Objective To explore the establishment and effectiveness of school-based training bases.Methods Two hundred forty-six nursing students having finished theoretical learning and possessing into clinical practice were divided into the control group(n=121)and the observation group(n=125).The control group received the conventional training in out-school training bases and the observation group in the school-based training bases.The two groups were compared in terms of creative thinking and the performances of nursing theory,manipulations and assessed by their teachers.Result The scores on creative thinking and the performances in nursing theory and manipulation in the observation group were both significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05)and the assessment by teachers in the observation group was better than the control group.Conclusion The school-based training base used for nursing teaching can not only improve the nursing theory and manipulation of nursing students but also improve the creative thinking.

Objective To investigate the molecular expression and clinical significance of Vimentin and E-cadherin during epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues.Methods Hepatocellular carcinoma and paracancerous tissue were collected from 55 patients,while nonneoplastic nonnal liver tissue were collected from 20 patients without cancerous diseases as control group.Expressions of Vimentin and E-cadherin were examined by immunohistochemistry staining.Clinicopathological features of the relative expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin,and its influence on prognosis were discussed as well.Results Vimentin was positively expressed in 69.1％ cancer tissue,and was significantly higher than paracancerous tissues and normal liver tissues(P ＜ 0.05).E-cadherin was positively expressed in 27.3％ cancer tissue and was significantly lower compared with paracancerous tissues and normal liver tissues(P ＜0.05).The expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin was negatively correlated(r =-0.653,P ＜ 0.05).Vimentin expressions in subgroups of TNM stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ,poor differentiation,multiple tumor nodules,metastasis and recurrence were all significantly higher than the respective subgroups as TNM stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ] (x2 =7.267,P ＜ 0.05),moderate to well differentiation (x2 =4.045,P ＜ 0.05),single tumor node (x2=12.143,P ＜0.05),without metastasis or recurrence (x2 =7.267,P ＜ 0.05).On the contrary,Ecadherin showed higher expression in the subgroup of single tumor node compared with multiple tumor nodules(x2 =6.878,P ＜ 0.05).The follow-up of patients further demonstrated that patients with positive Vimentin expression had a significantly lower disease-free survival compared with the Vimentin negative group (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Vimentin and E-cadherin both participated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of hepatocellular carcinoma.High expression of Vimentin and low expression of E-cadherin were closely correlated with occurrence and development of HCC.Vimentin and E-cadherin may serve as impottant biomarkers in clinical diagnosis and prognosis prediction of HCC.

Aim To investigate the expression of Notch pathway and Nephrin in angiotensin Ⅱ ( AngⅡ)-stimulated mice podocyte. Methods Mice podo-cyte was stimulated by AngⅡ, and then was treated with valsartan. The levels of Notch1, Notch intracellu-lar domain 1 ( NICD1 ) , Hes1 and Nephrin were deter-mined by immunofluorescence, Western blot and Real-time PCR. Results AngⅡincreased Notch1, NICD1 and Hes1 expression, and decreased Nephrin expres-sion in a time-dependent manner ( P<0. 01 ) . Valsar-tan inhibited AngⅡ-induced activation of Notch path-way and enhanced Nephrin level ( P <0. 01 ) . Con-clusion AngⅡdecreases Nephrin expression in podo-cyte by activating Notch pathway.

Objective To investigate the influence provided by irbesartan on aldosterone escape during an-giotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) therapy in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods 166 EH patients were treated with ACEI. Plasma angiotensin Ⅱ ( Ang Ⅱ ) and aldosterone(Ald) concentrations were meas-ured by radioimmunoassay following the therapy of 3 months treatment. Aldosterone escape was estimated by the plas-ma Ald level after 3 months treatment. Patients with aldosterone escape were given irbesartan for 6 months. The aldo-sterone escape were observed following the therapy with irebesartan at 1,3,6 months. Results Following the treat-ment of irbesartan for 1 month, plasma Ang Ⅱ and Ald concentrations significantly decreased (P < 0.01 ). However, it began to increase after 3 and 6 months treatment, still lower than that of the therapy not given irbesartan ( P < 0.01 ).The levels of plasma Ang Ⅱ and Aid were higher in 6 months than in 1,3 months ( P < 0.01 ), but there are no differ-ences between 1 and 3 months(P>0.05). Conclusion Irbesartan can reduce aldosterone escape during 6 months.But aldosterone escape may be occur again after 6 months treatment of irebesartan.

Aging changes of somatostatin (SS) mRNA-positive neurons in the dorsal hippocampus of old rats were studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry and image analysis. In the young rats,SS mRNA-positive cell bodies were mainly located in the pyramidal and polymorphic cell layers of the CA1 and CA2 regions, and in the strata radiatum and polymorphic cell layer of the CA3 region, and in the polymorphic cell layer of dentate gyrus. In the old rats,SS mRNA-positive cell bodies were concentrated in the polymorphic cell layer and denate gyrus. A marked decrease of number of SS mRNA-positive cell bodies and a significant increase of gray value of SS mRNA-positive cell bodies were found in the dorsal hippocampus and dentate gyrus of the old rats as compared with the young rats. No significant age difference in the sectional area of SS mRNA-positive cell bodies was observed in the dorsal hippocampus. The results showed that there were apparent changes with aging of the SS mRNA-positive cell bodies in the dorsal hippocampus of the rats. The significance of the changes remains to be studied further.

Objective To explore the pattern of spontaneous neural activity in different frequency bands in Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods The blood oxygen level-dependent signals in 39 PD patients and 37 normal controls were acquired and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation ( ALFF) in five differ-ent frequecy bands ( slow-2:0.198-0.25 Hz;slow-3:0.073-0.198 Hz;slow-4:0.027-0.073 Hz;slow-5:0.01-0.027 Hz;slow-6:0-0.01Hz) was cacaulated.A repeated-measures analysis of variance and Post hoc t-test were performed to detect differences of spontaneous activity between two groups in different frequency bands. A correlation analysis was examined between Unified Parkinson’ s Disease Rating Scale ( UPDRS) motor score and ALFF in patients with PD in each frequency band to discover the relationship between disease se-verity and spontaneous neural activity.Results Compared with the normal controls,patients with PD had decreased ALFF in the putamen(-24,-3,-9) (-30,3,0) ( -21,9,6) in the slow-3,slow-4 and slow-5, and had decreased ALFF in the left precentral gyrus (-21,-24,75) (-21,-24,72) (-27,-21,72) (-15,-15,72) and right supplementary motor area (21,-24,75) (6,-3,72) (12,-6,60) (15,-24,72) in all frequency bands except for the slow-5.Increased ALFF in the cerebellum was found in all frequency bands.The ALFF in the putamen was negatively correlated with the UPDRS motor score in the slow-3,slow-5 and slow-6.Conclusion This study shows that the abnormal activities in the striatum are significant in the slow-3,slow-4and slow-5.Most frequency bands except slow-5 are helpful in detecting neural changes in mo-tor cortex.The increased activity in the cerebellum is the common findings in all frequency bands.Multiple frequency analysis may provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of PD.

Objective To investigate the survival of advanced stage periampullary carcinoma and its prognostic factors.Methods The clinical data and follow up of 134 patients with advanced stage periampullary carcinoma admitted to our hospital between January 2007 and December 2010 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results Of 134 patients,there were 83 males and 51 females.The mean age±S.D.was 62.49±11.41 (28-83).For the 86 patients who underwent surgery,32 had extensive peritoneal metastases on surgical exploration,27 had metastases/involvement of the liver or stomach,and 27 had major vessel infiltration.For these 86 patients,55 received surgical exploration,whereas 31 had surgical exploration plus bypass anastomosis. 45 patients received chemotherapy,while 67 received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy.The improvements in quality of life and in clinical response rate after concurrent chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy alone were 73.1％ and 57.8％,respectively.The overall survival was 14.27±1.06 months.The median survival time was 11 (8.95±13.05) months.The 1- and 3-year survival rates were 43％ and 10％,respectively.Karnofsky performance status,and the presence or absence of jaundice co-related with poor prognosis on single factor analysis.The Karnofsky performance status was an independent survival predictor on multifactor analysis.Conclusions The prognosis of patients with advanced stage periampullary carcinoma was poor.Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy had similar impact on overall survival,Karnofsky performance status was an independent survival predictor.

Objective To study the effects of anti-keratin autoantibody (AK auto Ab) on apoptosis of human keratinocytes. Methods Light and electron microscopy were used to observe morphological changes, flow cytometry (FCM) to analyze cell cycle, and electrophoresis to analyze DNA profiles of cultured keratinocytes. Results Typical morphological changes with apoptotic characteristics such as karyopyknosis, chromatin agglutination and apoptosis bodies were found. The subdiploid peaks due to apoptosis were also found in cell cycle analyses. DNA electrophoresis of keratinocytes showed characteristic ladder. Conclusions AK auto Ab could induce apoptosis in cultured human keratinocytes.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of telomeric protein TPP1 and POT1mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the relations between these gene expression levels and disease activity are explored. Methods TPP1 and POT1 genes were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in PBMCs. The expression levels of TPP1 and POT1 genes in PBMCs were compared between 48 SLE patients and 30 healthy indivi-duals. Results The expression levels of TPP1 and POT1 in the PBMCs of SLE patients significantly decreased compared to healthy individuals (P<0.01). The expression levels of TPP1 and POT1 were much lower in SLE patients with lupus nephritis than those in patients without lupus nephritis (P<0.01), and in LN patients, the levels of TPP1 and POT1 were negatively correlated with proteinuria. The expression levels of POT1 in active SLE patients was lower than that in inactive SLE patients (P<0.05). The expression levels of POT1 was negatively correlated with serum IgG and SLEDAI scores, but positively correlated with complement C3, but no correlation between ESR, CRP, C4,ANA and the expression levels of TPP1, POT1, SLEDAI scores. Conclusion TPP1 and POT1 genes play a key role in the etiology of SLE, and they are involved in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. POT1 is helpful in evaluating SLE disease activity and severity.

Objective:To investigate polymorphism of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and -DQB1 genes in Bai ethnic group in Dali,Yunnan province.Methods:Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) were used to determine HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles in 124 unrelated healthy Bai ethnic individuals living in Eryuan County of the Dali Bai autonomous prefecture,Yunnan province.Results:Among all the 21 DRB1 alleles and 15 DQB1 alleles were identified,the predominant alleles were DRB1*1202(26.61%),DRB1*0901(13.89%) and DRB1*0803(9.92%) on DRB1 locus and DQB1*0301(31.45%),DQB1*0601(10.08%),DQB1*0401(8.06%)and DQB1*0502(8.06%)on DQB1 locus.The most common haplotypes were DRB1*1202-DQB1*0301(20.08%)and DRB1*0803-DQB1*0601(7.19%).Conclusion:The phylogenetic tree constructed according to the HLA-DRB1,-DQB1 allele frequencies of Bais with those of other 10 populations suggests that the Bai ethnic group belongs to the southern group of China,but it keeps genetic distance from others and the HLA genes exhibits a unique profile.This study would provide HLA polymorphism information of Bai for the future investigation on the disease related to the genetic polymorphism.