Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of interleukin2 (IL-2 ) in the treatment of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection( RRTI). Methods 160 children with RRTI from Mar 2005 to June 2008 in our hospital were divided into experimental group (n =80) and control group (n =80) randomly. IL-2 was given by hypodermic injection in experimental group and the other was treated with oral transfer factor. Then the clinical efficacy in two.groups was observed. Results The effects in the experimental group were superior to those in the control group(P <0.01). Conclusion IL-2 could enhance immunity and reduce the incidence rate of RRTI in children patients. The effects were superior to those patients treated with oral transfer factor.

Objective To explore the importance of diabetic education and hypoglycemia nursing for population with high risk of hypoglycemia through analysis of the personal factors influencing incidence of hypoglycemia of type 2 diabetic patients during initial use of insulin.Methods There were 257 cases of T2DM hospitalized patients during initial use of insulin,among whom 80 experienced hypoglycemia.They were divided into two groups,one was the hypoglycemia group,another was the non-hypoglycemia group.Firstly,we compared the different characteristics of the two groups such as gender,BMI and HbAlc,and so on.And then,the possible risk factors of hypoglycemia were analyzed by a Logistic regression model.Finally,the most significant factors were analyzed with the ROC curve.Results These two groups were obviously different in seven elements such as BMI,Scr,HbAlc and TG,and so on.BMI and HbAlc were the most primary causes for prevention of hypoglycemia.When patients got HbAlc＜8.65％ or BMI＜26.3 kg/m2,they had more opportunity to occur hypoglycemia.Conclusions BMI and HbAlc of patients are primary causes for hypoglycemia.It is of great significance for nurses to enhance diabetes education to the patients with HbAlc＜8.65％ or BMI＜26.3 kg/m2 to alleviate the incidence of hypoglycemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of intensive control of residual amount in stomach on prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP)during the process of enteral nutrition. Methods 96 patients with mechanical ventilation(MV) more than 48 hours were randomly divided into the case group and the control group, they were treated with intensive control and common control of residual amount in stomach respectively. The incidence rate of VAP, mortality rate, time of ventilation and hospitalization time were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence rate of VAP was 20.83% in the case group and mortality rate was 18.75%,the time of MV was(15.21±2.36)days, the hospitalization time was(22.38±12.34)days. The incidence rate of VAP wag 39.58%.mortality rate was 39.58%,the time of MV wag(19.85±4.58)days, the hospitalization time was(29.46±15.24)days in the control group. Conclusions Intensive control of residual amount in stomach could be helpful to decrease the incidence of VAP and mortality rate of patients with mechanical ventilation using nasal feeding, also shorten the time of MV and the hospitalization time.

Objective To estimate brain grey matter volume changes and location of abnormal brain regions cerebrum in early stage of bipolar disorder I (BD),in order to provided objective basis for diagnosing early stages BD.Methods 1 7 cases of BD with duration less than 2 years and 1 7 normal controls were recruited in this study.The volumetric difference of grey matter between two groups were analyzed by using voxel-based morphometry(VBM)software.Statistical threshold was voxel> 100,P <0.001 (uncor-rected).Results Compared to the normal controls,the grey matter volume of BD patients decreased in the left dorcial anterior cingu-late cortex(ACC),left insular,right sub-genu ACC,left superior temporal cortex,bilateral hippocampus-parahippocampus-amydala and left posterior lobe of cerebellum(P <0.001).Conclusion The grey matter volume of early stage BD patients is decreased,main-ly locating in the bilateral limbic system,the superior temporal gyrus and the cerebellar cortex,which probably is the morphological appearance of pathomechanism in early stages of BD.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and gene subtypes among women in Qingdao form 2015 to 2019, so as to provide scientific support for the prevention and treatment of HPV related cervical cancer in Qingdao.Methods:A total of 26396 female cervical exfoliated cell specimens were collected at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from January 2015 to October 2019, then 17 high-risk HPV genotypes and 6 low-risk HPV genotypes were detected by PCR and reverse dot blot in vitro, and prevalence and year, genotype and age distribution were analyzed.Results:The total prevalence of HPV was 18.17%. The prevalence of single infection, double infection and multiple infection were 13.41%, 3.40% and 1.35% respectively. The infection rate of 7 high-risk subtypes (HPV52, 16, 58, 53, 56, 51, 68) and 3 low-risk subtypes (HPV81, 42, 43) exceeded 1%. The HPV prevalence of different age groups was significantly different and the prevalence showed a bimodal pattern among different age groups. There were two peaks in the ≤25 years group and 46-50 years group, which were 23.61% and 19.63% respectively. There was no significant difference in genotype distribution among different age groups.Conclusions:The cervical HPV infection rate of women in Qingdao is at a medium level, and single infection is the main pattern in different genotypes and age groups. In addition to the vaccine coverage subtypes, the prevalence of other subtypes such as HPV 53, 56, 51 and 68 in this region is also high. Therefore, regular HPV screening is still needed after vaccination to find out HPV genotypes which are not covered by the vaccine. It is suggested that the government optimize the HPV vaccine coverage genotypes to prevent the occurrence of HPV infection associated with cervical cancer.

Objective? To explore the cognition of nurses in high-risk surgical departments for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods? Totally 464 nurses in surgical departments at high risk of VTE (departments of orthopedics, general surgery, neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and critical care medicine) from 11 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) nationwide who attended the seminar on nursing by the Chinese Nursing Association in September 2017 were investigated with VTE Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire for Clinical Nurses to understand their knowledge about basic, physical and drug prevention for VTE. Results? The cognition of VTE prevention of nurses in high-risk surgical departments scored (13.51±3.42), standing at a medium level. In particular, the knowledge about physical prevention was unsatisfactory, which scored (5.71±2.18). The cognition score of VTE prevention varied in nurses of different departments, and the cognition of VTE prevention of nurses from departments of general surgery, orthopedics and critical care medicine was relatively better. Multivariate analysis revealed that educational background was an independent risk factor for the cognition of VTE prevention of nurses in high-risk surgical departments (OR=1.630,95%CI:1.035-2.567). Conclusions? The cognition of VTE prevention of nurses in high-risk surgical departments is unsatisfactory and cannot meet the needs of clinical work. Targeted training should be provided according to the weak links in the cognition of VTE prevention of nurses in high-risk surgical departments to improve the quality of VTE prevention and nursing, thus reducing the incidence rate of perioperative VTE in these patients.

Objective? To explore the application of action research method in optimizing informationized disease management system on venous thromboembolism(VTE) and to improve the VTE disease management. Methods? By convenience sampling, 50 nurses and 235 patient profiles in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2015 to March 2017. According to the framework of action research method, firstly, the problems of VTE disease management system were clarified, and the system improvement plan was designed and implemented by means of literature review and expert meeting, etc. Through the two cycle processes of plan-action-observation-reflection (the first round and the second round), the informationized VTE disease system was continuously improved. The observation indicators were the completeness rate of patient profiles content, the accuracy rate of Caprini risk assessment, the accuracy rate of arm/leg circumference measurement, the filling time of reporting part and the filling time of daily tracking part. The data collection time was before intervention, after the first and second rounds of intervention. Results? Through the first round of action research, we improved the VTE information disease management system, and raised the content integrity rate of the reporting system from 72.00% to 100.00%; the correct rate of risk assessment from 68.00% to 91.11%, and the correct rate of arm/leg circumference measurement from 62.00% to 97.04%, the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). Through the second round of action research, the intelligence of the system increased, the filling time of the reporting part shortened from (107.32±8.07) s to (80.50±7.25) s, and the filling time of the daily tracking part shortened from (53.38 ± 6.37)s to (29.08 ±4.65)s, with statistically significant differences (P＜0.05). Conclusions? Action research method is an effective way to solve practical and multi-disciplinary cooperation problems. Based on action research method, improving and optimizing VTE disease management system can be applied to clinical practice and improve the quality of disease management.

This paper was aimed at describing the frame of three-ladder training mode (objective, target,concrete training mode and personnel functions of all levels),the management mode of the whole training and quality control in preventive nursing care for venous thromboembolism (VTE )so as to elaborate the application of three-ladder training mode in the continuing education of VTE prevention and the training of thrombus specialized nurse.The satisfaction degree of this training initially showed the early effect of this training mode and this training provided primary and feasible program for the training of continuing education to popularize the knowledge and skill of thrombus prevention in clinical nursing staff of China.

Objective To analyze and explore the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) based on the Caprini Risk Assessment Model, so as to provide basis for nurses to identify the risk factors of VTE. Methods From January 2015 to December 2016, a total of 329 patients who were diagnosed with VTE in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling method. All the research subjects were assessed using Caprini Risk Assessment Model, analyzing the major risk factors for VTE. The risk factors of different gender, different site of thrombosis and different age group were compared and analyzed, and the characteristics of the risk factors were discussed. Results The top 10 risk factors in Caprini Risk Assessment Model were: bed time> 72 h, BMI≥25 kg/m2, age between 41 to 60 years old, age between 61 to 74 years old, surgery (> 45 minutes), lower extremity edema, surgery (within 1 month), medical patient in bed, age≥ 75 years old and abnormal lung function (COPD). Further analysis found that abnormal lung function (COPD) was an important risk factor for men (χ2=7.695, P=0.006); surgery (> 45 minutes) and lower extremity edema were important risk factors for distal deep vein thrombosis (χ2=17.699, 30.853; P< 0.001); bedridden time> 72 h was an important risk factor for the elderly (χ2=5.583, P=0.015); deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism history was an important risk factor for the young (χ2=5.584, P=0.018). Conclusions VTE probably occur in patients over 40 years old, and male patients with abnormal lung function (COPD). Large operations (>45 min) and lower extremity edema have a lower score in the Caprini Risk Assessment Model, however, they are meaningful for the formation of proximal thrombosis, which could not be ignored. The elderly patients are more likely to form thrombosis when their bed time is more than 72 hours. Young and middle-aged patients need to be vigilant for recurrent thrombosis. VTE risk assessment needs to be evaluated for the characteristics of different individuals.

Objective To address the fall risks in surgical patients during different time of perioperative period, and explore the best time of risk assessment, and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 250 elderly, who had selective operation and were chosen by a convenient sampling method, received fall risk assessment by Johns Hopkins fall risk assessment tool. We assessed the fall risk factors once a day from the first day of hospitalization until the seven day after operation. Results The fall risk increased 1 d before operation, and it climbed the highest score on the operation day (13. 92 ± 1. 94) with statistical significant compared with fall risk of other day (P<0. 01). The average score of fall risk were (12. 87 ± 1. 42), (11. 98 ± 2. 15) in two days after operation having high fall risk. From 3 d to 7 d after operation, the score of fall risk maintained a medium level. By correlation analysis, it presented the Pearson coefficient was >0. 5, for medicine and nursing facilities of 3 d after operation, and the movement of Pearson coefficient was >0. 5 during the 2 d to 7 d after operation. The further outcome of regression analysis shew that medicine, movement, patient′s nursing facilities and the fall history were high risk factors during perioperative period. Conclusions The fall risk increases on one day before operation and reach peak when patients come back unit after operation. After 7 d operation, the score of fall risk decreases progressively, but it still stays at the medium level. Different time exists different high fall risk factors, and it indicates we should strengthen fall risk assessment and prevention at 1 d, day coming back unit after operation and 7 d after operation to prevent fall incidences.