Interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R) is a transmembrane receptor that belongs to the typeⅠcytokine receptor fami-ly. It consists of the cytokine-specific α-chain (IL7Rα, CD127) and the shared common cytokine γ-chain (γc, CD132). IL-7R is expressed in various cell types, including lymphoid precursor cells, pro-B cells, T cells, thymocytes, dendritic cells, myeloid cells and monocytes. Under physiological conditions, IL7R is a vital cytokine for development and survival of T and B cells. IL7R plays a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding IL7Rαhave emerged through genetic studies of MS patients. In experimental autoimmune encephalomy-elitis (EAE) mouse model of MS, treatment with neutralizing anti-IL7Rαantibody results in significant improvement of EAE. Therefore, IL7R may serve as a novel target for MS therapies.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αis a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine, which is produced chiefly by acti?vated macrophages. Two forms of TNF-α, soluble and transmembrane, can bind tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1 or TNFR2, respectively. Recently, a concept has emerged that TNF-α/TNFR pathway plays an important role in the pathogene?sis of multiple sclerosis and remyelination. TNFR1 induces death of oligodendrocytes via death receptor-mediated apoptosis, which leads to demyelination or other neurodegenerative changes. However, TNFR2 has a positive effect on multiple sclero?sis. It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells, thus promoting remyelination.

BACKGROUND: Experiment suggests that the active component of Danggui Buxue decoction, i.e. polysaccharides, can significantly promote proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells, and regulate hematopoietic microenvironment.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of serum containing Danggui Buxue decoction on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) secretion in mice bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). METHODS: BMSCs were isolated and cultured in 96-well culture plate. BMSCs morphology and growth were observed by phase contrast microscopy. The cells were divided into four groups and cultured with different concentrations of the serum containing Danggui Buxue decoction. MTT method was used to observe the proliferation of BMSCs, and ELISA method was used to observe the expression level of G-CSF and IL-3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serum containing Danggui Buxue decoction significantly promoted BMSCs proliferation, and increased the expression level of G-CSF and IL-3 secreted from BMSCs in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, serum containing equivalent dose drugs significantly promoted BMSCs proliferation, and G-CSF and IL-3 expression compared with other groups. Higher concentration weakens cell proliferation and secretion effects.

Objective To evaluate the difference in coronary microcirculation and short term prognosis in patients with different collateral circulation and underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI) with complete occlusion of coronary artery. Methods The study included 42 patients who had been admitted in our hospital for NSTEMI or STEMI between 01/2012 to 12/2015 without receiving revascularization treatment and whose symptoms persisted for over 6 months. According to the results of coronary angiography and the Rentrop grade, the patients were divided into 2 groups: poor collateral circulation formation group (group A, Rentrop=0 -1, n=17) and well established collateral circulation group (group B, Rentrop=2-3, n=25). The basic clinical data and the result of coronary angiography were compared. A pressure-temperature sensor wire was used to measure index of mierocirculatory resistance ( IMR) immediately after PCI. An echocardiograph was used to measure left ventricular end systolic diameter ( LVEDd) and left ventricular ejection fraction ( LVEF) postoperatively and again at 3 months after operation to evaluate the changes in cardiac function. Results The IMR value of group A was significantly higher than group B (P﹤0. 05), the grade of collateral circulation had negative correlation with IMR value (r=-0. 671, P﹤0. 05). The mean changes in LVEDd in 3 months in group B was -0. 28 mm, while in group A was 5. 76 mm (P﹤0. 05). The mean changes in LVEF in 3 mouths in group B was 5. 36% and in group A was -3. 82% (P﹤0. 05). The grading of coronary collateral circulation had negative correlation with the changes of LVEDd in 3 months (r= -0. 669, P﹤0. 05), but had positive correlation with the changes of LVEF (r=0. 657, P ﹤0. 05). The IMR value had positive correlation with the changes of LVEDd in 3 months (r=0. 686, P﹤0. 05), but had negative correlation with the changes of the LVEF (r= -0. 664, P﹤ 0. 05 ) . Conclusions Patients with poor collateral circulation was more prone to coronary microcirculatory injury than patients with good collateral circulation. Patients with good collateral circulation and microcirculation had better prognosis after the revascularization of the infarction-related vessel.

Objective To evaluate cerebral parenchymal atrophy of patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD)through the compara-tive analysis of the volume and morphology of the brain ventricle between patients with AD and normal elderly.Methods 20 patients with AD and 20 normal elderly people were scanned at 3.0T MR,and lateral ventricle section images were achieved,and the lateral ventricle volume and the anterior horn,posterior horn and temporal horn of the lateral ventricle were calculated by analyzing the re-construction of section images with MIMICS software from Belgian.Results As compared with normal elderly group,the patients with AD exhibited significantly increased the volume of left ventricular volume(LV),right ventricular volume (RV)and total vol-ume (TV)(P<0.05).Angle of bilateral anterior horn and temporal horn but not posterior horn of the lateral ventricle in patients with AD were significantly higher than that in normal elderly (P<0.05).The volume of the left,right and total cerebral ventricle, the angle of the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricle and the angle of the temporal horn of the left and right lateral ven-tricle were negatively correlated with MMSE (P<0.05).Conclusion Patients with AD exhibites significantly greater volume and an-gle of the lateral ventricular than normal elderly people.These related data measured can predict brain parenchymal atrophy of pa-tients with AD more conveniently and accurately.

Objective:To explore the application of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technology in pathogens detection for spinal infection.Methods:From January 2019 to May 2020, a total of 41 patients including 31 males and 10 females with an average age of 59.7±11.9 years (29-75 years) were suspected of spinal infections. There were 37 patients with local pain, 15 with fever (≥38 ℃) and 18 with neurological dysfunction. The infected sites were as follows, 4 cases of cervical spine, 8 cases of thoracic spine and 29 cases of lumbar spine. There were 36 patients met the surgical indications and underwent open debridement, bone grafting, fusion and internal fixation, while the other 5 patients underwent conservative treatment (three received drug therapy and two were transferred to the internal department for chemotherapy). Lesions obtained from open surgery patients were underwent pathology and HTS examination. In 5 cases with conservative treatment, two of them underwent CT guided percutaneous puncture for samples, while one case underwent ultrasound guided percutaneous puncture for pus, one case for venous blood, and one case received lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid. The samples were sent for pathological and HTS examination, while liquid specimens were sent for bacterial culture and HTS. The sensitivity and specificity of HTS results were determined according to pathological examination which was regarded as the "gold standard". Based on HTS results combined with the clinical manifestations, imaging examination and pathological results of the patients, targeted antibiotics or anti-tuberculosis drugs were selected for postoperative drug therapy. Patients with bacterial infection received anti-infection treatment for 3 months after operation. For tuberculosis patients, "tetrad" (isoniazid+rifampicin+pyrazinamide+ethambutanol) anti-tuberculosis treatments were underwent for one year. Inflammation indicators from the blood samples were observed before and after treatment, including white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). These indicators were used to monitor disease progression and the curative effects. All patients were followed up for at least 3 months after surgery.Results:A total of 41 patients with suspected spinal infection were included in this study. The HTS pathogen detection results were obtained within 48 h. For the initial 5 patients, first-generation sequencing verification was conducted with coincidence rate 100%. Further, no further verification was conducted in the rest patients. Among the 41 cases, a total of 26 cases had positive results with a positive rate of 63.4%(26/41). Among them, thirteen cases were with mycobacterium tuberculosis (31.7%) and 6 cases with staphylococcus (14.6%). Fungi and Brucellosis were diagnosed in 2 cases respectively, accounting for 4.9% respectively. The test were negative in 15 patients (36.6%), including 2 patients with tumor or tumor-like lesions (1 hematologic tumor and 1 eosinophilic granuloma). A total of 38 patients underwent pathological examination, which confirmed 7 cases of suppurative infection, 12 cases of tuberculosis, 2 cases of tumor or tumor-like lesions and the remaining 17 cases of inflammatory lesions. The sensitivity and specificity of HTS were 80%(16/20) and 55.6% (10/18) with positive predictive value (PPV) 66.7% (16/24) and negative predictive value (NPV) 71.4% (10/14). All patients were followed up for 3 months. The inflammation indicators of blood at 3 months were all lower than that at admission. WBC decreased from (7.50±3.26)×10 9/L at admission to (6.22±2.53)×10 9/L at 3 months after treatment without statistically significant difference ( t=1.082, P=0.290). The CRP decreased from (32.2±34.1) mg/L to (4.5±10.5) mg/L, and ESR from (44.2±26.5) mm/1 h to (18.6±12.1) mm/1 h with statistically significant difference ( t=8.963, P<0.001; t=5.421, P<0.001). Conclusion:High-throughput sequencing technology can be used in detection of spinal infection pathogens, due to its relatively high positive rate, satisfied sensitivity and good diagnostic value.

Objective　To study the expression of p16, Rb proteins and their relationship. Methods　The expression of p16, Rb in 74 cases of NSCLC and 10 cases of normal lung tissues were studied by SP immunohistochemical technique. Results　p16 protein deletion rate in NSCLC was 45.95％, which was higher than that in normal lung tissue （P＜0.01）. p16 protein deletion correlated remarkably with lymph node metastasis（P＜0.01）. Rb protein deletion rate in NSCLC was 28.38％. No significant correlation of Rb deletion rate was found between NSCLC and normal lung tissues （P＞0.05）. p16 expression showed negative correlation with Rb expression（P＜0.05）. Conclusion　p16 deletion may play an important role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of NSCLC. There may be a negative feedback pathway between p16 and Rb.

Radiation safety has been a focus of attention in the past few years. This review summarizes the researches related to the effective dose (ED) of PET/CT in recent years, including the ranges and influential factors of ED. In order to provide guidance in clinical practice, the common methods for estimating ED of PET/CT are also introduced.

Objective To study and analyze the CT and MRI findings of hepatic eosinophilic infiltration. Methods Twenty nine patients of hepatic eosinophilic infiltration who were confirmed by biopsy or clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent CT and/or MRI scan. Twenty seven cases underwent upper abdominal CT plain scan and three phase enhanced scan, and 5 cases underwent upper abdominal MR plain scan and three phase enhanced scan, of which 3 cases underwent CT and MRI scan. Evaluations were made regarding to the numbers of lesion, distribution, size, shape, margin, density or signal characteristic, enhancement parttern and other special features. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the number of hepatic lesions and the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood. Results A total of 108 lesions of eosinophilic hepatic infiltration were observed in 29 cases, including 2 cases with single lesion and 27 cases with multiple lesions. Ninety five of the lesions were located in subcapsular parenchyma or surrounding the portal vein. Most subcapsular lesions were wedge-shaped(n=28). Lesions surrounding portal vein were round-shaped(n=32), while the hepatic parenchymal lesions were irregular or round-shaped(n=13). The mean size of lesion was 34 mm, ranging from 3 to 61 mm. The margin of all the lesions were obscure. The lesions showed slightly low density or isodensity on CT pre-contrast images. On MR pre-contrast images, lesions showed slightly low signal or isointense on T1WI, and hyperintense on T2WI. Branches of portal vein were found infilrated by all lesions. Tueleve cases showed“stripe sign”along the portal vein branches, 16 cases showed“halo ring sign”around the portal vein. Pearson analysis indicated a significant correlation between the number of eosinophilic hepatic infiltrated lesions and the increase of eosinophils in peripheral blood (r=0.783, P<0.05). Conclusion The imaging features of EHI had certain characteristics, especially in the three phase dynamic enhanced scanning, from which we can mainly find“progressive enhancement”,“portal vein sign”,“stripe sign”and“halo ring sign”.

Objective To investigate the practical value of a logistic regression model of serum indexes in distinguishing between geriatric depression and geriatric depressive state. Methods A total of 160 patients were recruited from the outpatient department from January 2013 to January 2016 ,and were divided into a depression group (n= 80)and a depressive state group (n= 80) ,with retrospective diagnoses based on the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-Third-Edition(CCMD-3).Serum samples were collected and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA)were used to determine the concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF ) ,glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) ,fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF-2) ,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ,interleukin-1β(IL-1β) ,interleukin-6 (IL-6) ,interleukin-10 (IL-10) ,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) ,cortisol (CORT ) ,and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF).Binary logistic regression analysis was used to establish the regression model ,and the ROC curve was drawn to explore its value of differentiating geriatric depression from depressive state. Results The levels of serum BDNF , GDNF and VEGF in the depression group were lower than those in the depressive state group (BDNF :208.7 ± 41.4 vs.262.9 ± 84.6 ng/L ,GDNF :92.3 ± 18.6 vs. 101.4 ± 30.9 ng/L ,VEGF :223.1 ± 98.2 vs. 257.8 ± 77.2ng/L) ,while the levels of IL-1βand CORT in the depression group were higher than in the depressive group(IL-1β:27.0 ± 4.9 vs.19.6 ± 5.7 μg/L ,CORT :96.3 ± 16.7 vs.83.0 ± 17.3 nng/L).In multivariate logistic regression analysis ,BDNF(OR = 0.987 ,P = 0.001) ,IL-1β(OR =1.29 ,P = 0.000)and CORT (OR = 1.065 ,P = 0.000)were selected to build the regression model. The regression equation was P=1/[1+e-(- 8.546 - 0.013(BDNF)+ 0.258(IL -1β)+ 0.063(CORT)) ]and the area under the ROC curve was 0.966.Compared with retrospective diagnoses made two weeks later ,the correct diagnosis rate of the logistic model was 90.47％. Conclusions The Logistic regression model of serum indexes can further differentiate between geriatric depression and depressive state which also offers additional benefits for the diagnosis ,differential diagnosis ,and treatment of depression.