BACKGROUND:3D bioprinting has been used to print a variety of tissues including skin,vascular tissues,liver,cartilage,cardiac tissues,ear,and adipose tissues.OBJECTIVE:To review the application of 3D bioprinting technology in printing tissues or organs and its research progress in oral medicine.METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of PubMed and CNKI was performed to search articles concerning the application of 3D bioprinting technology in printing tissues,organs and stomatology which were published from 2006 to 2016,using the keywords of 3D bioprinting,3D pinting,organs,tissues,tissue engineering,stomatology,oral,cranio-maxillofacial in English and Chinese,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Direct cell-bioprinting is still in its early stage,even though 3D bioprinting has been applied to print various tissues such as skin,vascular tissues,liver,cartilage and cardiac tissues,etc.Although additive manufacturing technology has been widely used for printing different scaffolds of tissues and organs nowadays,there are no successful bioprinted tissues with biological functions in clinical practice.Even in oral medicine,most of the studies still remain in the stage of printing biological scaffolds.It is a long way to solve the problems such as source of cells,materials of biological scaffolds and types of extracellular matrix in the future,due to the complexity of human organism structure and the function expression of various tissues and organs.

Objective To study the characteristics of MR imaging and proton MR spectrscopy(~1H MRS)of stroke-like lesions in MELAS.Methods Clinical,MR imaging and proton spectroscopic findings of stroke-like lesions in 7 patients with confirmed MELAS were analyzed retrospectively.Results A total of 12 MR investigations had been performed in 7 patients.Stroke-like lesions showed by MR imaging included superacute in 12,acute in 12,subacute in 10 and chronic stage in 6.Early stroke-like lesions were demonstrated as focal edematous foci mainly involved cortex/subcotical areas of occipital,temporal and parietal lobes.At MR diffusion imaging,stroke-like lesions in the superacute(＜3 days)stage were showed as well-circumscribed lesions with high signal intensities for cytotoxic edema.During the acute(4～7 days),sub-acute(2～4 weeks)and chronic(＞4 weeks)stages,the lesions gradually expanded,and became blur,and presented with vasogenic edema mainly.Proton spectroscopy showed a prominently elevated lactate,varied decrease of NAA concentration and other brain motabolites in the stroke-like lesions early after onset,and depicted gradual decrease of lactate level and partial recovery of NAA concentration subsequently.Conclusion Stroke-like lesions in MELAS mainly involve the cerebral cortex and subcortical areas,in which cytotoxic edema appears early but for a short period.In ~1H MRS,the lesions are characterized by a double lactate peak with decrease of NAA concentration.

Objective To synthetize a novel MR molecular imaging probe named USPIO?PEG?tLyP?1,and to evaluate its value in detecting U87 cells by MR imaging. Methods USPIO?PEG?tLyP?1 was synthetized by conjugating USPIO?PEG with tLyP?1. Neuropilin?1 expression levels of glioma cell lines were detected by Western blot. The cytotoxicity of USPIO?PEG and USPIO?PEG?tLyP?1 were assessed by MTT colorimetric assay. The uptake efficiency of USPIO?PEG?tLyP?1 was measured by Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscope and MR imaging in vitro. Results The novel MR molecular imaging probe was synthetized with an average diameter of 43.84 nm. U87 glioma cell line was screened as test subject for the highly expression of NRP?1(P<0.05). USPIO?PEG?tLyP?1 group showed much more intracellular blue particles than USPIO?PEG group after Prussian blue staining. After incubation,USPIO?PEG?tLyP?1 mainly existed in lysosme,endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In vitro MRI showed that USPIO?PEG?tLyP?1 significantly enhanced the negative contrast effect compared with USPIO?PEG(P<0.01). Conclusion The decoration of tLyP?1 enhanced targeting ability of USPIO?PEG to glioma cells and MR molecular imaging can be a promising method for early diagnosis of gliomas.

Objectives To investigate gestational multiple metabolic abnormalities aggregation and diagnostic criteria for gestational metabolic syndrome(GMS),and to analyze the risk factors of GMS.Methods A cohort study recruiting 309 pregnant women with preeclampsia,627 pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and 1245 normal pregnant women was performed from January 2008 to December 2011 in Guangdong Women and Children's Hospital.Information regarding age,gestational weeks,basic blood pressure,admission blood pressure,height and body mass index(BMI)before pregnancy was recorded.Biochemical indicators including fasting plasma glucose(FPG),fasting insulin (FINS),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein(LDL-C),free fatty acids(FFA)were tested.GMS was diagnosed with three or all of the following conditions:(1)overweight and/or obesity before pregnancy(BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2);(2)hypertension with blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa);(3)hyperglycemia:diagnosed as GDM;(4)dyslipidemia with TG≥3.23 mmol/L The incidence of GMS of the three groups were calculated and the risk factors were analyzed.Results(1)The age,gestational weeks,basic blood pressure,admission blood pressure,BMI before pregnancy of women with preeclampsia and women with GDM were significantly different compared to normal women,respectively(P ＜ 0.01).(2)Biochemical indicators of women with preeclampsia were as following:FPG(4.6 ± 1.0)mmol/L,FINS(10.1 ± 5.6)mU/L,TC(6.3 ±1.6)mmol/L,TG(3.9 ± 1.8)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.4 ±0.4)mmol/L,LDL-C(3.0 ± 1.0)mmol/L,FFA (0.8 ±0.4)mmol/L.And those in women with GDM were:FPG(4.7 ± 0.9)mmoL/L,FINS(10.2 ± 5.8)mU/L,TC(5.7 ± 1.3)mmol/L,TG(3.2 ± 1.1)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.4 ± 0.4)mmol/L,LDL-C (2.7 ± 0.9)mmol/L,FFA(0.6 ± 0.3)mmol/L In normal pregnant women they were:FPG(4.3 ±0.5)mmol/L,FINS(9.0±4.4)mU/L,TC(5.7 ±1.1)mmol/L,TG(2.8 ±1.1)mmol/L,HDL-C (1.5 ± 0.4)mmol/L,LDL-C(2.9 ± 0.8)mmol/L,FFA(0.6 ± 0.2)mmol/L Statistic differences were found in preeclampsia and GDM women compared to normal women respectively(P ＜ 0.01).(3)The prevalence of GMS in preeclampsia group and in GDM group was 26.2％(81/309)and 13.6％(85/627),statistically different from that of the control group(0)(P ＜0.01).(4)Compared to normal women,women with preeclampsia had higher risk of developing GMS(OR =1.62,95 ％ CI 1.31-2.00,P ＜ 0.01).The risk factors were BMI(OR =1.29,95％ CI 1.13-1.47)and TG(OR =2.49,95％ CI 1.87-3.31).Also,women with GDM had higher risk of developing GMS than normal women(OR =1.27,95％ CI 1.09-1.49,P ＜ 0.01),and the risk factors were BMI(OR =1.13,95 ％ CI 1.04-1.23)and TG(OR =1.16,95 ％ CI 1.02-1.33).TG was the independent risk factor in both preeclampsia women and GDM women(P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).HDL-C seemed to have less importance in identifying GMS(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions According to the GMS diagnostic criteria used in this study,some preeclampsia patients and some GDM women had aggregation of multiple metabolic abnormalities including pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity,hyperglycemia,high blood pressure and dyslipidemia.TG was the independent risk factor for GMS.HDL-C seemed to have less importance in identifying GMS.

Objective To investigated the etiologic characteristics of Shigella (S.) sonnei strains causing outbreaks and sporadic cases in some areas of Guangdong province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during 2014-2016. Methods Fourteen S. sonnei strains isolated from outbreaks and 6 S. sonnei strains from sporadic cases from Guangdong and Liuzhou of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were tested for antimicrobial resistance and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Six typical strains were selected for whole genome sequencing typing and compared with 51 strains isolated both at home and abroad from NCBI genome database. Results The antibiotic resistance test indicated the isolates had high resistance rate to ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and nalidixic acid, while sensitive to azithromycin, chloromycetin and imipenem. PFGE showed high similarity (93.2%) among the strains isolated from different areas. The whole genome sequencing analysis also revealed that all the typical strains wereclustered into a same evolution branch, close to some strains from Korea. Conclusions The S. sonnei strains isolated from some areas of Guangdong and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics, but they were sensitive to azithromycin, chloramphenicol and imipenem. The isolates in this study also showed similar PFGE patterns and close phylogenic evolution.

Magneto-acoustic-electric tomography (MAET) boasts high resolution in ultrasound imaging and high contrast in electrical impedance imaging, making it of significant research value in the fields of early tumor diagnosis and bioelectrical monitoring. In this study, a method was proposed that combined high conductivity liquid metal and maximum length sequence (M sequence) coded excitation to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. It was shown that, under rotational scanning, the liquid metal significantly improved the signal-to-noise ratio of the inter-tissue magneto-acoustic-electric signal and enhanced the quality of the reconstructed image. The signal-to-noise ratio of the signal was increased by 5.6, 11.1, 21.7, and 45.7 times under the excitation of 7-, 15-, 31-, and 63-bit M sequence code, respectively. The total usage time of 31-bit M sequence coded excitation imaging was shortened by 75.6% compared with single-pulse excitation when the same signal-to-noise ratio was improved. In conclusion, the imaging method combining liquid metal and M-sequence coding excitation has positive significance for improving MAET image quality.
Contrast Media ; Electricity ; Electric Conductivity ; Acoustics ; Tomography

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of hypertension in women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) and to estimate related risk factors.

METHODSIn this prospective case-control study, we collected clinical data from 809 women with a history of PE and 3 421 women with normal pregnancy from January 2008 to June 2012. Between November 2012 and April 2013, 651 women in PE group and 2 684 women with normal pregnancy group were recruited at the same time for collecting postpartum data including blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the relative factors of postpartum blood pressure.

RESULTSPrevalence of hypertension in PE group was higher than those with normal pregnancy (17.2% (112/651) vs. 1.1% (30/2 684), P < 0.01). Prevalence of hypertension in severe PE and mild PE patients was similar (20.1% (58/289) vs. 15.2% (55/362), P = 0.103). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that progestational body mass index (OR = 1.379, 95% CI: 1.257-1.510, P < 0.05) , antepartum systolic blood pressure (OR = 1.025, 95%CI:1.012-1.040, P < 0.05) , antepartum triglyceride (OR = 1.002, 95% CI: 1.002-1.410, P < 0.05) , antepartum fasting blood glucose (OR = 1.733, 95% CI: 1.047-2.870, P < 0.05) , postpartum body mass index (OR = 1.279, 95% CI: 1.199-1.363, P < 0.05), postpartum fasting insulin (OR = 1.107, 95% CI: 1.055-1.162, P < 0.05) , systolic blood pressure difference between antepartum and postpartum (OR = 1.024, 95% CI :1.011-1.037, P < 0.05) , difference on triglyceride value between antepartum and postpartum (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.069-1.486, P < 0.01), difference value of HOMA-IR between antepartum and postpartum (OR = 2.448, 95% CI: 1.330-4.500, P < 0.01) and difference value of high density lipoprotein cholesterol between antepartum and postpartum (OR = 1.699, 95% CI: 1.277-2.260, P < 0.05) were associated with hypertension after pregnancy.

CONCLUSIONSWomen with history of PE are associated with higher risk of postpartum hypertension. Increased blood pressure, abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism during pregnancy are major risk factors for postpartum hypertension.

Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Insulin ; Pre-Eclampsia ; epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides