Objective:To explore the mechanism of action of thymosin ? 4 (T? 4) in septic shock by observing the 72h survival rate of septic shock mice treated with thymosin ? 4 and exploring the changes of TNF-? and IL-1?.Methods:LPS(lipopolysaccharide) was intraperitoneally injected into clean Kunming mice to establish the animal model.①The T? 4,between normal and septic shock mice were determined.②The survival rate of septic shock mice was studied by intraperitoneal injection of T? 4.Animals were divided into four groups of 30 and each received LPS(25mg/kg)intraperitoneal injection.Group Ⅰ was LPS control group.GroupⅡ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were individually injected with T? 4 at 0h,0h,2h;0h,2h,4h post LPS through caudal vein.③TNF-? and IL-1? were examined in septic shock mice by ELISA.Results:T? 4 was obviously decreased in the blood of septic shock mice.T? 4 could raise the 72h survival rate of septic shock mice and down-regulate inflammatory mediators.Conclusion:The optimal protective methods in the mouse appears to be 5mg/kg T? 4 given immediately following(0h) and at 2h and 4h successively post LPS.T? 4 down-regulates the inflammatory mediators,which may be the mechanism of T? 4 in curing the septic shock.

Visiting doctors' training is a main part of medical education in general hospital,but it has not gained full attention.Based on the features of visiting doctors and the department,a new teaching method-tutorial system was applied to enhance the responsibility of tutors and the sense of belongings of visiting doctors.Individual teaching method was used to enhance the overall quality of visiting doctors and to guarantee the safety of anesthesia treatment for patients.The tutorial system clarified and enhanced the relationship between tutors and visiting doctors and it would be a new teaching mode for the visiting doctors' education in the department of anesthesiology.

Objective To assess Chinese parental requirement for relieving their preoperative anxiety,and their attitudes regarding the measures reducing their anxiety and to investigate the possible factors associated with increased anxiety.Methods One hundred and four pairs of pediatric patients (aged 2-12 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia and their parents were enrolled in this study.The general data of the pediatric patients and their parents and parental requirement for relieving their preoperative anxiety,and their attitudes regarding the measures reducing their anxiety were obtained using a questionnaire.Parental and children's anxiety? levels were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS),respectively.Results Parental anxiety levels were positively correlated with the children's anxiety levels (r =0.254).Parental desires to relieve their own anxiety under the personal direction of medical staff were significantly higher than the desires for the other measures; parental desires to relieve their own anxiety through parent-present induction of anesthesia (PPIA) were significantly lower than the desires for the other measures.The factors influencing parental attitudes included gender,educational level,preoperative anxiety level,and preoperative children' s anxiety level.Conclusion To relieve Chinese parental anxiety before surgery,the anesthesiologists should be aware that the majority of parents have a high desire to receive verbal instructions from medical staff before surgery was performed on their children and should provide enough information related to anesthesia and surgery; when PPIA is applied,parental desire for PPIA should be taken into full account; the anesthesiologists offer support and comfort for the parents properly.

Objective To investigate the incidence of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases in patients with breast cancer.Methods Clinical and ultrasound evaluation of thyroid gland,detection of serum thyroid hormone and related antibodies,and fine-needle aspiration of thyroid gland were performed in 100 breast cancer patients and 100 control individuals during the period from 2004 to 2008.Results The mean values of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than that in control individuals [(104.56±21.54) U/ml vs (22.16±4.65) U/ml,(P=0.030)].The incidence rates of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases were higher in breast cancer patients than that in control individuals[38 ％ (38/100) vs 17 ％ (17/100),P=0.0009,26 ％ (26/100) vs 9 ％ (9/100),P =0.0016,respectively].Conclusion The results indicate an increased incidence of autoimmune and nonautoimmune thyroid diseases in breast cancer patients.

Objective To discuss effects of Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride Tablets and Composite Saliviae Dropping Pill in treating congetive heart failure.Methods 191 patients of congestive heart failure were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=96)and the control group(n=95).The treatment group based on therapy as the control group adds Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride Tablets(20 mg,three time per day,by mouth)and Composite.Saliviae Dropping Pill(15 grains every time,three times per day,hy mouth).The control group was treated with Aspirin,?-retarder, ACEI,diuresis,and tonify the heart and blood vessel activity drug.Results 49 patients(51.0%)were apparent, and 40 patients were effective in treatment group(41.7%),the total effective rate was92.7%; the control group's were apparent 39 patients(41.1%)were apparent,and 37 patients(38.9%)were effective in control group,the total ef- fective rate was 80.0%.The total effctive rate of two groups according to statistics(x~2=6.56,P

bjective: To study the expression of Slit protein and vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF) in carcinogenesis of human oral mucosa and to investigate the relationship between the Slit and angiogenesis.Methods: The expression of Slit protein and VEGF was detected using immunohistochemical method,microvessel density (MVD) was counted following immunostaining with anti-vWF antibody in 40 cases of human oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC),18 cases of simple hyperplasia,20 cases of dysplasia,20 cases of carcinoma in situ and 19 cases of normal oral mucosa(NOM).Results The positive expression of Slit was detected in 34 cases of OSCC,4 of simple hyperplasia,7 of dysplasia,9 of carcinoma in situ and 1 of NOM(P

Objective To compare the effectiveness of training with a digital video disc ( DVD)-based instruction ver-sus intubation model simulator in placement of endotracheal tube by video -laryngoscope .Methods Sixty patients un-dergoing elective gynecology surgeries and twenty residents of Dept .of anesthesiology were randomized to place a en-dotracheal tube by video-laryngoscope .Results Compared with intubation model simulator , intubation time [ (68 ± 14)s vs (69 ±7)s], score of performance (8.24 ±0.64 vs 8.31 ±0.58), failure rate (3 times/11 vs 1time/9 resi-dents), and instruction rate (5times/11 vs 4times/9 residents) were no statistic difference .Conclusions Digital video disc ( DVD)-based instruction is an alternative way to intubation model simulator in training .

Objective To investigate the immunoregulatory effects of propofol on airway hyperresponsiveness,airway inflammation and Thl/Th2 ratio in the asthmatic mice.Methods One hundred female BALB/c mice,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 18-20 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =20,each):control group (normal saline i.p.,group C),asthma group (group A),low-dose propofol (50 mg/kg i.p.,group LP),medium-dose propofol (100 mg/kg i.p.,group MP) and high-dose propofol (150 mg/kg i.p.,group HP).Mice of groups A,LP,MP and HP were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA),mice of group C were sensitized with normal saline.24 h after the last challenge,animals were sacrificed by lethal dose of pentobarbital sodium.Blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for determination of serum OVA-specific IgE and the levels of cytokines (IL-4,IL-5 and IFN-γ) in the BALF.Airway responsiveness was measured by the forced-oscillation technique and histological inflammation scores were measured by staining with hematoxylin and eosin.Results Propofol (group LP and group MP) attenuated airway hyperresposiveness to the muscarinic agonist methacholine in OVA-induced asthma.Different doses of propofol (group LP,group MP and group HP) decreased eosinoplils influx in lungs.In addition,propofol treatment reduced expression of IL-4,IL-5 and serum OVA-specific IgE and increased the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4.Conclusion The study demonstrates a potential protective value of propofol in alleviating airway inflammation,up-regulating Th1/Th2 ratio and attenuating airway hyperresposiveness in the asthmatic mice.

Objective To analyze the use of the semantic type of the top-level ontology of military medicine in order to find problems with the semantic type framework and make it more scientific and comprehensive.Methods Using data driven method, the frequency with which the semantic type of the top-level ontology of military medicine was used in military medical core concepts was statistically analyzed.Results By ranking the use frequency of the semantic types, the semantic types which had higher or lower frequency, and those that had never been used were analyzed.Conclusion The established semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine is basically consistent with the expression of military medical knowledge and can be constantly updated and improved with the development of military medicine.

Objective To explore the construction method of semantic types of military medical ontology and to establish a framework for the semantic types of the top-level ontology of military medicine in order to lay the foundation for the construction of military medical ontology and provide support for knowledge organization, knowledge disclosure and knowledge service of military medical information resources.Methods Using the method of document measurement, the core concept set of military medicine was constructed.On the basis of the framework of the top-level semantic types of Unified Medical Language System(UMLS), the semantic type framework was completed by the combination of bottom-up and top-down modes, using semantic analysis and expert consultation.Results By classifying the same kind of knowledge points of military medicine into one semantic type, the hierarchical structure of the semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine was obtained.Conclusion The proposed method is effective and practical for the construction of the semantic types of military medical ontology.The established semantic type framework of the top-level ontology of military medicine could reconstruct military medical knowledge and provide the basic framework for the establishment of the semantic relationships of the top-level ontology of military medicine.