Objective To summarize the clinical features and vascular lesions in patients who suffered from cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery hypoplasia(VAH). Methods Retrospective analysis was used in the research. The selected patients suffered from cerebellar infarction with VAH or stenosis (stenosis rate≥50%). Seventy-one patients with cerebellar infarction were enrolled. There were 34 patients in VAH group and 37 patients in vertebral artery stenosis group. The age, sex, risk factors, clinical manifestations and characteristics of vascular examination were compared. Results The age, sex, risk factors between two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). The scores of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) between two groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). The proportion of early neurological deterioration in VAH group (41.2%, 14/34) was higher than that in vertebral artery stenosis group (18.9%, 7/37), χ2=4.21, P<0.05. There were more patients with anterior circulation artery stenosis in the VAH group (35.3%, 12/34), compared with that in artery stenosis group (13.5%, 5/37),χ2=4.62, P<0.05. Except the ipsilateral vertebral artery, other arteries stenosis in VAH group (44.1%, 15/34) was significantly higher than that in vertebral artery stenosis group (13.5%, 5/37),χ2=8.20, P<0.05. Conclusions Cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery hypoplasia is more likely to have multiple cerebral arterial stenosis (stenosis rate ≥50%). The patients who suffered from cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery hypoplasia might be prone to early neurological deterioration.

BACKGROUND:The self-expanding Smart nitinol stent system is a popular treatment for carotid artery stenosis, because it is easy to manipulate and deploy, and endothelialization is rapid. OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy of Smart nitinol stent system for the treatment of severe atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. METHODS:We conducted a retrospective, single-center, non-randomized, paral el control ed trial. A cohort of 103 patients with severe atherosclerotic carotid stenosis was included in the analysis after obtaining written informed consent from participants or their guardians. Treatment was undertaken according to each patient’s wishes after weighing the options:a Smart nitinol stent system (Cordis Corporation, Miami, FL, USA) was used in 40 patients, while 63 were managed conservatively with antiplatelet drugs. The primary outcome is the degree of disability of dependence 2 years after treatment, assessed by the modified Rankin Scale. The secondary outcomes are mRS scores 90 days and 1 year after treatment, recurrence of cerebrovascular events, and severity of neurologic deficit measured using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 1 and 2 years after treatment. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, China (approval number:201605-01) and conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, formulated by the World Medical Association. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT02800174). DISCUSSION:Previous studies of the Smart nitinol stent system for the treatment of carotid stenosis are mostly self-control ed case series or smal cohort studies with short fol ow-up periods. Consequently, the long-term influence of Smart nitinol stent deployment on the risk of cerebrovascular events and long-term outcomes are not known. This trial il uminates the therapeutic benefits of the Smart nitinol stent system in a 2-year fol ow-up study involving a large cohort of patients with severe atherosclerotic carotid stenosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms of surfactant protein C(SP-C)gene and respiratory distress syndrome(RDS)in the Han nationality newborns in Inner Mongolia and whether there is a mutation occurs on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.Methods One hundred newborns with RDS(case group)and 100 newborns without RDS(control group)were selected.PCR gene analysis was used to establish the genotype and allele frequencies of exon 4 (T138N)and 5 (S186N)on SP-C.Results In the Han nationality newborns of Inner Mongolia region,there was no mutation on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.Exon 4(T138N)on SP-C could be checked out three genotypes:namely AA,AC and CC.The genetic polymorphisms of exon 4 on SP-C were not statistically different between the case group and the control group(χ2 ﹦0.744,P ﹦0.689).Besides,exon 5(S186N)on SP-C could also be checked out three genotypes:namely AA,AG and GG.The genetic polymorphisms of exon 5 on SP-C were also not statistically different between the case group and the control group(χ2 ﹦0.770,P ﹦0.681 ).Conclusion There is no mutation on SP-C gene exon 4 and 5.The genetic polymorphism of exon 4 and 5 on SP-C displays no signifi-cant correlation with RDS of the Han nationality newborns in Inner Mongolia.

Objective To evaluate the role of complement receptor 3 (CR3) on murine macrophages in the recognition of Penicillium marneffei.Methods RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells were cultured in vitro,and divided into four groups to be cocultured with inactivated and live Penicillium mameffei yeast cells as well as inactivated and live Penicillium marneffei conidia respectively at 37 ℃ in 5％ CO2 for one hour.The RAW264.7 cells incubated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) served as the blank control group.Then,reverse transcription-PCR was conducted to detect CR3 mRNA expression,Western blot to measure CR3 protein expression,flow cytometry to determine phagocytosis rate,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify cytokine levels in culture supernatant.Some RAW264.7 macrophages were transfected with a specific siRNA targeting CR3 gene and cocultured with inactivated Penicillium marneffei conidia,subsequently,phagocytosis rate and supematant cytokine levels were determined.Data were processed by the SPSS 16.0 software,and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted for inter-group comparisons of these parameters.Results No significant differences were observed in the mRNA or protein expressions of CR3 among the four groups of RAW264.7 cells cocuhured with different forms of Penicillium marneffei (both P ＞ 0.05).The phagocytosis rate was 95.14％,89.56％,91.03％ and 90.78％ in RAW264.7 cells cocultured with inactivated conidia and yeast cells,as well as live conidia and yeast cells of Penicillium marneffei,respectively (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of interleukin (IL)-2,interferon (IFN)-γ,IL-4 and IL-10 in culture supernatant were increased at different degrees after one-hour coculture in the four coculture groups compared with the blank control group,but no statistical difference was noted among the four coculture groups in the supernatant levels of these cytokines (all P ＞ 0.05).After coculture with inactivated Penicillium marneffei conidia,the siRNA-transfected RAW264.7 cells showed a statistical decrease in phagocytosis rate (10.89％ vs.92.78％,P ＜ 0.05) and supernatant levels of IL-2,IFN-γ IL-4 and IL-10 compared with untransfected RAW264.7 cells.Conclusions In early stage of innate immunity,CR3 on macrophages may be one of the pattern recognition receptors participating in the recognition and mediation of phagocytosis of Penicillium marneffei.It's possible that both Thl-and Th2-type cytokines,such as IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-10,are involved in the immune response of macrophages against Penicillium marneffei.

Objective To compare the perioperative characteristics and long term outcomes between extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)-conventional cardiopulmonary switch (experimental group,26 cases) and off-pump high-risk coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG group,24cases).Methods Perioperative characteristics and survival rate were retrospectively analyzed between experimental group and OPCABG group.Long term survival rates without major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) were comparatively analyzed via Kaplan-Meier curves.Results The average Euroscore value were 11.7 ± 2.4 and 10.9 ± 2.0,respectively(P =0.208).The experimental group had a higher complete revascularization rate (96.2％ vs.66.7％,P =0.009),a shorter length of postoperative ECMO support [(33.1±23.6)h vs.(80.8±18.5)h],an intensive care unit stay[(4.8±1.1)d vs.(10.2±9.0)d]and a hospital stay [(17.7±6.3)d vs.(28.2±17.5)d] (all P＜0.05) as compared with OPCABG group.Preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) grading of cardiac function (r =0.511,P =0.008) and intraoperative ultrafiltration volume (r =-0.442,P =0.024) were significantly correlated with postoperative ECMO continuation in the experimental group.The follow-up period was (45.4 ± 15.2) months.The experimental group had a higher survival rate without MACE than had the OPCABG group (Log-rank test:x2=4.828,P=0.028).Conclusions The ECMO-conventional cardiopulmonary switch mode might facilitate a higher complete revascularization,a lower incidence of postoperative morbidities and improve the longterm survival rate without MACE for patients with high risks.

The Rad1 gene is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe Rad1 ortholog promotes cell survival against DNA damage and is required for G(2)/M checkpoint activation. In this study, mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells with a targeted deletion of Mrad1, the mouse ortholog of this gene, were created to evaluate its function in mammalian cells. Mrad1 (-/-) ES cells were highly sensitive to ultraviolet-light (UV light), hydroxyurea (HU) and gamma rays, and were defective in G(2)/M as well as S/M checkpoints. These data indicate that Mrad1 is required for repairing DNA lesions induced by UV-light, HU and gamma rays, and for mediating G(2)/M and S/M checkpoint controls. We further demonstrated that Mrad1 plays an important role in homologous recombination repair (HRR) in ES cells, but a minor HRR role in differentiated mouse cells.
Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Exonucleases ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; G2 Phase ; Gamma Rays ; Gene Deletion ; Hydroxyurea ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Ultraviolet Rays

Objective:To explore the effect of PSD-95 inhibitor ZL006 in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) and its potential mechanism.Methods:The seven-day-old healthy Wistar rats( n=80) were randomly divided into control group( n=20), sham operation group( n=20) and operation group (HIBD model group, n=40). The operation group was randomly divided into ZL006, treatment group (intraperitoneal injection of ZL006, 10 mg/kg, n=20) and non-treatment group ( n=20). The neonatal rats of each group were randomly selected on the 1st and 7th day after operation, and the degree of cerebral infarction was observed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining.The protein expression level of brain tissue in the injured area was examed by Western blot, and the effects of ZL006 on oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes in rats with HIBD were evaluated by ELISA. Results:(1) On the first day after operation, the brain injury was the most serious in the non-treatment group, and the cerebral infarction decreased in the ZL006 treatment group.On the 7th day after operation, a little infarction could be seen in the operation group, but there was no significant difference among other three groups.(2)On the first day after operation, the expression of PSD-95 protein in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the control group and sham operation group( P<0.01). There was significant difference in the expression of PSD-95 protein between the ZL006 treatment group and the non-treatment group ( P<0.05). On the 7th day after operation, there was no significant difference in the expression of PSD-95 protein among three groups.(3)On the first day after operation, the expression of 4-hydroxynonenal in the operation group was significantly higher than that in the control group and sham operation group( P<0.01), and that in the non-treatment group was higher than that in the ZL006 treatment group ( P<0.05). On the 7th day after operation, there was no significant difference in the expression of 4-hydroxynonenal among three groups.(4) On the first day after operation, the expression of superoxide dismutase in the operation group was significantly lower than that in the control group and sham operation group( P<0.01), and that in the non-treatment group was lower than that in the ZL006 treatment group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression level of superoxide dismutase among three groups on the 7th day after operation. Conclusion:It is suggested that PSD-95 may be involved in the early pathogenesis of HIBD, and ZL006 may have neuroprotective effect on HIBD in newborn rats.

Firstly, three 3-arylcoumarins 4a- 4c were synthesized from p-aminophenylacetic acid and salicylaldehyde by Perkin condensation reaction and hydrochloric acid acidification; subsequent-amidation reaction of 4a- 4c with substituted benzoyl chlorides 6a- 6h furnished; ten 3-(4′-benzoyl amino-phenyl)coumarins 7a- 7j. The structures of all target compounds were fully characterised by NMR and ESI-MS. Those target compounds were screened for-glucosidase inhibitory and advanced glycation end products(AGEs)formation inhibitory activity. The results showed that compound 7f had good inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase(IC50=10. 84±0. 36 μmol/L); compound 7g possessed much more potent inhibitory activity against AGEs formation(IC50=5. 01±0. 55 μmol/L)than the positive control aminoguanidine hydrochloride(IC50=290. 31±7. 32 μmol/L). These results provided a theoretical basis for further research on antidiabetic drugs.

Objective To study the relationship between pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) intron 4 gene polymorphism and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants.Method From January 2016 to January 2019,premature infants diagnosed with BPD in our hospital were selected as the BPD group,and non-BPD premature infants of the same ethnic group were selected as the control group.The genotype and allele distribution of SP-B intron 4 were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)method.Result A total of 74 infants with BPD were included,including 30 Mongolian infants and 44 Han infants.A total of 134 cases were in the control group,including 56 Mongolian infants and 78 Han infants.Wild type and variant type (including insertion and deletion) could be detected in SP-B intron 4 gene in both Mongolian and Han infants.The frequencies of wild and variant genotypes and alleles in Mongolian BPD infants were similar with the control group [36.7％ (11/30) vs.19.6％ (11/56),21.7％ (13/60) vs.12.5％ (14/112)] (P ＞ 0.05).The frequencies of wild and variant genotypes and alleles in Han infants with BPD were significantly different from the control group [31.8 ％ (14/44) vs.12.8 ％ (10/78),20.5 ％(18/88)vs.7.1％(11/156)] (P＜0.05).Conclusion The variation of intron 4 gene in SP-B may be related with the genetic susceptibility of Han infants with BPD in Inner Mongolia.

Objective:To investigate whether the synonymous variation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A3 (ABCA3) gene may increase the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in Mongolian and Han newborns in Inner Mongolia.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2019, the children of Mongolian and Han nationality who were hospitalized in the Department of Neonatal Pediatrics, affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University and the control group were sequenced by ABCA3 exon gene to analyze whether there was synonymous mutation in ABCA3 gene.Results:A total of 101 children with RDS were enrolled, including 37 children with Mongolian and 64 with Han children. There were 113 patients in the control group, including 45 Mongolian children and 68 Han children. Children with Mongolian and Han nationality RDS and control group can detect multiple synonymous mutation sites, such as: F353F, P585P, A227A, V150V, L982L, A928A, S1372S, P1653P, E1618E, and A1027A, etc, among them, four synonymous variants of p.A227A, p.F353F, p.P585P and p.S1372S are common synonymous mutants. In both Mongolian and Han nationality, the frequency of ABCA3 gene synonymous mutation in RDS group was significantly higher than that in control group (Mongolian: χ2=9.402, P=0.002; Han: χ2=9.348, P=0.002 ). The mutation rates of F353F and P585P in Mongolian and Han children with RDS were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(Mongolian F353F: χ2=5.270, P=0.022; Han F353F: χ2=5.532, P=0.019.Mongolian P585P: χ2=4.711, P=0.030; Han P585P: χ2=4.480, P=0.034). Conclusions:The synonymous variation of ABCA3 gene may increase the risk of RDS in Mongolian and Han newborns in Inner Mongolia, and F353F and P585P may be one of the susceptible genes of RDS in Mongolian and Han newborns in Inner Mongolia.