Objective To detect the effect of olfactory bulb(OB)lesion on proliferation,migration and differentiation of the neural stem cells(NSCs)in the subventricular zone(SVZ).Methods Forty-two healthy female SD rats were enrolled and randomly divided into normal control group,isotonic saline group and OB lesion at day 3,at weeks 1,2,3 and 4 groups,six rats per group.OB lesion was induced by N-methyl-D-aspartic acid(NMDA)injection.Bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU)was injected intraperitoneally to label NSCs.Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the proliferation of SVZ NSCs.In addition,another 18 rats were randomly divided into normal control group,isotonic saline group and lesion group,six rats per group.BrdU was injected intraperitoneally one week after OB lesion and then the animals were sacrificed four weeks after BrdU injection to detect the migration and differentiation of NSCs with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.Results Three days after OB lesion,BrdU-positive cells in SVZ began to increase(26.33 ± 2.58,P ＜0.01),reached the maximum at week 1 (35.33 +3.01,P＜0.01)and still sustained a high level at week 4(19.50+ 2.26,P＞0.05).Five weeks after the OB lesion,the rostral migratory-stream(RMS)and the BrdU-positive cells in OB were significantly increased(86.50 + 5.09,P ＜ 0.01)and(52.83 + 3.87,P ＜ 0.01),respectively.By using fluorescence double staining,most of the BrdU-positive cells were co-localized with the neuronal nuclear antigen(Neun),with a portion of BrdU-positive cells expressing the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Conclusions OB lesion can improve the proliferation of NSCs in SVZ and migration of NSCs to OB.The newborn cells can differentiate into not only neurons,but also gliocytes and may be involved in lesion repair.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid in Erxieting granule.Methods:A TechMate C18-ST(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column with a DAD detector was used.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) and 0.05% phosphoric acids in water (B) with gradient elution.The flow rate was 1.0 ml·min-1 and the detection wavelength was 237 nm.The sample size was 5 μl and the column temperation was room temperatence.Results:Linear calibration curves were obtained within the range of 10.32-51.62 mg·L-1 for liquiritin and 79.40-397.00 mg·L-1for glycyrrhizic acid.The average spiked recovery of liquiritin and glycyrrhizic acid was 98.10(RSD=1.0%,n=6)and 97.15(RSD=1.8%,n=6),respectively.Conclusion:The method is accurate,reproducible and stable,and can be used for the quality control of Erxieting granule.

Objective: To clarify the importance and practical significance of the standardized rate in primary healthcare work by comparing the differences in the prevalence of myopia in districts in Beijing before and after standardization. Methods: This study recruited a total of 41 029 students from 107 primary and secondary schools and 35 kindergartens from the 16 districts of Beijing municipality. All participants underwent distance vision and refractive testing. The presence of myopia was defined as naked eye vision of <5.0 and non-ciliary muscle paralysis under computer optometry with a spherical equivalent objective refractive error of <-0.50 diopters (<-0.50 D). The student composition outlined in the 2018-2019 Beijing Education Development Statistics Summary was used as a standard group to standardize the prevalence of myopia in students from various districts of Beijing. The difference in the pre-and post-standardization rates was used to compare the change in myopia in each district before and after standardization. Results: In 2018, the prevalence of myopia in students from Beijing was 57.3%. Stratified by school period, the prevalence of myopia in preschool, primary school, junior high school, ordinary high school, and vocational high school students was 12.1%, 38.4%, 77.2%, 88.3%, and 73.1%, respectively. Although the prevalence of myopia in Daxing District was the highest both before and after standardization, the difference in the prevalence rate was 13.8 percentage points. The prevalence of myopia in Miyun District was the lowest before standardization. However, after standardization, the prevalence of myopia was lowest in Huairou District. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among Beijing students is generally high. Before and after standardization, the prevalence of myopia in different districts was quite different. The results show that, in practice, the standardized prevalence can reveal the true epidemiological characteristics of specific disease.

Objective:To explore the learning guidance model and its influencing factors of undergraduates in medical schools.Methods:Based on the developmental learning guidance theory, 1 117 undergraduates from two undergraduate medical universities were selected as the research objects, through questionnaire surveys to collect their knowledge learning, curriculum learning and other core variables, and balanced guidance, compound guidance and other outcome variables, using Smart PLS 3.0 to test the validity of the samples.Results:There were statistical significance in the path relationship affecting the core variables and the outcome variables of the learning guidance model, P<0.05, indicating that the influencing factors of the learning guidance model had a significantly positive effect on the learning guidance model construction. Conclusion:Constructing a "balanced-compound-special" learning guidance model suitable for undergraduates' learning activities in medical universities provides a reference for the application and promotion of learning guidance model in medical undergraduate stage.

Objective To explore the clinical value of prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation. Methods The ultrasonographic characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging features of 17 fetuses who were diagnosed as the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation in Maternal and Child Heath Hospital of Hubei from January 2011 to December 2016 were compared. Results Fifteen cases of Galen aneurysmal malformation. Were diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound during the third trimester. The sonographic feature was a hypoechogenic structure located in the middle line with arteriovenous fistula waveform in doppler analysis, and the cerebral venous sinus of all cases were dilated. Real time three dimensional power doppler can display the angioarchitecture and the communications between widened vascular sinus. MRI feature was the expansion of venous aneurysm located in the middle line, greater cerebral venous pool and quadrigeminal area and tortuous flow void vessels. Among 17 cases, 2 cases of Galen venous aneurysm malformation were misdiagnosed and 7 cases were diagnosed by MRI. There were 15 terminations and 2 neonatal died after birth. Conclusions Galen aneurysmal malformations have typical sonographic findings, and MRI can show neurologic development and impairment. Combined application of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging technology can more accurately and comprehensively observe the pathological features of Galen venous aneurysm malformation and diagnose the related complications early.

Objective: To understand the current situation of tobacco use in primary and secondary school staff members in Beijing in 2019, and its association with adolescent tobacco use and exposure, in order to promote the construction of smoke-free schools. Methods: During April to June in 2019，PPS sampling was used to select primary schools, secondary schools and vocational high school. Each selected school randomly investigates 20 faculty members, totalling 2 737. The monitoring contents mainly include the current tobacco use, knowledge and attitude towards health risk of smoking among the school staff. Results: The faculty did not receive the training of adolescent tobacco control (OR=0.20,95%CI=0.14-0.28) were only 20% likely to teach tobacco hazard knowledge compared to the trained staff, and refusal to use tobacco control instruction manual (OR=0.21,95%CI=0.14-0.32) was negatively associated with teaching tobacco control with students. Staff members having given lectures on tobacco refusal were more inclined to uphold "any people can t smoke anywhere on campus "(98.53%), and the interpretation of the rules tends to be more clear. Staff who has been employed for 20-30 years (OR=3.35,95%CI=2.22-5.05) were the most probably to preach tobacco control among students(P＜0.05). Conclusion Staff caring about health and participate actively in health training were more willing to spread health knowledge. More attention should be paid to the cultivation of health literacy of school staff, and proactively guide faculty unwilling to instruct students in health hazard of smoking to gradually realize the importance of adolescent tobacco control.

Objective: To understand current situation of e cigarette use and associated factors in primary and secondary school students in Beijing, in order to promote the construction of smoke free schools. Methods: During April to June in 2019, PPS sampling was used to select primary schools, secondary schools and trade schools. In each selected school, randomly sampling method was conducted until the sample size was reached. There were 18 312 students included in the analysis. Surveillance information mainly included the current situation of electronic cigarette use and associated factors. Results: Among primary and secondary school students who have known about e cigarettes, female students were less likely to use e cigarettes than male students ( OR = 0.47 , 95% CI =0.42- 0.54 ). After entering the second year of junior high school, the possibility of using e cigarettes increased. Smoke free home was associated less e cigarettes usage ( OR =0.78, 95% CI =0.69-0.88). Primary and secondary school students with average daily allowance of 30~<150 yuan and no less than 150 yuan were 1.43 (95% CI =1.22-1.67) times and 2.24 (95% CI =1.79-2.79) times more likely to use e cigarettes than those with 0-10 yuan allowance, respectively. The probability of using e cigarettes among primary and secondary school students who have not tried using cigarettes was only 16.4% compared with those who have tried cigarettes ( OR =0.16, 95% CI =0.14-0.19). Conclusion It is necessary to curb the prevalence of e cigarettes among primary and secondary school students. Actions need to be taken urgently to fill in the gaps or correct the mistakes in children and adolescents cognition of e cigarettes, and to adopt more innovative methods to scientifically guide children and adolescents to stay away from e cigarettes.

Objective:To establish the nutrition literacy core items for Chinese pregnant women.Methods:The framework system and preliminary items of nutrition literacy were established through literature review and experts consultation. E-Delphi method was used to determine the nutrition literacy items.11 experts in the field of maternal and child nutrition, obstetrics and gynecology, health education and nutrition and diseases were invited to score the importance of each nutrition literacy item via Email. The judgment basis and familiarity of experts towards the items, active coefficient, authority coefficient and harmony coefficient were evaluated and analyzed to generate the final list of nutrition literacy items.Results:The active coefficients of consultation in two rounds were 81.8% (9/11) and 87.5% (8/9).The authority coefficients were (0.86±0.11) and (0.85±0.06).The average scores of importance were (4.32±0.84) and (4.58±0.57) and the harmony coefficients were 0.387 (χ2=90.472, P<0.001) and 0.290 (χ2=46.752, P=0.002) respectively. After the second round of consultation, all selected items met the inclusion criteria. We identified the final list of nutrition literacy items consisting of 3 scales (basic knowledge and concept, lifestyles and dietary behaviors, and basic skills), 10 sub-scales (basic nutrition concept, food and nutrition knowledge, nutrition and disease knowledge, lifestyles, dietary behaviors, preparation for breastfeeding, gestational weight management, gestational disease management, acquisition, understanding and application of nutrition information, judgement of nutrition information, and nutrition decision making) with 24 items in total. Conclusions:The framework system and core items of nutrition literacy are established for Chinese pregnant women based on E-Delphi method. The experts involved in the consultation process present a performance with good representativeness, enthusiasm and authority. All experts′ opinions are coordinated and unified, which could satisfy the demand of developing nutrition literacy core items for target population.

Objective:To establish the nutrition literacy core items for Chinese lactating women.Methods:The framework system and preliminary items of nutrition literacy were established through literature review and experts consultation. E-Delphi method was used to determine the nutrition literacy items. 11 experts in the field of maternal and child nutrition, obstetrics and gynecology, health education and nutrition and diseases were invited to score the importance of each nutrition literacy item via Email. The judgment basis and familiarity of experts towards the items, active coefficient, authority coefficient and harmony coefficient were evaluated and analyzed to generate the final list of nutrition literacy items.Results:The active coefficients of consultation in two rounds were 81.8% (9/11) and 87.5% (8/9). The authority coefficients were (0.86±0.11) and (0.85±0.06). The average scores of importance were (4.03±1.24) and (4.64±0.50)and the harmony coefficients were 0.556 (χ2=163.42, P<0.001) and 0.40 (χ2=64.41, P<0.001). After the second round of consultation, all selected items met the inclusion criteria. We identified the final list of nutrition literacy items consisting of 3 scales (basic knowledge and concept, lifestyles and dietary behaviors, and basic skills), 10 subscales (basic nutrition concept, food and nutrition knowledge, feeding knowledge, lifestyles, dietary behaviors, feeding behaviors, weight management, complementary food production, acquisition, understanding and application of nutrition information, judgement of nutrition information, and nutrition decision making) with 24 items in total. Conclusions:The framework system and core items of nutrition literacy were established for Chinese lactating women based on E-Delphi method. The experts involved in the consultation process presented a performance with good representativeness, enthusiasm and authority. All experts′ opinions are coordinated and unified, which could satisfy the demand of developing nutrition literacy core items for target population.

To conduct the association between vitamin B12 and mental health in children and adolescents. Five databases were searched for observational studies in any language reporting on mental health and vitamin B12 levels or intake in children and adolescents from inception to March 18, 2022. Two authors independently extracted data and assessed study quality. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of data were performed. The review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022345476). Fifty six studies containing 37,932 participants were identified in the review. Vitamin B12 levels were lower in participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (standardized mean difference [SMD], −1.61;95% confidence interval [95% CI], −2.44 to −0.79; p ＜ 0.001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (SMD, −0.39; 95% CI, −0.78 to −0.00; p = 0.049) compared with control group. Vitamin B12 intake were lower in participants with ASDs (SMD, −0.86; 95% CI, −1.48 to −0.24; p = 0.006) compared with control group, but showed no difference between depression group (SMD, −0.06; 95% CI, −0.15 to 0.03; p = 0.17) and the control group. Higher vitamin B12 intake were associated with lower risk of depression (odds ratio [OR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63−0.98; p = 0.034) and behavioral problems (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69−0.99; p = 0.04). The vast majority of included studies supported potential positive influence of vitamin B12 on mental health, and vitamin B12 deficiency may be a reversible cause for some mental health disorders in children and adolescents.