Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 12 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides in water. Methods Organophosphorus pesticides in the water were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction, then analyzed with DB-1701 capillary column. In the same time, they were determined with GC by controlling the temperature and the speed of nitrogen. Retention time of the peaks was used for qualitative analysis, while external standard method was used for the quantitative analysis. Results The linear ranges of organophosphorus pesticides were 0.2～50.0 ?g/L, r≥0.999 1. The lowest detection limit was 0.009～0.04 ?g/L, the rate of recovery were 78.4%～93.9% and RSDs were 3.4%～7.5%. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid, sensitive and can efficiently separate and determine 12 kinds of organophosphorus pesticides in the water with 32.5 minutes of operation only.

Objective To discuss the promoting effect of clinical pathway in the standard and reasonable medication by the application of clinical pathway in the anticoagulation treatment of warfarin and health education for patients with atrial fibrilation.Methods Sixty eight patients with atrial fibrilation and receiving anticoagulation treatment of warfarin were divided randomly into the intervention group(36 cases)and the control group(32 cases).The control group received routine nursing while the intervention group underwent nursing intervention with clinical pathway based upon routine nursing intervention.The time cost to achieve the aims,compliance,incidence rate of complications and satisfaction degree were compared between the two groups.Results All the items in the intervention group were superior to those of the control group except for the items of satisfaction degree and health knowledge score(P<0.05).Conclusion Application of clinical pathway in the anticoagulation treatment of warfarin for patients with atrial fibrilation could ensure standard and reasonable medication in order to decrease medical cost,lower the incidence rate of complications,improve patients compliance and increase nursing quality.

Based on summarizing the importance of education environment and the development and current status ofresearch on medical education environment, the authors measured the status of, and the problems existing in, educationenvironment of China Medical University by DREEM (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure), and then sug-gested strategies to modify the education environment and hence to improve the quality of medical education on thebasis of the advanced concepts of education environment design and construction in the world and the authors' experi-ence in the reform of medical curriculum.[

To improve the quality of health care by improving the quality of residency training,the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education of USA has renewed the standards and methods of residency training to improve health care,and issued the compe- tence-based training standards. The residents have to achieve six key competences when they finish the training. The University of Washington,School of Medicine,responds to the new re- quirements and standards by reforming its residency training pathway,enriching formal teach- ing/training activities,and improving its supervision and the evaluation. We should use for refer- ence reforming the residency training in China.

Objective To probe the diagnostic value of MRI in synovial hemangioma of the knee.Methods Seven patients(2 male,5 female,age ranged from 8 to 58 years with mean age 25.1 years) selected from 2025 cases with MRI examination of knee,which were proved to be intra-articular hemangiomas histologically or clinically.All of the patients had plain film before MRI examination.MR findings of synovial hemangioma of knee were analysed ultrasound.Results Four hemangiomas occurred in infrapatellar bursa,others 3 cases in both infrapatellar and suprapatellar bursa were involved.MR signal intensity of hemangiomas appeared three types:(1)nodular hypointensity on both T_1WI and T_2WI in 2 cases;(2)iso-hypointensity on T_1WI and hyper-hypointensity on T_2WI in 2 cases;(3)hypointensity mixed with isontensity on T_1WI and nodular of linear mixedintensity on T_2WI in 3 cases.The difference of synovial hemangioma of knee in histologic elements,the MR findings were different.Conclusion MRI features of synovial hemangioma are correlated with pathology histologic elements.

Objective To investigate the effect of the extracts of Centella asiatica(L.) Urban (ECA) on the depressive-like behavior alteration in rats and mice. Method 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (10 rats each), the normal group, model group, Fluoxetine group, ECA high dose group (component 10.08 mg+component 24.48 mg/kg), ECA middle dose group (component 1 0.04 mg+component 2 2.24 mg/kg) and ECA low dose group component 1 0.02 mg+component 2 1.12 mg/kg. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced depression in rats and sugar consumption to detect the antidepressant effect of ECU. 60 Kunming mice were randomly divided into six groups as above. Locomotor activity, forced swim, tail suspension test were used to detect the effect of ECA on the behavioral alteration in mice. Results Compared with model group, sugar consumption in ECA groups was significant increased (P<0.01). ECA treatments also decreased duration of immobility in the tail suspension test and forced swim. Conclusion ECA could improve the depressive-like behavior in rats and mice.

Objective To study the changes of plasma ET-1,CGRP,TXA2 and their receptor expression in lung tissue of children with congenital heart disease-assicated pulmonary artery hypertension.Methods Plasma was collected from 60 children patients.ET-1,CGRP and TXB2 levels were measured by EIA,RIA and ELISA,respectively.Expression of their receptors in the lung tissue was detected by RT-PCR.Results The plasma ET-1 and TXB2 levels were significantly higher in CHD patients than in control children.The plasma CGRP level was significantly lower in CHD patients than in control children.Fourteen days after treatment with PGE1,the plasma ET-1 and TXB2 levels were significantly decreased with no significant changes in CGRP.The expression level of ET-1 and TXA2 receptor mRNA was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension than in those without pulmonary artery hypertension.However,the expression of CGRP receptor mRNA was lower in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension than in those without pulmonary artery hypertension.Conclusion Plasma ET-1,CGRP and TXA2 levels are closely related with congenital heart disease-associated pulmonary artery hypertension,and can be used as an index for its prognosis.

This paper introduces the international experiments of risk management in clinical trails, responsibility of sponsor, responsibility of investigator and responsibility of other participators and to help to improve our management level of clinical trails.

Medical professionalism is an important part of competencies which physicians are acquired to own.Team of physician's competency model construction and education revolution project concluded the current situation and theoretical cognition of physician's professionalism of experts from medical education and administration organizations in China according to the results of the first round of Delphi.Meanwhile,suggestions for the further improvement of physician's professionalism were pro

Objective:To study the effect of early nursing intervention to prevent lymphedema of upper limb after breast cancer surgery and its effect on postoperative quality of life.Methods:Between July 2018 and March 2020, one hundred and seventeen cases of breast cancer, all female, admitted to department of thyroid and breast surgery, the affiliated Zhongshan hospital of Dalian University, were underwent modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Fifty-eight cases were included in the control group whereas fifty-nine cases were in the intervention group. The control group received conventional nursing, the intervention group added early care intervention measures on the basis of conventional nursing. Follow-ups were carried out monthly in a period of 9 months post-surgery. The incidence and grade of lymphedema were compared between the two groups.Results:The incidences of lymphedema at 1,3,9 months after surgery were 8.5% (5/59), 8.5% (5/59), 10.2% (6/59) in the intervention group, which were lower than 31.0% (18/58), 36.2% (21/58), 43.1% (25/58) in the control group. Statistics showed significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 value was 9.425, 13.041, 16.289, P<0.05). The incidence of mild, moderate, and severe lymphedema were statistically different between the two groups ( χ2 value was 10.350, 12.078, 17.422, P<0.05). Follow-up for the quality of life was assessed using a 5-dimension evaluation method, including physical status, social/family status, emotional status, functional status and additional attention. One month follow-up showed 20.36±1.80, 20.03±1.68, 34.63±3.52, 15.86±1.96, 19.81±1.04 in the intervention group, all higher than the control group 17.03±1.36, 17.10±1.46, 19.38±1.51, 10.91±1.22, 18.36±1.21. Three-month follow-up showed 23.56±2.72, 23.73±2.20, 39.93±4.17, 20.31±3.04, 26.37±2.23 in the intervention group, higher than those of the control group 20.90±2.14, 19.12±2.63, 25.79±3.59, 13.97±2.67, 21.02±2.50. Nine month follow-up showed 27.44±2.01, 25.80±1.85, 40.88±3.72, 21.02±2.78, 27.02±2.45 in the intervention group, which were high than the control group 19.93±1.66, 20.67±1.46, 19.38±2.29, 16.33±2.65, 22.29±2.52. The difference between the two groups were statistically significant ( t value was 8.691-34.383, P<0.05). Conclusions:Early nursing intervention could prevent lymphedema of upper limb after breast cancer surgery, delay the progress of lymphedema, reduce the incidence and grade of lymphedema, and promote the rehabilitation of patients' affected limbs, improve quality of Life of patients, which is worthy of clinical application.