the ALL and AML patients(x2=0.175,P＞0.05).The 1-year EFS rates of MLL-R positive and MLL-R negative patients were(34.60±2.70)％and(36.20±3.10)％,respectively,and there was no significant difference in the 1-year EFS rate between the MLL-R positive and MLL-R negative patients(x2=0.579,P＞0.05).The 1-year OS rates of MLL-R positive and MLL-R negative patients were(37.30±4.20)％and(56.60±5.20)％,respectively,and there was a significant difference in the 1-year OS rate between the MLL-R positive and MLL-R negative patients(x2=4.092,P＜0.05).Conclusion There is no significant difference in abnormal chromosome karyotype between AML and ALL patients.The fusion gene MLL-R can be found in both AML and ALL patients.Although MLL-R positive patients are more likely to have hepatosplenomegaly,abnormal chromosome karyotype and elevated leukocyte count,the efficacy shows no significant difference between MLL-R positive patients and negative patients.The current treatment for AML and ALL patients is mainly chemotherapy.Although MLL-R negative patients have better 1-year OS rates than MLL-R positive patients,there is no significant difference in the 1-year EFS rate between MLL-R positive and MLL-R negative patients.