The mucosal surface of the digestive tract of Ophicephalus argus Cantor was observed with scanning electron microscope. The ultrastructural features of buccopharynx, oesophagus, stomach and intestine were observed. There are many microridges on the surface of mucosal cells of the buccopharynx and oesophagus. On the surface of mucosal cells of the stomach and intestine exist many microvilli, and numerous goblet cells located in the mucosal epithelium of the buccopharynx, oesophagus and intestine. These structural features may be related to feeding habits of Ophicephalus; argus.

Objective To investigate the effects of medullary reaming on respiratory and circulatory system in dog model during total hip replacement. Methods Twelve mongrels were randomly divided into two groups. In control group, femoral necks were cut while femoral canals were not disturbed. In experimental group, femoral canals were reamed with femoral rasps as done in total hip replacement. The changes of hemodynamics and pulmonary function were monitored during perioperative period. The postmortem pulmonary tissues were studied by pathological examination. Results No fat embolus was found in any lung sections of control group. Meanwhile, pulmonary fat emboli were found in all of experimental group. After fat embolism happened, cardiopulmonary effects included increased pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary shunt and pulmonary vascular resistance accompanying a decrease in partial pressure of oxygen and cardiac output. There is statistically significant difference in response between the two groups. Conclusion The present study showed that embolic events and intraoperative pulmonary impairment are common during reaming of femoral medullary canal in total hip replacements. Further research can be made with this model in order to reduce the risk of fat embolism syndrome.

Background and purpose:EPHA2 has been reported to enhance the proliferation of gastric cancer cells through promoting CyclinD1 expression and cell cycle progression. However, the underlying mechanism that EPHA2 promotes CyclinD1 expression and cell cycle progression is still poorly understood. Akt/mTOR signaling pathway has been reported to enhance the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by promoting CyclinD1 expression and cell cycle progression, and some studies have shown that EPHA2 can activate Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Based on this, this study investigated whether EPHA2 promoted gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell proliferation through enhancing Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.Methods:Western blot was used to determine the effect of EPHA2 overexpression or knockdown on the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in SGC-7901 cells. SGC-7901-NC infected with control lentivi-rus and SGC-7901-EPHA2 cells with EPHA2 overexpression were treated with DMSO, MK2206 (an Akt inhibitor) and RAD001 (a mTOR inhibitor) for different time periods, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected using the CCK8 assay. Cell cycle was detected using lfow cytometry, and the expression of CyclinD1 was determined by Western blot. Results:Overexpression of EPHA2 enhanced Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in SGC-7901 cells, and silencing EPHA2 in SGC-7901 cells inhibited Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. MK2206 and RAD001 antagonized the promoting effect of EPHA2 on the proliferation, S-phase and CyclinD1 expression of SGC-7901 cells, respectively.Conclusion:EPHA2 promotes SGC-7901 cell proliferation through enhancing Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Akt inhibitor or mTOR inhibi-tor could be an effective treatment strategy for gastric cancer patients overexpressing EPHA2.

ObjectiveTo explore the sensitivity of cancer stem cells to chemotherapy in human pancreatic carcinoma.MethodsPANC-1 ceils were cultured in an incubator filled with 5％ CO2 at a temperature of 37℃,and were labeled with Hoechst 33342.The SP analysis and sorting were performed using a FACSVantage SE.RT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of human CD133 ABCG2 and Notch1.SP and non-SP cells from the PANC-1 cell line were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 1,10,or 100 μg/ml) or gemcitabine (10,100,or 1000μg/ml),and the cell viability was determined using the MTT assay.The sensitivity of sorted tumor cells to chemotherapeutics was determined in NOD/SCID mice model.ResultsSP cells were found to have higher drug-resistance both in vivo and in vitro and higher levels of mRNA expression for CD133,ABCG2 and Notch1,when compared to non-SP ceils.The xenografted tumors derived from injected SP cells and treated with gemcitabine had more CD133± cells than the untreated group.ConclusionsThe SP of PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells are enriched with highly gemcitabine-resistant CSCs and determine the carcinogenesis of the PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells.

This study is to investigate the amelioration effect of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone on the changes of learning and memory abilities in rat model of depression. In the present study, a 35-day rat chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model was used to observe both depression-like behaviors with sucrose preference test and open-field test and learning and memory-associated behaviors with Morris water maze test. A total of 45 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups of equal size: control group (CON); CUS group (CUS); CUS + mifepristone group (CM). Animals in CM group were first exposed to CUS for 14 days, and then were administered with 50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) of mifepristone with continued CUS procedure. Corticosterone EIA Kit was used to detect the concentration of plasma corticosterone (CORT). Nissl staining was used to observe the structure of hippocampus. The results demonstrated that CUS exposure induced both depressive-like and learning and memory-associated behaviors and these deficits were reversed by mifepristone. Compared to CON group, the concentration of plasma CORT increased significantly in CUS group. CUS exposure damaged the structure of hippocampus, whereas mifepristone had an amelioration effect. Together, the structural deficits of hippocampus resulting from long-term stress exposure, which could contribute to the impairment of learning and memory in depression, are reversed by the GR receptor antagonist mifepristone.

Objective To evaluate and compare the histamine-releasing,potencies of cis-atracurium and atracurium during induction of general anesthesia.Methods Forty-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 16-71 yr undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15 each):group Ⅰcis-atracurium (stored at 4-8℃)(group CIS1);groupⅡcis-atracurium (stored at room temperature)(group CIS2) and group Ⅲ atracurium (stored at 4-8℃)(group ATR).Anesthesia Was induced with TCI of propofol (Cp 3 μg/ml) and remifentanil (Ce 3-5 ng/ml).A bolus of cis-atracurium 0.15 mg/kg or atracurium 0.75 mg/kg Was given iv over 5-10 s as soon as the patients lost consciousness.Neuro-muscular block was monitored with TOF-Watch(R) SX(Organon,the Netherlands).Single stimulation (0.1 Hz) was apphed to the ulna nerve at wrist.The maximal degree of N-M block,onset time,duration of action and recovery index were recorded.The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated when N-M block reached the maximal degree.The intubation condition Was evaluated.MAP and HR were continuously monitored.Changes in skin were scored (0=no change,Ⅰ=flushed>120 s,Ⅱ=erytbema,Ⅲ=urticaria).Blood samples were obtained before (T0,baseline),at 2 min after induction of anesthesia with TCI of propofol and remifentanil (T1) and 2 and 5 min after CIS/ATR administration (T2,T3) for determination of plasma histamine concentration using enzymatically amplified immunoassay.Results The onset time was significantly longer and the duration of action was significantly shorter in group CIS1 than in group ATR.The maximal degree of N-M block was 100%and the intubation condition was excellent in group CIS1 and ATR.There wag no significant difference in the recovery index between group CIS1 and ATR.The onset time was significantly longer and duration of action shorter in group CIS2 than in group CIS1.There was no significant difference in recovery index between group CIS1 and CIS2.There was no significant change in plasma histamine concentration at T1-3 as compared with the baseline at T0 in group CIS1 but plasma histamine concentration was significantly increased at T2,3 in group ATR.MAP was significantly decreased after induction of anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil,but CIS and ATR did not significantly change MAP.Conclusion The onset time is longer and duration of action is shorter after cis-atracurium than afar atracurium.The N-M block induced by cis-atracurium is significantly attenuated if stored at the room temperature.Cis-atracurium does not cause histamine release.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and significance of Fas, FasL and FADD in laryngeal carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical method was used to examine the expression of Fas, FasL and FADD in laryngeal carcinoma specimen and adjacent normal tissues. RESULTS The positive rates of Fas and FADD in laryngeal carcinoma tissue were significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissue, while FasL in laryngeal carcinoma tissue was higher than that in adjacent normal tissue(P

Objective To observe the effect of Huoxue Jiedu Recipe(Herbal recipe for activating blood and removing toxins)on proliferation and cell cycle status of keratinocytes cultured in vitro in psoriasis.Methods Using the serum pharmacologic technique,the clean SD rats were adopted to make the Huoxue Jiedu Recipe medicated serum(high,moderate,low dose),Dexamethasone medicated serum,and blank serum,which were added into the keratinocytes culture system respectively.After incubated for 48 hours,the cell proliferation of keratinocytes was measured by MTT assay,and the cell cycle distribution estimated with flow cytometer(FCM).Results The different density of Huoxue Jiedu Recipe could all inhibit significantly the generation of COLO-16 keratinocyte line and change the distribution proportion of each phase in the cell division cycle.Conclusion Huoxue Jiedu Recipe treats psoriasis through inhibiting the proliferation of keratinocytes.

Objective To study the characteristics of auditory brainstem responses with different forward - masking intervals in newborns with normal hearing ,and to find out the most efficient interval .Methods Auditory evoked brainstem responses were recorded from 30 newborns(60 ears) ,with forward - masking intervals of 4 ms ,8 ms ,16 ms ,32 ms ,and unmasked as control .The ABR data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 13 .0 .Results With forward - masking intervals ,all waves Ⅰ ,Ⅲ ,Ⅴ latencies and Ⅰ - Ⅴ ,Ⅰ - Ⅲ ,Ⅲ - Ⅴ interpeak latencies were significantly (P< 0 .01) prolonged compared with those of in the unmasked ,except wave Ⅲ and Ⅰ - Ⅲ interpeak latencies with 4 ms forward - masking intervals .The waves from 8 ms interval were the most prolonged .Conclusion Forward masking increases human newborn ABR latencies and interpeak latencies .The interval time influenced the effect ,and 8 ms interval is the most efficient .

Smu_195c is a protein with 86 amino acids in Streptococcus mutans, a primary pathogen for human dental caries. The specific function of Smu_195c is still unknown and there are no conserved domains in it. In order to find out its function, the gene encodes Smu_195c was cloned and expressed in E. coli as N-terminally 6*His tagged recombinant protein. Two crystal forms were obtained by the hanging drop method. Form Ⅰ belongs to space group P6122 or P6522 with the unit cell parameters a = b = 62.93 (A), c= 90.63 (A), γ=120° and form Ⅱ belongs to the space group P41212 or P43212 with the unit cell parameters a =b=57.97 (A), c = 103.51 (A).Crystals from the protein with His-tag belong to form Ⅰ, however, crystals from the protein without His-tag belong to both.