Objective:To examine postural control between normal and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)boys,and compare the development characters.Methods:In the study,146 ADHD boys and 84 normal boys participated,ages being between 7 and 12 years.Balance Master was used to assess posture control.Posture stabilities were tested under 4 different conditions(firm surface with eyes open,firm surface with eyes closed,foam pad with eyes open,foam pad with eyes closed).We tested three times for one condition,20 s per time.The mean sway velocity was recorded.Results:(1)Normal boys:In firm surface with eyes open,analyses of variance between normal boys revealed no significant differences between different age groups,and the 11-and 12-year-old group did not achieve scores comparable to the adult(t=6.145,P

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder(DCD) are both childhood disorders identified in the DSM-Ⅳ.Studies investigating ADHD have found that around half of ADHD cases also have motor problems severe enough to be diagnosed as DCD.Further,children initially diagnosed as DCD have also been found to meet moderate to severe diagnosis for ADHD.Both disorders have been linked to a lot of psychosocial problems.Furthermore,when ADHD and DCD are co-morbid,the outcome tends to be more severe than when either disorder occurs alone.In the past decade,many studies identified shown that ADHD children experienced difficulties with both fine motor movements and gross motor movements.Notably,most of these foregoing studies found balance functions of ADHD were impaired.In order to maintain balance under a verity of environmental conditions,sensory information from somatosensory,visual,and vestibular origins must be integrated by the central nervous system.But there are rich evidences suggesting that children with ADHD can not organize the motor information effectively.The maintenance and control of posture and balance,whether in static or dynamic conditions,are essential requirements for daily activity.The balance function has been closely associated not only with both gross motor movements,such as sitting,standing,walking and fine motor movements,but also with human behaviors.There are increasing evidences suggesting that balance deficit correlates with symptoms of ADHD.Therefore,motor coordination difficulties co-occurring with ADHD should be given emphasis in clinical practice;the training of balance may be one of the possible methods to improve the motor coordination function in ADHD children.

Objective To study the inner diameter and hemodynamics of ophthalmic artery(OA)and central retinal artery(CRA)in hyperuricemia by Enhance-flow(eFlow)imaging and spectral Doppler.Methods One hundred and one patients with hyperuricemia and 30 volunteers were selected,the inner diameter in eFlow imaging and the peak systolic velocities(PSV),the end diastolic velocities(EDV),the resistive index(RI)were measured,and pulsatility index(PI)of OA and CRA were measured by spectral Doppler.The 101 patients were divided into two groups according to the time of diagnosing hyperuricemia,one group had a diagnosis of hyperuricemia for more than five years and the other had such a diagnosis for less than five years.The data were compared by t-test.Then,the patients were further divided into a group of hyperuricemia combined with hypertension and the other without hypertension.The differences between the experimental group and the group of volunteers were carried out by One-way ANOVA,the comparison between two groups were analyzed with SNK.Results The RI(0.68±0.09)and PI(1.3±0.4)of OA in patients who were diagnosed as hyperuricemia for more than 5 years was higher[RI:0.63±0.09,PI:1.1±0.3(t=3.504,P=0.001 ;t=3.164,P=0.002)],the EDV[(6±3)cm/s]of OA was lower than those patients with a diagnosis of hyperuricemia for less than 5 years[(8±5)cm/s,t=1.988,P=0.049].The PSV[(11.5±3.5)cm/s]and EDV[(3.7±1.1)cm/s]of CRA in hyperuricemia combination hypertension group was lower,and the RI (0.88±1.40)was higher than hyperuricemia without hypertension group[PSV:(13.5±4.0)cm/s,EDV:(4.1±1.2)cm/s,RI:0.67±0.08].Conclusion By eFlow and spectral Doppler,we have found that hyperu-ricemia could accelerate OA and CRA atherosclerosis.The eFlow and spectral Doppler are valuable methods to study the hemodynamics in ophthalmic artery of patients with hyperuricemia.

Proteome research has become a new hot spot in the post-genome era. High-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), which provides the most comprehensive analysis system of the whole proteome, was highly improved in recent years. With the development of computer techniques, the powerful and user-friendly image analysis systems appeared to help high-throughput, large-scale proteomic studies. Using new generation two-dimensional image analysis software, ImageMaster 2D Elite, the 2D gels of proteins extracted from cultured Schwann’s cells were processed. The analysis procedure, including image acquirement, spot detection, match, background subtraction, pI/Mr calibration, analysis results report and database query, were reported and discussed.

Objective To observe the effects of butylphthalide on the expression of autophagy-related protein and mRNA in l-meth-yl-4-phenyl-pyridiniumion (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells, and to explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of butylphthalide to the cell model of Parkinson's disease. Methods The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group (A), MPP+group (B), rapamycin pre-treated+MPP+group (C) and Butylphthalide pretreated+MPP+group (D). The relative viability of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP+was measured with MTT assay, the morphology of SH-SY5Y cells was observed. The expression of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II/I and Beclin 1 protein was detected by Western blotting. And the expression of LC3-II/I and Beclin 1 mRNA were assayed by re-al-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Results The viability rates of cells were significantly lower in group B than in group A (t=20.270, P<0.001), and were significantly higher in groups C and D than in group B (t>8.770, P<0.001), however, there was no significantly difference between groups C and D (t=2.270, P=0.064). The expression of LC3-II/I and Beclin 1 was higher in group B than in group A (t>6.647, P<0.01), and was higher in groups C and D than in group B (t>3.630, P<0.01), however, there was no significantly differ-ence between groups C and D (t<2.238, P≥0.05). Conclusion Butylphthalide could prevent the injury of SH-SY5Y cells induced by MPP+, which may affect Parkinson's disease by inducing autophagy.

AIM:To analyze circulating miR-141 in the serum as a non-invasive biomarker in the patients with prostate cancer ( PCa) and benign prostate hyperplasia ( BPH) , and healthy individuals.METHODS: A total of 75 pa-tients with PCa, 52 with BPH and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled into this study.Total RNA was isolated from the se-rum samples and the circulating levels of miR-141 were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:The serum levels of miR-141 were significantly higher in the patients with PCa compared to the patients with BPH and the healthy controls (P<0.01).The level of miR-141 in PCa group obviously differed from that in BPH group and healthy control group with high diagnosis performance, with areas under the curve of 0.785 and 0.801, respectively. No statistically significant difference of the serum miR-141 levels between the patients with BPH and healthy individuals was observed (P>0.05).The serum miR-141 level was also found to be related to Gleason score, clinical stage and bone me-tastasis status of the patients with PCa (P<0.05), and the patients with higher Gleason scores had higher serum miR-141 levels.No relationship was detected between miRNA-141 level and the patient’ s age, biochemistry recurrence and serum prostate-specific antigen level (P>0.05 for all comparisons).CONCLUSION: Circulating miR-141 could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis, staging and prognosis prediction.

Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmacists in rational drug use through the pharmacy care of an elderly pneumonia patient with Chlamydia psittaci infection and drug-induced liver injury. Methods The clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of one patient with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and drug-induced liver injury. Based on the results of second-generation gene sequencing, the characteristics of the pathogen were learned by literature search. The clinical pharmacists monitored the patient’s liver and kidney function, provided a new medication treatment plan to Doctors, and performed patient education during the treatment. Results The initial empirical anti-infective treatment with teicoplanin and imipenem-cilastatin was not effective. After the diagnosis of Chlamydia psittaci and Candida albicans infection, the combination of doxycycline with azithromycin and fluconazole was administered. Drug-induced liver injury was found with this treatment. The clinical pharmacist proposed to switch to doxycycline and clarithromycin with co-administration of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate and polyene phosphatidylcholine to protect the liver. With this new regime, patient's liver function was improved and the infection was under control. Conclusion Individualized pharmaceutical cares provided by clinical pharmacists helped the safe, rational and effective use of medications.

Objective To explore the effects of butylphthalide on the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells induced by the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+). Methods SH-SY5Y cells were cultured with butylphthalide in the dosage of 1 µmol/L, 10 µmol/L and 20 µmol/L for 2 hours, and with MPP+ for 24 hours. The viability of cells was measured with trypan blue. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected with Rhodamine 123. The content of P53 protein was detected with ELISA. The expression of P53 and cytochrome C (CytC) were detected with Western blotting. Results The viability of SH-SY5Y cells increased with the dosage of butylphthalide (P<0.05), while the mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of P53 and CytC decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Butylphthalide can prevents the SH-SY5Y cells from the injury induced by MPP+, which may associate with the inhibition of apoptosis through the expression of P53 and CytC.

Objective To investigate the influence of murine cytomegalovirus ( MCMV) infection on the expression of downstream differentiation related target genes of Wnt signaling pathway in neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro and explore the molecular mechanism of fetal encephalodysplasia caused by CMV infection. Methods NSCs were separated from fetal BALB/c mouse and cultured in vitro. The NSCs infected by MCMV at a MOI (multiplicity of infection) of 5, 1 and 0.1, respectively, were cultured in differentiation medium. The dynamic expression of the downstream differentiation related target genes ( c-myc, cyclinD1, ngn-1 and ngn-2) of Wnt signal pathway in NSCs were measured by Western blot. Real-time RT-PCR was employed to measure the expression levels of the key differentiation genes ngn-1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs post infection. Results The protein levels of c-myc in the infected groups were significantly lower than that in the normal control at 0.5-5 d (P＜0.05) ; At 0. 5 d and 1 d post-infection (p. i. ) , the protein levels of cyclinDl in the infected groups were lower than that in the normal control (P＜0.05). At 2 d and 3 d p. i. , the cyclinD1 expression in the infected groups was higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0. 05). However, at 4 d and 5 d p. i. , the cyclinD1 levels in the group of the MOI of 5 were lower than in other three groups (F＜0.05). The expression of ngn-1 protein in the infected groups was reduced importantly compared with normal control at 1 -5 d p. i. ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The expression of ngn-1 mRNA in the infected groups was lower than that in the control group at all time points (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The expression of ngn-2 protein decreased at first and then increased, which was opposite to the normal control. The peak of ngn-2 expression in groups of the MOT of 0.1 and 1 occurred later and were significantly lower than that in the normal control (P ＜0. 05). No distinct peak was seen in the group of the MOI of 5. At 1 d p. i. , the expression of ngn-2 of all infected groups was significantly lower than that in the normal control ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). At 2 d p. i. , the expression of in the group of the MOI of 5 was still lower (P ＜ 0.05). While at 3 d, 4 d and 5 d p. i. , the protein levels in all infected groups were higher than that in the normal control (P ＜ 0. 05). The protein expression of these genes increased following the increase of MOI. Conclusion MCMV inhibited the protein expression of c-myc and ngn-1 in differentiated NSCs, repressed the mRNA expression of ngn-1 and caused the perturbed expression of cyclinDl and ngn-2 in a MOI-dependent manner. These data suggest that inhibition of or interference with the protein expression of downstream differentiation related target genes of Wnt signaling pathway in NSCs by MCMV may be one of the important mechanisms, by which proliferation and differentiation of NSCs are inhibited and thus fetal brain is impaired after MCMV infection.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenic and clinical presentation and laboratory tests of bullous rash in hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xi'an from January 2013 to December 2014 by retrospective analysis.

METHODA total of 224 specimens were collected from clinically diagnosed HFMD cases who were characterized by widespread mucocutaneous bullous reactions in Xi'an Children's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014, the identification and subtyping of the isolates were conducted with real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze the clinical presentation, laboratory tests and late follow-up problems of the HFMD.

RESULTIn the clinically diagnosed HFMD cases who were characterized by widespread mucocutaneous bullous reactions, 207 were caused by coxsackievirus A6 (CA6), accounting for 92. 4% of all cases with bullous, 4 were caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71), accounting for 1.8%, 10 were caused by coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), accounting for 4. 5%; 4 cases were negative for these viruses. In the cases positive for intestinal virus-nucleic acid, 130 were male, 90 were female; male to female ratio was 1. 44: 1, 203 were <5 years old, accounting for 92. 3%. Leukocytosis was found in 75 cases (34. 1%); high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) increased in 200 cases (90. 9%); elevated myocardial enzyme CK-MB was found in 35 cases (15. 9%), alanine aminotransferase increased in 15 cases (6. 8%); 187 cases had fever (85. 0%). None of the cases had serious complications such as encephalitis or myocarditis. In the course of the critical phase bullous rash or large vesicle-like changes, obvious itching, and facial rash appeared. After the fluid in the bullae was absorbed or the bullae ruptured or became ulcerated, scar formation and large areas of exfoliation occurred, with no effusion on the newly formed epithelium in the base, without significant pigmentation on later follow-up. In the late follow up process, 52 cases in CA6-positive patients (25. 1%) developed onychomadesis within 2-4 weeks after onset, 1 to 8 nails, an average of 4. 3 fell off, new nails grew, the nail bed showed no structural abnormalities and hyperplasia after falling off, the surface was smooth, had no hypertrophy, left no sequelae.

CONCLUSIONThe pathogen in HFMD characterized by widespread bullous reactions was mainly the CA6, this kind of HFMD was mainly mild type, with significant itching, later the bullae may have scar formation and skin exfoliation, in some cases onychomadesis may occur.

Child ; Enterovirus A, Human ; Enterovirus Infections ; pathology ; Exanthema ; pathology ; Female ; Fever ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Pruritus ; Retrospective Studies