Objective:To evaluate the influence of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution used during root canal therapy on dentin bond strength.Methods:In the study,15 freshly extracted human third molars with complete dental crowns,caries and filling-free were selected.The occlusal enamel was removed perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth to expose middle flat surfaces of sound dentin.The occlusal dentin surfaces were then polished using 600-grit silicon papers for 1 min and rinsed with deionized water for 1 min.The teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to the treatment received:group A (negative control group),the samples were immersed in deionized water for 20 min;group B,the dentin surfaces were immersed in 2.50％ NaOCl solution for 20 min,with the solution being renewed every 5 min;group C,the dentin surfaces were immersed in 5.25％ NaOCl solution for 20 min,with the solution being renewed every 5 min.All the treated dentin surfaces were bonded using a self-etching adhesive system (SE bond) with a 5 mm in height resin composite (AP-X).After storage in deionized water at 37 ℃ for 24 h,the adhesive samples were sectioned longitudinally to produce 1.0 mm ± 1.0 mm stick specimens (n =45) for micro-tensile bond strength testing (MPa).Failure modes (adhesive failure,cohesive failure or mixed failure) at the dentin-resin interface were observed using a stereomicroscope.The micro-tensile bond strength data among the three groups were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA,then the Post-hoc test(LSD) was employed for pairwise comparison.The distribution of failure modes among the groups were analyzed by chi square test.Results:Significant decreased bond strength values were found for the 2.50％ NaOCl-treated group (26.04 ± 5.74) MPa and 5.25％ NaOCl-treated group (24.46 ± 3.77) MPa when compared with the strength of negative control group (48.71 ± 7.77) MPa,P =0.000.Compared with the negative control group,themicro-tensile bond strength of the 2.50％ NaOCl-treated group and 5.25％ NaOCl-treated grouphad dropped by 46.5％ and 50.2％.However,there was no significant difference of bond strength between the 2 NaOCl-treated groups (P =0.214).The distribution of failure modes showed significant difference in all the three groups (2 =56.324,P =0.000).The mixed failure (68.9％) was the most mode of fracture in the negative control group,followed by adhesive failure (24.4％),and the cohesive failure was leas t (6.7％).The proportion of adhesive failure mode was higher in NaOCl-treated groups than in negative control group (P =0.000).There was no significant difference of the distribution of failure modes between the 2.50％ NaOCl-treated group and 5.25％ NaOCl-treated group(P =0.197),and there was no cohesive failure mode detected in the two groups.Conclusion:The micro-tensile bond strength of dentin to composite resin was lower after exposure to NaOCl solution.

Objective To evaluate the effect of transitional care on the quality of life in patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).Methods 101 MHD patients with symptoms of kidney ＜ 80 points were assigned into the interventional group (47 of 51 cases completed the study) and the control group (45 of 50 cases completed the study) by random number table method.The patients in the interventional group received transitional care for 6 months,while control group received routine care.The effects on function index,satisfaction index and clinical index were evaluated at the 3rd month and 6th month after intervention.Results 6 months after intervention,the scores of physical composite,mental composite,burden of kidney disease,symptoms/problems list,effects of kidney disease in the interventional group were 51.78±5.91,55.32±5.36,29.79±17.64,79.39±6.73,68.02±11.38,while the scores of the control group were 38.22±9.46,42.03±8.32,19.58±17.25,69.49±10.10,52.09±16.78,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=5.308-9.063,Z=-3.07,P ＜ 0.01).The scores of self-management behavior,health locus of control in the interventional group were 71.30-±5.42,25.74±2.42,while the scores of the control group were 65.0±8.74,22.47±3.97 (t=4.132,4.759,P ＜ 0.01).The nursing satisfaction in the interventional group scored 91.06±7.29,which was significantly higher than the control group scored 86.22±10.72 (Z=-2.45,P＜ 0.05).The level of serum phosphorus (PO4),Ca × PO4 products,parathormone (PTH) in the interventional group were (1.76±0.35) mmol/L,(51.02±10.04) mg2/dl2,464.56 ng/L,which were significanlty lower than (2.01±0.54) mmol/L,(57.41±17.38) mg2/dl2,625.78 ng/L in the control group (t=-2.691,-2.167,-2.000 in tum,P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).Conclusions Transitional care achieves good effectiveness on the quality of life in patients with MHD.

BACKGROUND: In our previous studies, zinc-calcium-phosphate (Zn-Ca-P) coating has been successful y prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium al oy, which improves the corrosion resistance of the al oy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hemocompatibility of Zn-Ca-P coated AZ31 magnesium al oy in vitro. METHODS: Zn-Ca-P coating was prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium al oy using chemical transformation. Afterwards, the characteristics of the Zn-Ca-P coating were investigated using scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction analyzed its components. Besides, hemocompatibility in vitro was evaluated by platelet adhesion assay, dynamic clotting time test and hemolysis test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under scanning electron microscope, a flower-like coating was formed ont surface of the AZ31 magnesium al oy, with the main chemical component of insoluble phosphates Zn3(PO4)2?4H2O. And some round distortionless blood platelets adhered to the surface of AZ31 magnesium al oy, with no pseudopodia. In dynamic clotting time test, the long curve of Zn-Ca-P coating tended to descend indicating better anticoagulant activity. And the hemolysis rate was below 5%. In conclusion, Zn-Ca-P coating has good hemocompatibility in vitro.

Objective To study the effects of different factors on the salvianolic acid B stability in water solution and to provide the experimental data for production and application of salvianolic acid B. Methods Effects of salvianolic acid B concentration, pH value, temperature, and holding period on salvianolic acid B stability in water solution were studied by the salvianolic acid B changes determined by HPLC in orthogonal design test. Results The most stable condition of salvianolic acid B is that the concentration is 1 mg/mL, pH value is 2, the temperature is 20℃ , and the holding period is one day. Conclusion Salvianolic acid B should be kept in the conditions of higher concentration, lower pH value, lower temperature, and shorter period in solution to ensure its stability.

Objective Through statistical analysis of specimen rejection reasons, aimed at finding the ways to reduce the failed specimen, making sure of continuous improvements in laboratory quality. Methods Department of Laboratory, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital, Capital Medical University had analyzed rejections specimen from October 2013 to September 2014 in CAP Q-TRACKS QT3 ( QT3: Laboratory Specimen Acceptability ) , and compared the laboratory rejection reasons with all laboratories of CAP. Results From October 2013 to September 2014, the total number of rejection specimen number was 2 367, in which 225 were incomplete labeled specimen/inadequate filled-out form, accounting for 9.5%.898 samples were rejected because of specimen clotted, accounting for 37.9%.The samples could not meet the requirement of specimen quantity of 254, accounting for 10.7%.Other reasons accounting for above 1%included wrong collection container, specimen hemolysis, lipemia or icteric specimen.After comparing the first five rejection reasons, Department of Laboratory, Beijing ChaoYang Hospital was found to be different with others laboratories of CAP.Conclusion The quality of the specimen is very important for the accuracy and reliability of the test results, and doing some positive statistical analysis and taking corrective measures can effectively reduce the unqualified specimen of the proportion.

Objective To study pharmacokinetics of domestic sufentanil as a single intravenous injection in Chinese patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods Ten patients undergoing abdominal surgery, ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ grade,age from 51 to 65 years old,weighing from 58～68 kg were studied. Intravenous and intra-arterial cannulae were placed in advance. After general anesthesia, sufentanil 2 μg/kg was administered as a rapid bolus intravenously. Blood samples were obtained at 1,3,5,10,20,30,60,120,180,240 and 360 min after sufentanil injection. Plasma was separated from blood samples immediately and stored at -80 ℃ until assayed. Plasma concentration of sufentanil were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 pharmacology program:central volume of distribution(Vc), apparent volume of distribution (Vd), rapid distribution half-life(t1/2 π), slow distribution half-life(t1/2 α), terminal elimination half-life(t1/2 β),speed constant(P, A, B, π, α, β, k10, k12, k21, k13, k31), clearance(CL)and area under curve(AUC)and so on. Results Pharmacokinetics of sufentanil in patients ndergoing gastrectomy was best fitted to three-compartment open model,the tri-exponential equation :Cp(t)= 2. 86e-0.8241t + 0.75e-0.0604t + 0.14e-0.0050t. Main pharmacokinetic parameter t1/2π =(1.29 ± 0.81)min, t1/2α =(12.20 ± 2.84)min, t1/2β =(150.50 ±48.71)min,Vc =(0.552 ±0.104)L/kg,Vd =(9.008 ±0. 754)L/kg,CL =(0.044 ±0. 011)L/(kg · min)and AUC =(47.58 ±11.88)ng/(ml · min). Conclusions Pharmacokinetics of domestic sufentanil in patients undergoing abdominal surgery was best fitted to three-compartment open model, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of sufentanil were consistent with its clinical pharmacology.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorders and positive thyroid autoantibodies,and evaluate the necessity for universal thyroid screening during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.Methods The pregnant women during the second and third trimesters who visited Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital between June 2006 and February 2008 were chosen for thyroid screening by determining serum free triiodothyronine,free thyroxine,thyrotropin,thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb),and thyrotropin receptor antibody.A personal and family history of thyroid disease and other autoimmune diseases was investigated by questionnaire.The pregnant women were divided into high risk or low risk groups for thyroid disease based on their personal or family histories.Results A total of 2 101 pregnant women were screened,712 ( 33.89％ ) of them were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or with positive thyroid autoantibody.The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was increased in high risk group.While in low risk group( n =1 983 ),the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism was 2.27％ ( n =45 ),subclinical hypothyroidism 11.60％ ( n =230 ),clinical hyperthyroidism 0.20％ ( n =4 ),subclinical hyperthyroidism 1.06％ ( n =21 ),hypothyroxinemia 6.45％ ( n =128 ),and euthyroid with positive TPOAb 10.74％ ( n =213 ) in our study.Pregnant women with positive TPOAb were susceptible to thyroid dysfunction.It was shown that 79.74％ of pregnant women with thyroid disorders were diagnosed by universal thyroid screening.Conclusions 33.89％ of pregnant women in the second and third trimesters were identified to suffer from thyroid disorders or positive thyroid autoantibody by universal thyroid screening.Increased prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found in pregnant women with positive TPOAb.79.74％ of pregnant women with thyroid disorders might be missed if screening was made only in the high risk cases.

Objeetive To investigate the relationship among social avoidance and acceptance of disability in burn patients.Methods Totally 127 patients were investigated using Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SADS),Acceptance of Disability Scale (AODS),demographic information questionnaire and disease related information sheet.Results The points of burn patients' SADS was (21.38±6.75),One-way ANOVA showed that gender,marital status,special parts burns,amputation affected social avoidance significantly.The total score and factors scores of acceptance of disability were all negatively related to the score of social avoidance.Regression analysis showed that acceptance of disability,head burns,gender were the independent risk factors of depression.Conclusions Acceptance of disability were negatively related to social avoidance; Nurse can help them accept the reality of disability,develop the confidence to partici-pate in social communication,and improve the social adaptability.

Objective To prepare the frozen human serum pools for AFP reference materials through quantity value transmission from several analysis systems . Methods Method establishment. According to the requirement of preparation for the national standard materials , the studies of homogeneity and stability of frozen human serum pools for AFP reference materials were carried out .The commutability of prepared AFP reference materials and WHO AFP 72/225 reference material were assessed .By use of four automated chemiluminescence analysis systems , the prepared reference materials and different dilutions of WHO reference material 72/225 were tested in the same run.The values of prepared AFP reference materials were assigned by comparing these results and the uncertainty was evaluated .Results The three levels of AFP reference materials were tested to be homogeneous .The long term stability had been observed at -80℃for 14 months.The different dilutions of WHO AFP 72/225 reference material and three levels of prepared reference materials were commutable with patient serum samples among the four analysis systems .Through multiple system quantity value transmission and total uncertainty evaluation , the assigned values ( IU/ml) of three levels of AFP reference materials were 23.0 ±3.0, 93.2 ±7.2, ( 26.1 ±2.4 ) ×102 respectively.Conclusions The three levels of AFP reference materials were homogeneous and stable in accordance with requirement of preparation for national standard materials .The assigned values were reliable.The materials showed accepted commutability across 4 analytical systems.These materials had been approved as the national certified reference materials .These reference materials could be applied for the calibration or calibration verification of clinical analytical systems and the external quality assessment schemes for clinical laboratories.

Objective To evaluate the use of transfer statements in inhouse transport of critical patients.Methods By means of continuous enrollment,123 critical patients were enrolled as a control group for conventional transport,and 111 such patients were enrolled as an observation group for transport using the transfer statement.Then the incidence of adverse events,transport during and nurse-nurse collaboration level of the two groups were compared.Results In the control group,its incidence of adverse events was 13.8%,the mean transport during was(19.5 ± 8.4)minutes,and the mean score for nurse-nurse collaboration level was ( 101.87 ± 7.13 ).In the observation group,its incidence of adverse events was 5.4%,the mean transport during was(13.5 ± 5.4)minutes,and the mean score for nurse-nurse collaboration level was(106.15 ± 8.86).Implementing the transfer statement has cut back the incidence of adverse events (P<0.05)and the transport duration significantly(t=3.833,P<0.01),while improving the level of nurse-nurse cooperation significantly(t= -4.261,P<0.05).Conclusions The transfer statement can increase the safety of patient transport,promote organization and coordination of nurses,and improve the efficiency of transport.