Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and high mortality.Early diagnosis is the key for HCC treatment.DNA methylation is one of the important mechanisms of epigenetic genetics.To investigate the mechanism of DNA methylation can provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of HCC,and the methylation level of the specific genes can also be used as the biomarkers of HCC for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.

0.05] between group L and other two groups.Conclusion PCEA with 0.125% levobupivacaine containing fentanyl 2 ?g?ml-1 provides adequate pain relief after cesarean section with recovery of motor function similar to that with 0.2% ropivacaine and 0.125% racemic bupivacaine.

Objective To evaluate the effect of gabapentin on Cav3.2 channels in the dorsal root ganglia ( DRG) of rats with neuropathic pain. Methods Thirty male Sprague?Dawley rats, aged 6-7 weeks, weighing 225-275 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table:sham operation group ( S group) , neuropathic pain group ( NP group) and gabapentin group ( G group) . In NP and G groups, neuropathic pain was induced by chronic constriction injury to the left sciatic nerve. Starting from 7th day after operation, gabapentin 100 mg∕kg in 1 ml of normal saline was injected intraper?itoneally twice a day for 7 consecutive days in group G, and the equal volume of normal saline was given twice a day for 7 consecutive days in S and NP groups. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold ( MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency ( TWL) were measured on day 3 before operation and on postoperative days 3, 7 and 14. After the last measurement of pain thresholds on the postoperative day 14, 4 rats were sacrificed for determination of Cav3. 2 mRNA expression ( by real?time polymerase chain reaction) and Cav3.2 protein expression (by Western blot) in the DRG. Results Compared with S group, the MWT was significantly decreased, and TWL was significantly shortened on postoperative days 3, 7 and 14, and the expression of Cav3.2 protein and mRNA in the DRG was significantly up?regulated in group NP, and the MWT was significantly decreased, and TWL was significantly shortened on postoperative days 3 and 7 ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the expression of Cav3.2 protein and mRNA in the DRG in group G ( P>0.05) . Compared with NP group, the MWT was significantly increased, and TWL was signif?icantly prolonged on the postoperative day 14, and the expression of Cav3.2 protein and mRNA in the DRG was significantly down?regulated in group G ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The mechanism by which gabapentin attenuates neuropathic pain may be related to inhibition of the function of Cav3.2 channels in the DRG of rats.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of transcranial magnetic stimulation motor evoked potentials (TMS-MEP) of rectus abdominis in the diagnosis of thoracic spinal cord injury. Methods The innervation of rectus abdominis and dermatomal distribution were studied in 5 adult cadavers. MEP of bilateral rectus abdominis in different segments was measured and recorded in 25 normal subjects for reference and in 23 patients with T4-T12 spinal cord injury. Results The anatomic study showed that rectus abdominis was innervated by 7 pairs of intercostal nerve from T6 to T12, useful to determine the MEP recording points in the body surface. In all normal subjects, T6-T12 MEP of bilateral rectus abdominis were recorded successfully and the referential range of normal MEP was established. The MEP peak latencies of each level were significantly different each with other. Among 23 patients suffering from thoracic spinal cord injury, 12 cases with complete paralysis had no MEP record below the injured level and no neurological recovery during the follow-up; while in 11 cases with incomplete paralysis, abnormal MEP were recorded in all but one with T4 fracture, the MEP of this patient disappeared below T6. The change of MEP of rectus abdominis was consistent with the level of fracture except in 1 case. During follow-up, 9 cases with incomplete paralysis patients showed recovery to different extent. Conclusion According to neuroanatomy, segmental MEP of rectus abdominis can be evoked and recorded in all normal subjects. The MEP peak latencies are significantly different in each level. MEP of rectus abdominis is proved to have the localizing and characteristic diagnostic value in the evaluation of the thoracic spinal cord injury.

Atherosclerosis has been considered as one of inflammatory disease. Besides its action on vasomotor tone regulation, nitric oxide (NO) is recognized to be an anti-inflammatory molecule. The anti-inflammatory effects of NO are attributable to inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B activation.

The incompatibility of traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine compatibility theory,while early toxicity predetermination of traditional Chinese medi?cine is an important component of drug safety evaluation. Once a simple and reliable method to predict the compatibility of Chinese medicine and Chinese traditional medicine is established,it is possible to obtain the data of toxic reaction of Chinese herbal medicine quickly and early. Pregnane X receptor (PXR)is a ligand dependent transcription factor,acting as a ligand or activator of a large number of clinical drugs and of cytochrome P-450 CYP3A (CYP3A) gene expression induced by PXR. In the course of treatment of diseases,the activation of PXR may increase the risk of drug interactions and adverse reactions,resulting in decreased efficacy and even toxicity. This paper may provide a new method of drug toxicity predetermination depending on the PXR-CYP3A pathway.

Diabetes mellitus has become the third threaten diseases second only to cardiovascular disease and tumor.Many re-searches demonstrated that the microRNAs(miRNAs)in blood related to the occurrence and development of diabetes melli-tus.Because of the non-invasion and repeatability of circulating miRNAs,the circulating miRNAs have a broad application prospect of diagnosis and prognosis evaluation for various types of diabetes.This overview arms to introduce the source and characters of circulating miRNA,and also the progress of circulating miRNA related to diabetes mellitus,so as to lay a foun-dation for further research.

Objective:To investigate the potential of differentiating into myocytes of the granulocyte colony stimulating factor(G CSF) and Simvastatin mobilized bone marrow stem cells. Methods:After injection of isoprenaline(ISO) interaperitoneally to develop acute ischemic model, rat bone marrow stem cells were mobilized by G CSF and dextran sulfate sodium salt and migrated to the site of myocardial infarction. Hearts were harvested from 24 hours to 24 weeks after administration of ISO for histopathological examination.Immunohistochemisty?HE and VG stain were used to detect infiltration of CD34 + monocytes and the regeneration of myocytes and the inhibition of fibroatrophy of ischemic myocardium.Results:24 hours after administration of ISO,a large amount of infiltrative monocytes and regenerative myocytes which were CD34 positive expression could be found in the infarct zones of the G CSF treatment group,while majority of the infiltrative inflammatory cells in control group were neutrophils and there was no infiltrative cells and myocytes which were CD34 positive expression,4 weeks after administration of ISO,there were a plenty of scar in control group,but not in the treatment group.Conclusion:Rat bone marrow stem cells were mobilized by G CSF and Simvastatin,and migrated to the site of myocardial infarction,and differentiated into viable cardiomyocytes or vascular endothelial.The heart function remarkably was improved by regeneration of myocytes,inhibition of fibroatrophy and protection of ischemic myocardial structure.

The bioactivity tests showed that the induce resistance of oligochitosan was close relation with its degree of polymerization (DP) and its degree of deacetylation (DDA), the oligochitosan with low DP and high DDA has high induce resistance. In this paper, we used HPLC method and TOF-MS method detecting the DP and DDA of oligochitosan.