A study of the lymphatic drainage of the ovary in 90 infant cadavers was carried out by injecting into the lymphatics. The specimens were divided into threegroups: in 30 cases the Prussian Blue was injected into the substance of the ovary; in the other 30 cases the infundibulopelvic ligaments were ligated before injection; in the remainder the infundibulopelvic and utero-ovarian ligaments were ligated before injection.The first group: 4-10 lymphatics emerging from the hilus of the ovary ascend along the ovarian blood vessels and terminate in the lumbar nodes. The lymphatics. from the right ovary mostly open into the interaorticocaval nodes and some of them end in the laterocaval nodes, the precaval nodes and the subaortic nodes. The lymphatics from the left ovary mostly end in the lateroaortic nodes and some of them empty into the preaortic nodes.The second group: in 26 sides of the specimens (43%); 1-2 lymphatics emerging from the ovary reach the pelvic wall through the broad ligament and terminate in the interiliac nodes, the internal iliac nodes or the external iliac nodes.The third group: in 19 sides of the specimens (32%), the lymphatics of the ovary also open into the interiliac nodes, the external iliac nodes or the internal iliac nodes.The results demonstrate that the lymph of the ovary drains into the lumbar nodes under normal conditions, and when the primary pathway is ligated the lymph of the ovary may drain into the pelvic nodes.

Objective To prepare optimization of notoginsenoside R1 chitosan nanoparticles,to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of the drug.Methods Notoginsenoside R1 chitosan nanoparticles were prepared,HPLC method was used to detect the content of notoginsenoside R1 chitosan nanoparticles,preparation technology of nanoparticles were optimized by orthogonal experiment,and the optimized preparation technology of nanoparticles was verified.Results HPLC standard curve equation was A =911.49C -1803.4(r =0.999 9),linear range was from 25 to 900 g/mL.The intra day precision were 1.520%,0.884% and 0.969%(n =6),and the inter day precision were 1.591%,1.447% and 1.269%(n =6).The recovery rates of low,medium and high concentra-tions were (98.11 ±1.16)%,(101.27 ±0.59)% and (100.97 ±0.82)%.4 factors of orthogonal experiment:the concentration of chitosan,the mass ratio of drug and carrier,temperature and rotational speed,and 3 levels of each factor were selected.The average particle size,encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were selected as control indexes.The test results were determined by the method of comprehensive weighted scoring.The orthogonal design was designed according to L9(34)orthogonal design.The optimization process was 2% of chitosan concentration,20% of the weight ratio of drug and carrier,35 ℃ of temperature,600 r/min of rotational speed.According to the optimized process,the average particle size was (123.40 ±7.68)nm,the encapsulation efficiency was (58.41 ±1.59)%,and the drug loading amount was (10.46 ±0.53)%.Conclusion The optimized preparation process of notoginsenoside R1 chitosan nanoparticles is simple and easy to operate,the entrapment efficiency and drug loading amount were high. As a new dosage form,it has a good clinical application prospect.

Because of massive defects requiring repair, a flap with blood supply of extraterritorial blood vessels is often needed clinically, which is a little bigger than that with blood supply of axial blood vessels. In order to provide theoretical evidence for the survival of such a flap, we designed a 11cm ? 15 cm flap involving the thoracodorsalic and the lateral thoracic arteries on a rat's lateral thorax and abdomen. The flap was stained by methylene blue and filled with emulsion. The diameters of the anastomotic branches within the flap were measured at different times. The volumes of blood flow on different points of the flap were observed quantitatively by means of ECT scanning. The vitality of the flap was also observed.Our experiment proved that anastomotic branches between blood vessels are the anatomic bases for extra-territorial flap. Blood flows from one blood vessel supplying zone to another through the anastomotic branches between the blood vessels. After the flap formed, The diameters of its anastomotic branches would grow larger.Since 1988, we have designed 33 extra-territorial flaps on cervicothorac area. The flaps have survived well. Our present experiment provided the flap with theoretical evidence that an extraterritorial flap can be devised provided that there is abundant anastomosis between the two axial blood vessels.

Objective To investigate the cell dynamic changes of conventional intermittent tissue expansion (CITE) and continuous pressure controlled tissue expansion (CPTE). Methods Domestic pigs were chosen for CITE and CPTE models. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect proliferative cells, DNA fragments in situ labeling for apoptotic cells, and H E stain for total fibroblast counting. Results Proliferative index of basal cell increased during expansion. The peak value of 78.5% reached at the ninth day in the CITE group versus 84.2 % at fourth day in the CPTE group. Proliferation index in both groups decreased after expansion. Fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis and total fibroblast density increased slowly in both groups during and after expansion. At the sixth day, total fibroblast densities in CITE group (38.1 cells/H) and in CPTE group (40.9 cells/H) were significantly increased, compared with 34.93 cells/H in the normal skin. There were obvious proliferation and apoptosis phenomena in epidermal cells and skin adnexa. Conclusion Tissue expansion has both effects of proliferation and apoptosis on cell dynamics. Continuous tissue expansion can induce tissues growing much effectively.

Objective To study the fibrous capsule structure and its change after expansion.Methods Twelve minipigs were chosen for establishing the animal models of conventional intermittent tissue expansion (CITE) and continuous pressure tissue expansion (CPTE). The capsule samples were taken for measurement and histological examination.Results The thickness and the contraction rates of capsules in CPTE group were significantly less than those of CITE group. The capsule consisted of four layers, in which a large amount of collagen and elastic fibers existed and some small arteries, veins and capillaries were well developed. After expanded flaps were transplanted, capsules contained in flaps were partially degenerated except elastic fiber layer and fibrolaminar layer, but capsules on the wound bed almost all degenerated. Conclusion The results suggest that capsules have contractive and blood supply abilities. Capsulectomy is able to decrease flap contraction. Large expanded flaps are better to have the capsule reserved. No efforts shall be done to the capsules on wound beds.

Objective: To evaluate the prognostic factors of patients with stage Ⅳ gastric cancer. Meth-ods: A total of 138 patients with stage Ⅳ gastric cancer treated with platinum-based chemotherapy were ana-lyzed. Survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were analyzed by univari-ate (Log rank) and multivariate (Cox model) analysis methods. Results: Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that poor performance status (P=0.001), weight loss (P=0.001), depth of invasion (P=0.000), presence of peritoneal metastasis (P=0.005), more than 1 metastatic site (P=0.029) and elevated total biliru-bin (P=0.018) were independent prognostic factors. According to the outcomes of the Cox model analysis, a formula of the prognostic index was developed. According to the values of PI, 16 patients were categorized as the high-risk group (PI≤9.817), 28 patients were categorized as the moderate-risk group (9.817

Objective To analyze the overall developmental stages of traditional Chinese materia medica patent technology in China and abroad and the causes of the differences. Methods In this study, the Shanghai Intellectual Property Information Platform, Thomson Innovation, Derwent Innovations Index were utilized and graphic illustration method for patent technology life cycles was used to determine the overall developmental stages of traditional Chinese materia medica patent technology in China and abroad. Results The numbers of applications for patent traditional Chinese materia medica and their applicants were obtained. With information of the two parameters, the text made a preliminary prediction of overall trend for the number of applications. Conclusion The patent technology of traditional Chinese materia medica progressed into developing stages in China and appeared the feature of mature or recession stage abroad.

New progress of treatment of low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) reported in the 58th American Socienty of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meetings was reviewed. Anemia is a single common symptom of low-risk MDS, and erythropoietic-stimulating agents (ESA) may be effective. The dose and duration of erythropoietic-stimulating agents (ESA) are critical to determine efficacy. If the treatment of ESA failed, the available options may include lenalidomide (approved for del5q positive cases), hypomethylating agents and a rather large number of experimental agents. The choice for the second-line treatment must consider the biologic, cytogenetic and molecular-identified characteristics of individual patient, as well as frailty and comorbidities. Other cytopenias rarely appear alone. Thrombomimetic agents for thrombocytopenia has been proposed in clinical trials, but there were some safety issues. Although neutropenia is targeted symptomatically with growth factor supportive care, the immunosuppressive therapy is indicated mainly for pancytopenic and hypoplastic low-risk MDS. Finally, hematopoietic stem cell transplantion is the curative option also for low-risk MDS, but it should be carefully evaluated to balancing toxicity and the possibility of survival advantage.

Objective To evaluate clinical safety and efficacy of autologous tissue antigens loaded dendritic cells (DC)in the treatment of elderly patients with gastric cancer.Methods Fresh tumor cells were isolated from surgical specimens in twenty patients with gastric cancer. Single cell suspensions were obtained and induced to apoptosis by heat shock. The apoptotic tumor cells were frozen before use.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured with recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4).DCs were loaded with apoptotic tumor cells. The immunological and clinical responses were examined after the final vaccination. ResultsVaccination of dendritic cells was well tolerated and no toxicity was observed. The cytokine levels in serum such as IL-2(46 pg/mg vs 89 pg/mg), IL-12(44 pg/mg vs. 86 pg/mg) and IFN-γ(38 pg/mg vs.82 pg/mg) were increased after vaccinations as compared with pretherapy. DTH test were positive in five patients (5/10). The antigen special cells for CD8+/ IFN-γ+ were increased in five patients(5/10). The size of retroperitoneal lymph node of one patient was reduced. The tumor marker CEA level were decreased in five patients, stable in eight patient and increased in two patients.Conclusions Autologous DC vaccines loaded with autologous tumor antigens could improve function of non specific immunity and elicit specific T cells immunologic response and is one of safe and effective treatments for gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the association between LPHN3 andattention-deficit/hyperactivity disor-der(ADHD)in Chinese Han children.Methods:Based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disor-ders,Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)diagnosis criteria,921 normal controls and 1052 ADHD children were included in the study.The Clinical Diagnostic Interview Scale (CDIS )was used to assess symptoms and ADHD sub-types.ADHD was divided into three subtypes,namely ADHD inattentive type (ADHD-I),ADHD hyperactive-im-pulsive type (ADHD-HI),and ADHD combined type (ADHD-C).The ADHD rating-scale was used to assess ADHD symptoms.Including inattentive symptoms,hyperactive symptoms,impulsive symptoms and ADHD total symptoms.Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)of LPHN3 were genotyped.Case-control studies were conducted to investigate the association of each SNP with the ADHD and the subgroups using chi-square test.Results:rs11131347 was associated with ADHD P <0.05,OR =0.86(0.76 -0.98)],but the difference didn't survive significance after corrections,The frequency of minor allele C in cases and control was0.409 vs.0.445.For different genders,rs11131347 was significantly associated with ADHD boys [P <0.05,OR =0.82(0.71 -0.96)], The frequency of minor allele C in cases and control was0.402 vs.0.449.For different subtypes,rs11131347 was associated with ADHD-C [P <0.05,OR =0.85(0.74 -0.98)]and ADHD-C boys[P <0.05,OR =0.82(0.70 -0.97)],but none of the difference survived significance after corrections,The frequencies of minor allele C in cases and control were respectively 0.407 vs.0.445 and 0.401 vs.0.449.Genotypes distribution analysis indicated that rs11131347 was associated with ADHD in general (recessive model,P <0.05),ADHD boys (additive model,P <0.05;dominant model,P <0.05;recessive model,P <0.05),ADHD-C(recessive model,P <0.05)and ADHD-C boys (dominant model,P <0.05 ),however,none of the difference survived significance after correc-tions.rs11131347 was nominal associated with impulsive scores(P <0.05).Conclusion:These findings suggest that the polymorphism of LPHN3 is probably involved in the pathological mechanisms of ADHD and its core symptoms of impulsivity.