Objective To evaluate the neurotoxicity induced by multiple exposures to sevoflurane anesthesia in the neonatal rats.Methods Thirty-two healthy SPF Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes,aged 7 days,weighing 15-20 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=16 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and multiple exposures to sevoflurane anesthesia group (group Sev).On postnatal day 7,14 and 21,2.6％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 2 h in group Sev,while the mixed gas of oxygen and air was inhaled instead of sevoflurane in group C.Morris water maze test was carried out on postnatal day 32-36 to assess the cognitive function.On postnatal day 21 and 36,8 rats in each group were selected and anesthetized,and the cerebrospinal fluid was collected for determination of the concentrations of amyloid β-protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with group C,no significant change was found in the escape latency,movement time spent in the effective region of the platform,movement distance,the number of entries into the effective region,percentage of residence time,percentage of movement distance,and percentage of the number of entries (P＞0.05),and the concentrations of amyloid β-protein in the cerebrospinal fluid were significantly increased on postnatal day 36 in group Sev (P＜0.05).Conclusion Multiple exposures to sevoflurane anesthesia can induce central neurotoxicity,but do not induce changes in the cognitive function in the neonatal rats.

In the present study, 89 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in China during 2007 to 2012 were randomly selected from the GenBank genetic sequence database. Evolutionary characteristics of these isolates were analyzed based on the sequences of non-struc-tural protein 2 (Nsp2) and glycoprotein 5 (GP5). The genetic variations of the isolates were also compared with six representative strains. The results showed that a high degree of genetic diversity exists among the PRRSV population in China. Highly pathogenic PRRSV isolates, with a discon-tinuous deletion of a 30 amino acid residue in the Nsp2 region, remained the most dominant virus throughout 2007-2012 in China. Owing to the extensive use of representative vaccine strains, natu-ral recombination events occurred between strains. Three isolates-HH08, DY, and YN-2011-were more closely related to vaccine strains than the other isolates. Both YN-2011 and DY were the evolu-tionary products of recombination events between strains SP and CH-1R. The results of the present study provide useful information for the epidemiology of PRRSV as well as for vaccine development.

Objective To investigate the effect of different volume of fresh gas on postoperative analepsia period of general anesthesia with sevoflurane in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods 181 ASAⅠ-Ⅱpatients aged 20 - 70 undergoing elective abdominal surgery were divided into group A (112 patients) and group B (69 patients). Both groups received sevoflurane general anesthesia during surgery. At the end of surgery , group A received fresh gas for no more than 2L/min , and group B received the gas for more than 2L/min. The recovery time of spontaneous breathing, eye-opening time (from the end of surger to eye opening), and time of endotracheal extubation (from the end of surgery to endotracheal extubation ) were recorded. Results There were no significant differences in the recovery time of spontaneous breathing ,eye-opening time and time of endotracheal extubation between group A and group B (P > 0.05); Gender and time of intraoperative continuous uses of sevoflurane had effects on the recovery time of spontaneous breathing , which showed statistical significances (P < 0.05). Conclusions Uses of fresh gas for no more than 2L/min or more than 2L/min after surgery have no marked effects on the recovery time. However , gender and time of intraoperative continuous uses of sevoflurane may have effects on the recovery time of spontaneous breathing.

Objective: To dynamically analyze the discipline status, influence factors and key issues of Chinese Journal of Hepatology from 2010 to 2016 and explore the development rules of citation indexes. Methods: We collected information published by the China Institute of Scientific and Technological Information [China Science and Technology Journal Citation Report (Core Edition)] and Wanfang Database Periodicals statistical analysis platform from 2010 to 2016. A bibliometric analyses on article volume, citation frequency, citation rate, h-index, ratio of fund-aided papers, periodical influence, key number published period, number of relevant articles, and so on were analyzed for annual’s impact factor. Results: According to the data released by the China Institute of Science and Technology Information, from 2010 to 2011, the impact factor of Chinese Journal of Hepatology was at leading level in the field of internal medicine and ranked sixth in the Journal of Internal Medicine. From 2012 to 2016, the overall comprehensive assessment score and citation frequency score of Chinese Journal of Hepatology were ranked first in the Journal of Gastroenterology. Core impact factors kept the discipline ahead. Indexes such as immediacy index, h- index, cited half-life and all other indicators were increased. Citation rate was >90% and cited issue number had greatly increased. Conclusion Chinese Journal of Hepatology has a leading position in the Journal of Gastroenterology and credited by inland readers and authors of digestive and infectious fields. It has played a positive role in promoting the development of the discipline.

Objective:To study the effects of Zuogui Pills on rats with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome of premature ovarian insufficiency.Methods:Totally 40 SD female unmated rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Zuogui Pills group and Bujiale group, with 10 rats in each group. Except for blank group, rats in other groups were subcutaneously injected with ZP3 and gavaged with levothyroxine sodium to induce kidney-yin deficiency syndrome model of premature ovarian insufficiency. At the same time of modeling, Zuogui Pills group and Bujiale group received corresponding drugs for gavage, and the other groups received corresponding solvent for gavage, once a day, for consecutive 21 days. On day 0, 7, 14 and 21, ear temperature and body weight of rats were measured, and the ovarian index, uterus index and thyroid index were calculated. Serum levels of adenosine cyclic phosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine phosphate (cGMP), Cortisol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol (E 2) were detected by ELISA. Pathological changes of ovary was observed with HE staining. Results:On day 14 and 21, compared with model group, the body weight of rats in Zuogui Pills group increased ( P<0.05), and the ear temperature decreased ( P<0.05); compared with model group, the ovarian index, uterine index and thyroid index of rats in Zuogui Pills group decreased ( P<0.05), the levels of serum cAMP/cGMP, cortisol, FSH and LH decreased ( P<0.05), and the level of E 2 increased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Zuogui Pills have certain improvement effect on rats with kidney-yin deficiency syndrome induced by levothyroxine sodium tablets combined with ZP3.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Huanglian Jiedutang in inhibiting the pyroptosis mediated by NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） inflammasomes and alleviating the acute liver injury （ALI） induced by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） in the mouse model of sepsis. MethodFifty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into blank， model， low- （3.08 g·kg^-1）， medium- （6.15 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （12.30 g·kg^-1） Huanglian Jiedutang， and positive control （dexamethasone） groups （n=9）. The mice were administrated with Huanglian Jiedutang at different doses by gavage for 7 days， and then LPS （15 mg·kg^-1） was injected intraperitoneally for the modeling of sepsis. In the positive control group， dexamethasone （0.05 g·kg^-1） was injected intraperitoneally 1.5 h after modeling， and the mouse sepsis score （MSS） was recorded 12 h after modeling. The mice were sacrificed for the collection of blood and liver tissue samples. The levels of alanine transaminase （ALT） and aspartate transaminase （AST） were measured by a biochemical analyzer. The levels of tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α， interleukin （IL）-6， IL-1β， and IL-18 in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the liver tissue. The content of NLRP3 was observed by the immunofluorescence assay. The expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD （ASC） was detected by immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of NLRP3， ASC， Caspase-1， and gasdermin D （GSDMD） in the liver tissue were determined by Western blot. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was employed to determine the mRNA levels of GSDMD， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and IL-18. ResultCompared with the blank group， the model group showed elevated levels of ALT and AST （P<0.01） and risen levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum （P<0.01）. In addition， the modeling resulted in edema and necrosis in the liver， and up-regulated the protein levels of GSDMD， NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 （P<0.01） and the mRNA levels of GSDMD， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and IL-18 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the drug intervention groups showed reduced content of inflammatory cytokines （P<0.01）， alleviated pathological damage in the liver tissue， and down-regulated protein levels of GSDMD， NLRP3， ASC， and Caspase-1 （P<0.05，P<0.01） and mRNA levels of GSDMD， Caspase-1， IL-1β， and IL-18 （P<0.05，P<0.01） in the liver tissue. ConclusionHuanglian Jiedutang can inhibit pyroptosis and reduce inflammation by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes， thus demonstrating a therapeutic effect on acute liver injury in the mouse model of sepsis induced by LPS.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（allo-HSCT）in the treatment of patients with Ⅲ,Ⅳ non-Hodgkin lymphoma（NHL）, and compared the efficacy between Cy- fractionated to talbody irradiation（fTBI）based conditioning regimen and Maryland, horse flange and mitoxantrone（BMM）.

METHODSThe clinical data of 47 patients with Ⅲ, Ⅳ NHL after allo- HSCT from November 1998 to May 2014 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. To observe the hematopoietic reconstruction recovery after transplantation, cumulative incidence of acute graft- versus- host- disease （aGVHD） and chronic graft- versus- host- disease （cGVHD）, transplantation related mortality （TRM）, recurrence rate （RR）, disease- free survival （DFS）, overall survival（OS）. Compare the efficacy of fTBI and BMM conditioning regimen at the same time.

RESULTSNeutrophils achieving 0.5×10⁹/L and platelets achieving 50×10⁹/L on day 17 （range, 10- 72） post transplantation. Acute GVHD occurred in 53.19%, among them, grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ occurred in 42.55%, grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ occurred in 10.65%, and cGVHD occurred in 21.28%. 21 patients were alive with a median follow up of 9.7 months（0.2-149.1 months）. Overall survival（OS）was 73.5%, 49.3%, 40.1% respectively in the first, third and fifth year in Cy-fTBI group; in BMM group it was 67.8%, 32.9% and 31.4% respectively, and disease-free survival（DFS）was 65.3%, 45.6%, 30.2% respectively in the first, third and fifth year. In Cy-fTBI group, the recurrence rate（RR）and transplantation related mortality（TRM）in the first year were 18.9%, 23.0% respectively, the third year were 19.5%, 38.3% and the fifth year were 35.2%, 39.2%. In BMM group, RR and TRM in the first year were 27.4%, 24.5% respectively, the third year were 38.9%, 46.4% and the fifth year were 39.2%, 48.2%. However, there was no significant difference in the indicator of OS, DFS, RR, TRM in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONAllo-HSCT could make some Ⅲ,Ⅳ NHL patients achieve long-term disease- free survival, but the TRM was still high relatively. Moreover, compared with the program of BMM conditioning regimen, Cy-fTBI might reduce the TRM and RR, meanwhile, increase the DFS and OS. However, due to the small number cases of two groups, there was no statistical significant difference.

Disease-Free Survival ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous

【Objective】 To investigate the application of different ureteral length measurement methods in the indwelling of double-J stent. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 260 patients with double-J stent indwelling after ureteroscopic surgery during Jul.2018 and Dec.2020 were prospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into height calculation group, CT measurement group, KUB group and ureteroscopic measurement group. The length of ureter was calculated accordingly and the appropriate length of double-J stent was selected. KUB was performed on the first day after operation and before extubation to determine the position of double-J stent. The patients completed the ureteral stent-related symptom questionnaire (USSQ), urinary symptom score, lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) score, pain score, hematuria score, and quality of life score before and after double-J catheter placement. 【Results】 There were no significant differences in age, gender, height, side of stent and urinary symptom score among the four groups (P>0.05). The average lengths of the ureters measured by the four methods were (21.5±1.0) cm, (21.5±1.8) cm, (23.8±1.3) cm and (21.7±1.8) cm, respectively. There were no significant differences among the height calculation group, CT measurement group and ureteroscope group, but there was significant difference between the three groups and the KUB group. The ideal ureteral stent length indwelling ratio in the ureteroscopic group was 76.9%, which was better than that in the other three groups. Postoperative indwelling time was 7-42 d (mean 29.8 d). The USSQ score of the ureteroscopic group before extubation was (14.1±1.5), which was lower than that of the other three groups (P<0.05). The ureteroscopic group was better than the other three groups in the comparison of frequency and urgency of urination, nocturia, hematuria, quality of life score, and pain score (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Intraoperative ureteroscopic measurement of the ureteral length is a simple and feasible method in guiding the indwelling of double-J stent to reduce ureteral stent related symptoms.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and prognostic factors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the treatment of patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) . Methods: The clinical records of 33 ALCL patients after HSCT were collected and analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the rates of overall survival (OS) and recurrence after autologous (auto-HSCT) and allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT) and the factors influencing prognosis. Results: The median-age of this cohort of 33 ALCL cases at diagnosis was 31 (12-57) years old with a male/female ratio of 23/10, 24 cases (72.7%) were ALK⁺ and 9 ones (27.3%) ALK^-. Of them, 25 patients (19 ALK⁺ and 6 ALK^-) underwent auto-HSCT and 8 cases (5 ALK⁺ and 3ALK^-) allo-HSCT with a median follow-up of 18.7 (4.0-150.0) months. Disease states before HSCT were as follows: only 6 patients achieved CR status and received auto-HSCT, 16 patients achieved PR (14 cases by auto-HSCT and 2 ones allo-HSCT) , the rest 11 cases were refractory/relapse (5 cases by auto-HSCT and 6 ones allo-HSCT) . There were 7 cases died of disease progression (5 after auto-HSCT and 2 allo-HSCT) and 5 cases treatment-related mortality (TRM) (2 after auto-HSCT and 3 allo-HSCT) , TRM of two groups were 8.0% and 37.5%, respectively. Both the median progression-free survival (PFS) and OS were 15 months after auto-HSCT, the median PFS and OS after allo-HSCT were 3.7 (1.0-90.0) and 4.6 (1.0-90.0) months, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of survival curves between the two groups (OS and PFS, P=0.247 and P=0.317) . The 2-year OS rates in auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT groups were 72% and 50%, respectively. The 5-year OS rates in auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT groups were 36% and 25%, respectively. Conclusion ALCL treated by chemotherapy produced high rates of overall and complete responses. Chemotherapy followed by auto-HSCT remained to be good choice for patients with poor prognostic factors. High-risk patients should be considered more beneficial from allo-HSCT.

Objective: To evaluate clinical outcomes of autologous (auto-HSCT) and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) . Methods: From June 2007 to June 2017, clinical data of AITL patients who underwent HSCT in eight hospitals were assessed retrospectively. Results: Of 19 patients, 13 male and 6 female with a median age of 50 (32-60) years old, 12 auto-HSCT and 7 allo-HSCT recipients were enrolled in this study, all donors were HLA-identical siblings. Two of allo-HSCT recipients were relapsed auto-HSCT ones. There were 5 patients (5/12) in complete response (CR) status and 7 (7/12) in partial remission (PR) status before transplantation in auto-HSCT group, and 2 (2/7) in PR status and 3 (3/7) in progression disease (PD) status before transplantation in allo-HSCT group. The median follow-up for the surviving patients was 46.5 months (range, 1-100 months) for the whole series, two patients lost in auto-HSCT group. Three patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) and 5 chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) after allo-HSCT. Three patients died of primary disease and 1bleeding in auto-HSCT group. One patient died of primary disease and 2 transplantation-related mortality in allo-HSCT group. The 3-year cumulative overall survival (OS) were 56% (95%CI 32%-100%) and 57% (95%CI 30%-100%) for auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT, respectively (P=0.979) . The 3-year cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) were 34% (95%CI 14%-85%) and 57% (95%CI 30%-100%) for auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT, respectively (P=0.451) . Conclusion Both auto-HSCT and allo-HSCT were optimal choices for AITL. In clinical practice, which HSCT was better for AITL patients should be based on comprehensive factors including sensitivity to chemotherapy, risk stratification and disease status at transplantation.