Objective To explore the effects of subchronic arsenic exposure through drinking water on glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain of mice. Methods The female Kunming mice were exposed to arsenite ( iAsⅢ ) by drinking water at the levels of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L respectively for 6 consecutive weeks. The blood and brain were taken, the concentration of inorganic arsenic (iAs), monomethylarsenic acid (MMA), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) and the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), phosphate activated glutaminase (PAG), superoxide dimutase (SOD) and the concentrations of glutamate (Glu), lipidperoxide(LPO) were determined. Results The concentrations of iAs, MMA and DMA in the blood and brains increased as the iAsⅢ concentrations in drinking water increased. The activity of GS, PAG and the concentrations of Glu in the arsenic exposed mice increased compared with the control. The activity of GS in 50 mg/L group, the activity of PAG in 25 and 50 mg/L groups, the concentration of Glu in 100 mg/L group showed a significant difference compared with the control. The activity of PAG in 25 mg/L group was significantly higher than that in 100 mg/L group. The activity of SOD in exposed groups was higher than that in the control, the concentration of LPO in exposed groups did not show a significant difference compared with the control. Conclusion Arsenic can enter the brain and organic arsenic is dominant both in the blood and brain, however, the composition of arsenic speciation is different in the blood and brain. DMA, as a main arsenide, distributed in the brain. Arsenic exposure can change the activity of GS and PAG which can influence the concentration of Glu. Moreover, arsenic exposure can increase the superoxide anion and make the activity of SOD increase compensatively.

Objective:To evaluate the equity of the secondary performance allocation in target hospital.Methods:Through the comparison on the Gini coefficient calculation,the calculation method of Gini coefficient developed by Jianhua Zhang was applied to estimate the secondary allocation result of performance salary in the target hospital from 2014 to 2015.Results:From 2014 to 2015,the Gini coefficient remained at 0.22 or so,the overall allocation was average.Conclusion:Estimating the Gini coefficient was beneficial for the hospital managers control the structure and level of the second performance distribution and modulate the program of the sencond performance distribution in time,so that the distribution of performance salary would be accordant to the designed program and acts as the direction of motivation.

Objective Establishing the scientific research competitiveness evaluation index system of Shanghai hospitals.Methods Delphi method and Analytic Hierarchy Process were applied.Results Thirty-four experts were invited to provide evaluation index and weighted scores.The positive coefficient from two rounds of expert's consultation were 88.24％ and 94％.The expert's opinion of authority coefficient of each indicator's was greater than 0.7.The degrees of coordinative consistency was high.Kendall concordance coefficient was increasing with the increasing of consulting times.After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation,2 level-one indictors,10 level-two indictors and 47 level-three indictors were confirmed.Conclusions After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation,using all objective indicators,an Index System for research competitiveness evaluation in the hospitals in Shanghai has been created and could be used with scientific,objectivity and feasibility.

Objective This paper analyzed the development and current situation of patents from first class hospitals in Shanghai,reflecting the development of scientific researches,providing medical science research management with data support as the basis of decision making.Methods Based on patent search and analysis of State Intellectual Property Office of The P.R.C and Incopat,a technology innovation intelligence platform with global patent information,patents from first class hospitals in Shanghai published before the year of 2015 are analyzed from aspects including patent category,legal status,time trend,applicants of invention patent,proprietor and inventors of authorized invention patents,transfer of invention patents,etc.Results First class hospitals in Shanghai had 1979 invention patents,which accounted to 56.38％ of the total.71.21％ of invalid invention patents fell into abeyance because of withdraw,rejection,and abandon,which was 2.47 times of those due to termination.Eight hospitals including Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital and Huashan Hospital were at the top of both the invention patent application list and the authorized invention patent list,both accounting to more than sixty percent.Conclusions The number of invention patents has gone through germination stage,developing rapidly in recent years,the ratio of authorized inventions appears to decline slightly after rise.The reasons of patent invalidation are worthy of attention,the information about legal status of patents can be reasonably used,applicants and inventors shows uneven distribution,patent quality should be emphasized with quantity rise,cross regional and cross border cooperation can bring about complementary advantages.

The purpose of this study was to reveal the current situation of health technology transfer in Shanghai hospitals,and to analyze the problems and needs.Questionnaire and interview were adopted for the study.We found that in the past 3 years,the transformation rate of patent technologies at Shanghai Tertiary Hospitals was 5.88％.The transfer routes mainly involves proactive enlist of enterprises by project leader,technology brokerage,exhibitions of patents achievements,friends' recommendation,etc..The main factors impacted the transfer included poorer quality of patent,lacking efficient management,and lacking channels for transfer.In order to improve the transfer of patents,hospitals need to provide information service,technology assessment,project packaging,patents application,consultant,and relevant trainings etc.Other things that could promote health technology transfer are to improve scientific research system,to enhance the quality of scientific achievements,and to develop technology brokerage.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis and grading of acute rejection of the transplanted pancreas after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.Methods Seventy cases pancreas grafts underwent gray scale ultrasound,color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) and CEUS examination,the contrast agent perfusion processes were observed,and the parameters of time intensity curves(time-intensity curve,TIC) were calculated.The CEUS results were compared with the pathological findings.Results Twenty-one cases were acute rejection in 70 cases,of which 10 cases were mild,8 cases were moderate and 3 cases were severe;and 49 cases were non-rejection.①Gray scale and CDFI ultrasound:The pancreatic grafts of acute rejection were edema and enlarged,the parenchyma echo were decreased.The artery resistance index(RI) were significant different between acute rejection group and non-rejection group (0.77 ± 0.05 vs 0.74 ± 0.10,P ＜0.05),but there were no significant differences between mild,moderate and severe group (P ＞0.05).②CEUS:TIC curves showed a significantly longer time to reach peak [TTP,(21.7 ± 4.3)s vs (13.0 ± 2.9) s,P ＜0.01] and significantly reduced peakintensity(PI,18.8 ± 7.9 vs 29.6 ± 2.4,P ＜0.05).There was no significant difference between the mild and moderate groups (P ＞0.05) but statistically difference was found when the severe group compared with the other two groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions CEUS can be used to observe the perfusion of the vascular and parenchyma of the pancreas,the results also can be quantitative analyzed.It is an effective method for the diagnosis of pancreas acute rejection of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.

Objective To analyze the reliability and validity of an established Research Hospital Competitiveness Evaluation System.Methods To evaluate the research competitiveness of 34 tertiary hospitals and their departments in Shanghai using above system.The reliability and validity of the indicator system were analyzed with the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis based on the structural equation model.Results After adjusting for structure of the index system via item parceling, the CFI, MFI, RMSEA AND IFI were 1.000, 1.009, 0.000 and 1.028, the Cronbach's alpha of whole set indicators system was 0.768.Conclusions The results suggested that the measured reliability and validity are both in good degree, survey results can reflect the actual competence of evaluated hospitals.

AIM:To construct a hAR and GFP fusion gene vector and to observe the AR-GFP gene expression in Hek293 cells. METHODS: A recombined vector pcDNA3.1/myc-HisA-AR-GFP (pH-AG) was constructed by gene engineering technique. The recombined vector was transfected into Hek293 cells using calcium phosphate. RESULTS: AR-GFP fusion protein was successfully expressed in Hek293 cells without biologic activity, which was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting. CONCLUSION: The Hek293 cells transfected by AR-GFP fusion gene can express its protein successfully. However, it is not a cellular model for ARI screening.

OBJECTIVETo study the karyotype of four Ephedra plants in order to provide the cytologic evidence for the genetic diversity and identification genetic resources of Ephedra.

METHODThe roots of germinating seeds were used to study the karyotype of four Ephedra plants by staining and slide-preparing technique of mitotic chromosomes.

RESULTthe optimal root-sampling time was about 10: 20 - 10:40 am. Using 0.002 mol x L(-1) 8-Hydroxyquinoline to pretreating the intravital root tips, the optimal pretreatment time for E. Sinica, E. intermedina, E. equisetina and E. przewalskii was 4, 5, 4.5 and 3.5 h, respectively. E. przewalskii and E. equisetina were diploid, E. Sinica and E. intermedina were belonged quadruple. The karyotype formulae of the four species were 2n = 2x = 14 = 2M + 8m + 4sm, 2n = 2x = 14 = 10m + 4st, 2n = 4x = 28 = 20m (2SAT) +8st, and 2n = 4x = 28 = 20m (SAT) + 6st + 2sm, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll the karyotypes of four Ephedra species were 2A type, which was the symmetric karyotype.

Objective To perform classification analysis of project applications,analyze the difference(s) between the approved projects and disapproved projects,identifying possible experiences and lessons to improve the project application management,as well as the guidance of applicants.Methods Based on the assessment scoring system built on informative platform,we collected the project application information including scores of both initial and re-review during the year 2013 and 2014.According to the assessment procedures and final decisions,all projects involved were categorized into three groups:granted project,project failed during the re-review process,and project failed in the initial review.Statistical analysis was performed on the ratings and detailed scoring of all these projects.Results Pair wise comparisons showed that granted projects were superior to other disapproved projects (P ＜ 0.05),in terms of declaration evidence,context and design of projects.Conclusions The current application and granting procedures works well for identifying high quality applications.Projects granted have their advantages satisfying the key indicators highlighted during the review process.With the help of informative platform,it's possible to achieve further detailed quantified analysis for scientific project applications,in which way,it renders the improvement of evaluation efficiency,equality and the guidance of the applicants.