OBJECTIVE To investigate and analyze the cause of the cross infection of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in ICU patients,and to apporach its preventive and control measures.METHODS Eiological inspection and sanitary monitoring have been done in ICU where there were two MRSA patients from June 6th,2008 to August 1st,2008.RESULTS MRSA has been detected on the hands of the ICU medical staff,on the bed-desks,on the switches of the vacuum extractor and gas supply unit on the wall,and in the NS for inhaling sputum.The separation rate were 37.5%,20.0%,54.5%,37.5%,87.5%.CONCLUSIONS ICU patients are prone to be infected with MRSA,which has a strong drug resistance and the infection is difficult to be treated.The cross infection can be prevented and controlled by rational administration,sterile operation and insulation.

Objective To determine the relationship between the content of microelement and the health of children.Methods Atomic absorption spectrometry,aas.Children were divided into 3 groups:physically weak group,minimal brain dysfunction(MBD) group and control group.Peripheral blood gathered from all the children.Put 40?l of blood sample into the specific reagent,detect the content of zinc(Zn),cuprum(Cu),ferret(Fe),calcium(Ca),magnesium(Mg),lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd).The result was compared between the 3 groups.Results Lack of Zn,Fe,Ca and Mg mostly be detected in physically weak group(P

Objective To explore the changes of mTOR signaling in LPS/D-gal-induced acute hepatitis in mice . Methods Twenty-six healthy adult female ICR mice were divided into two groups:the control group and experimental group, 13 mice in each group .LPS/D-gal was used to induce acute hepatitis in the mice .The survival of mice was moni-tored within 24 hours after LPS/D-gal challenge .At 6 hours after challenge , samples of serum and liver tissue were collect-ed for further analysis.Results Injection of LPS/D-gal resulted in acute death of the mice within 24 hours.At 6 hours post LPS/D-gal injection , the blood levels of ALT and AST were significantly increased .The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines Tnfa and Il6 was up-regulated in LPS/D-gal-induced hapatitis , in which DNA fragmentation and activation of caspase-3 were subsequently observed .Immunoblot analysis showed that both mTOR pathway and NF-κB pathway were ac-tivated.Unexpectedly , inhibition of mTOR signaling could neither decrease the apoptosis in the liver nor increase the sur -vival of mice .Conclusions The results of the present study indicate that mTOR signaling may play pleiotropic roles in the pathogenesis of LPS/D-gal-induced hepatitis .

Objective Based on the screening of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infection in Maoming,the viral pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection were investigated,the epidemic trend of children with respiratory tract infection in the region was grasped,so as to provide the basis for the disease diagnosis of children with respiratory tract infection.Methods With direct immunofluorescence,7 common respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions were detected in 13 148 patients with respiratory infection in our hospital,including adenovirus (ADV),respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),influenza virus A (FLUA),influenza virus B FLUB) and parainfluenza (PIV).Results In 13 148 cases,the respiratory virus positive were found in 3 308 cases,the total positive rate was 25.16％,the positive detection rate of RSV was the highest (17.39 ％),and the detection rate of respiratory virus has obvious seasonal characteristics,with the highest detection rate in the first quarter,and mainly concentrated in the population under the age of three.Conclusion RSV was the first of the 7 common respiratory viruses detected,and the virus infection was associated with age and season.

Objective:To propose a strategy for detecting early gastric cancer (EGC) under high-definition gastroscopy.Methods:Data of 469 lesions of EGC or high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) confirmed by pathology detected at The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital from January 2013 to January 2020 were collected and gastroscopic images were re-interpreted. The Helicobacter pylori ( HP) infection status, lesion location in the area of atrophy or at the cardia, morphological type of lesions, lesions with/without clear or regular boundary, and lesion color were analyzed for morphological characteristics of EGC and HGIN under high-definition gastroscopy. Results:Among the 469 lesions of EGC or HGIN, HP-negative lesions accounted for 2.1% (10/469) and ulcerative lesions for 7.7% (36/469). Among non-ulcerative lesions of suspected HP infection ( n=423), there were 28 lesions in the cardia outside the atrophic area and 82.1% (23/28) were reddish under white light imaging. There were 29 non-cardiac lesions outside the atrophic area and 82.8% (24/29) were white or showed clear border under white light imaging. Inside the atrophic area, there were 73 elevated lesions, 95.9% (70/73) of which had clear border or irregular depression on the top. There were 293 flat/depressed lesions in the atrophic area, and 90.8% (266/293) had irregular border or were brown under narrow band imaging. Conclusion:According to the status of HP infection, the location and morphological category of lesions, above endoscopic features can be used as clues to detect EGC and HGIN.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of Huidu Yinhua powder from the Orthodox Manual of External Medicine on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),virulence factor α-hemolysin(Hla)activity,and biofilm formation,and to explore the optimal ratios of Huidu Yinhua powder and provide experimental support for its use.Methods The inhibitory effects of Huidu Yinhua powder and the herbs in the formula on USA300 were analyzed by the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC),minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC),and disk diffusion assay(K-B method).Hemolysis,neutralization,oligomerization,and Western blot assays were used to verify in which form the drug inhibits the activity of virulence factor α-hemolysin(Hla).A biofilm assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Huidu Yinhua powder on biofilm.Orthogonal experiments were performed to explore the optimal ratio of Huidu Yinhua powder.Results Huidu Yinhua powder inhibited the MRSA strain with a MIC90 of 64 mg/mL and an MBC of 256 mg/mL with antibacterial circle diameter of(7.50±0.50)mm.Huidu Yinhua powder inhibited Hla activity by inhibiting Hla secretion.The minimum effective concentration(MEC)was 16 mg/mL,and the MEC of biofilm was 8 mg/mL.In Huidu Yinhua powder,honeysuckle and astragalus only affected the hemolytic activity of MRSA and biofilm formation without inhibiting bacterial growth.The hemolytic activity and biofilm of MEC were both 32 mg/mL.Glycyrrhiza had a strong bacterial inhibitory capacity with a MIC90 of 8 mg/mL and biofilm MEC of 1 mg/mL without showing inhibitory hemolytic activity at subinhibitory concentrations.The orthogonal experiment showed that,at a ratio of honeysuckle,astragalus,and glycyrrhiza in Huidu Yinhua powder of 1∶2∶4,the MIC90 was 16 mg/mL,MEC of hemolytic activity was 8 mg/mL and that of biofilm was 4 mg/mL,both of which were the lowest among the nine groups.Conclusions Huidu Yinhua powder affects the hemolytic activity and biofilm formation of MRSA at subinhibitory concentrations with the optimal ratio of honeysuckle,astragalus,and glycyrrhiza being 1∶2∶4.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment model of childhood bronchial asthma in Shanghai Pudong New Area.Methods:According to the principle of proximity, children aged 6 months-17 years who were diagnosed with bronchial asthma at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from July 2016 to May 2017 were divided into two cohorts: the specialized hospital group and the community hospital group.Twelve months of treatment and follow-up were conducted.The asthma control level, Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) score, medication adherence and health economic indicators were collected.Results:A total of 524 children were included for data analysis and divided into the specialized hospital group (300 cases) and the community hospital group (224 cases). According to the Global Initiative for Asthma(GINA) criteria, there was no statistical difference in monthly asthma control level between the two groups (all P>0.05). In the 12 th month, the well-controlled rate of the specialized hospital group increased by 12.4% ( P<0.01), and that of the community hospital group increased by 22.9% ( P= 0.015). According to the C-ACT criteria, there was no statistical difference in the monthly well-controlled rate between the two groups (all P>0.05), and the rate maintained an upward trend.The rates of patients with good compliance in the specialized hospital group and the community hospital group at the 12 th month of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment were 78.3%(235/300 cases) and 75.0%(168/224 cases), respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( P=0.370). After 12 months of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, the number of asthma attacks were 1.0 and 2.0 ( P=0.269), and the hospitalization rates for asthma were 3.0%(9/300 cases) and 4.9%(11/224 cases), respectively in the specialized hospital group and the community hospital group, and the diffe-rence was not statistically significant ( P=0.259); the number of respiratory infections in the specialized hospital group (2.0 times) was lower than that in the community hospital group (3.0 times), and the total cost of treatment in the community hospital group (2 471.5 Yuan) was lower than that in the specialized hospital group (3 445.5 Yuan), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-3.308, -3.336, all P<0.01). Twelve months after hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, the number of asthma attacks, the number of respiratory infections and the hospitalization rate for asthma in the two groups were all lower than those in the first 12 months of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.01). Conclusions:Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment model of childhood asthma in Shanghai Pudong New Area can improve asthma control level, C-ACT score and asthma medication adherence, and enhance health economic benefits, thus it′s an effective way to manage childhood asthma.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic bougie dilation and stent implantation for pediatric caustic esophageal stenosis. Clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of children with pediatric caustic esophageal stenosis from October 2009 to December 2019 at Department of Gastroenterology, the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 50 caustic esophageal stenosis cases were enrolled, among whom, 94.0% (47/50) received conservative treatment before sending to our hospital. Thirty-six (72.0%) of them accidently ingested caustic substance of alkali and 22.0% (11/50) of them accidently ingested caustic substance of acid. Forty-six children (92.0%) who ingested caustic agents were younger than 7 years old. The stenosis was more common in the upper esophagus, accounting for 64.0% (32/50). Twenty-seven cases (54.0%) underwent simple bougie dilation and 16 cases (32.0%) underwent bougie dilation combined with stent treatment. All 50 children underwent a total of 1 260 expansions. The numbers of simple dilations and dilations combined with stent implantation were 37.8±26.2, 20.9±12.6 respectively with significant difference ( t=2.453, P=0.021). Among them, 2 cases (4.0%) underwent surgery, 5 cases (10.0%) underwent surgery combined with dilatation and stent implantation. The stenosis diameter widened significantly after treatment (1.1±0.2 cm VS 0.2±0.1 cm, t=23.004, P<0.001), and the Stooler grade of dysphagia improved significantly (grade 3.5±0.5 VS 1.2±0.7, t=19.925, P<0.001). Perforation occurred in only 1 patient, who was cured by conservative treatment with stent implantation. The total effective rate was 100.0% (50/50) and the satisfaction rate was 98.0% (49/50). Endoscopic bougie dilation and bougie dilation combined with stent implantation is safe and effective for pediatric caustic esophageal stenosis. Combination with stent implantation can reduce the number of dilation times.

The field of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy combines research from multiple subdisciplines of material science, nano-chemistry, in particular nano-biological interactions, immunology, and medicinal chemistry. Most importantly, the "biological identity" of nanomaterials governed by bio-molecular corona in terms of bimolecular types, relative abundance, and conformation at the nanomaterial surface is now believed to influence blood circulation time, bio-distribution, immune response, cellular uptake, and intracellular trafficking. A better understanding of nano-bio interactions can improve utilization of 2D nano-architectures for cancer immunotherapy and immunotheranostics, allowing them to be adapted or modified to treat other immune dysregulation syndromes including autoimmune diseases or inflammation, infection, tissue regeneration, and transplantation. The manuscript reviews the biological interactions and immunotherapeutic applications of 2D nanomaterials, including understanding their interactions with biological molecules of the immune system, summarizes and prospects the applications of 2D nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.