OBJECTIVE:To improve the automation and information level of Pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIV-AS),and provide reference for the PIVAS development. METHODS:Related functions of DS8000 intelligent sorting system and its effect of PIVAS were introduced;work environment,workflow,work efficiency,labor intensity and sorting error before and af-ter the system application were compared. RESULTS:The application of intelligent sorting system achieved the automation of multi-ple links including reviewing,sorting,automatically counting,automatically generating hand-over lists of departments,statistical inquiring for related information in finished soft bag infusion sorting. Compared with manual sorting,it only covered less area, working environment was neat and orderly,workflow links was reduced (6 vs. 10),work time was shortened (average time for sorting per bag of infusion 13.53 s vs. 3.11 s),labor intensity was decreased,and work error rate was reduced (0.128‰ vs. 0.013‰);meanwhile,it improved the management for shading drugs,and achieved data analysis of PIVAS and management infor-mation. CONCLUSIONS:The application of DS8000 intelligent sorting system has improved the automation and information of PI-VAS,and promoted the construction and development of PIVAS.

Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Norovirus ; Schools

Objective:To understand the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of glaucoma among people over 40 years old in rural areas of Chongqing.Methods:From August to October 2018, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the cases of glaucoma among people over 40 years old in a rural population of the Rongchang and Qijiang Districts in Chongqing.The subjects had been living in the local area for over ten years.Basic information for each patient, including gender and age was documented, and their visual acuity and intraocular pressure were routinely measured.The Van Herick method was used to evaluate the depth of the central and peripheral anterior chamber, a preset lens was used to examine the fundus, and the cup to disc ratio(C/D) of the optic disc was emphasized.All suspected glaucoma patients underwent further standard glaucoma examinations.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University.Results:A total of 4 680 people were identified, and 4 073 respondents participated in the survey, and the response rate was 87%.The prevalence of glaucoma was 1.72% (70/4 073). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) between different genders ( χ2=0.042, P=0.837; χ2=2.838, P=0.092). The prevalence of glaucoma in people over 70 years old was 2.5%, significantly higher than that in other age groups.In patients with glaucoma, the rate of visual impairment was 68.57%(48/70), and the rate of blindness was 47.14%(33/70). There was no significant difference in the incidence of low vision between different types of glaucoma ( χ2=2.785, P=0.248), but there was a significant difference in the rate of blindness ( χ2=10.668, P=0.005). The highest rate of blindness was found in secondary glaucoma.The detection rate of intraocular pressure, anterior chamber depth and C/D was statistically significant ( χ2=43.325, P<0.001), and the positive rate of C/D was the highest.When the factors of intraocular pressure, and C/D were considered jointly, the detection rate of glaucoma could be increased to 55.88%. Conclusions:The prevalence of glaucoma is 1.72% among people over 40 years old in rural areas of Chongqing, the prevalence of PACG is lower than previously recorded, but the proportion of glaucoma-induced visual impairment is higher.In field screening, the morphological examination of the fundus optic nerve is very important for the diagnosis of glaucoma.

Objective:To study the incidence and risk factors of central vein stenosis (CVS) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who received arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation for the first time, as well as effects of CVS on patency of ipsilateral AVF.Methods:It was a retrospective study. The CKD patients who received AVF creation for the first time in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to August 2020, with central vein digital subtraction angiography (DSA) results prior to angioplasty were selected as the study subjects. The differences of incidence of CVS in CKD patients with/without a history of cervical catheterization and primary patency rates of AVF between CVS and non-CVS groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis method was applied to analyze the influencing factors of CVS in CKD patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the primary patency rate of AVF. Cox regression analysis method was used to analyze the effect of CVS on the primary patency of ipsilateral AVF.Results:A total of 283 CKD patients aged (50.45±14.76) years were enrolled in the study, including 165 males (58.3%). The dialysis age was 0.5 (0, 7.0) months. There were 55 patients (19.4%) diagnosed with CVS before AVF, including 39 patients with stenosis <50% and 16 patients with stenosis ≥50%. The incidence of CVS in patients with history of right internal jugular vein central venous catheter insertion was significantly higher than that in those without this history [60.5% (26/43) vs. 9.9% (15/151), χ2=51.274, P<0.001]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that hemodialysis catheters indwelling time ≥3 months elevated the risk of CVS ( OR=4.345, 95% CI 1.540-12.263, P=0.006). A subset of 268 patients who had AVF creation ipsilateral to CVS were analyzed to determine the effects of CVS on patency of AVF. The median follow-up time was 34 months. The primary patency rate of AVF in the moderate to severe CVS group was significantly lower than that in the non-CVS group (5/7 vs. 58/228, χ2=7.720, P=0.005). The primary patency rates of AVF in the subclavian vein stenosis group and superior vena cava stenosis group were significantly lower than those in the brachiocephalic vein stenosis group (4/5 vs. 8/27, χ 2=6.974, P=0.008; 6/8 vs. 8/27, χ 2=6.908, P=0.009, respectively). Moderate to severe CVS and combined diabetes were independent influencing factors of primary patency of AVF ( HR=4.362, 95% CI 1.644-11.574, P=0.003; HR=2.682, 95% CI 1.624-4.431, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions:The incidence of CVS is higher in CKD patients who establish an arteriovenous fistula for the first time. Hemodialysis catheter indwelling time ≥3 months is an independent risk factor of CVS. The moderate to severe CVS is an independent risk factor of primary patency of AVF.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for constructing scientific and reasonable pharmaceutical service mode for hospitalized patients with chronic airway diseases. METHODS From October 2023 to March 2024， 250 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute exacerbation of asthma who were hospitalized in the respiratory department of Hebei General Hospital and received pharmaceutical care （PC） were randomly divided into control group （125 cases） and observation group （125 cases）. The control group received general pharmaceutical services throughout their hospitalization， while the observation group received standardized and graded pharmaceutical services throughout their hospitalization. The differences in clinical value indicators， humanistic value indicators， and quality management indicators were compared among different PC service models. RESULTS Among clinical value evaluation indicators， the observation group had better achievement rate of disease treatment goals， correct use score of inhalation devices， the incidence of adverse drug reactions， and the number of drug-related problems solved than the control group （P＜0.05）. Among the humanistic evaluation indicators， compared with the control group， the observation group had better medication compliance scores， pharmacist intervention success rates， and patient satisfaction scores （P＜0.05）. Among quality management evaluation indicators， the proportion of drug costs， the proportion of intravenous medication， the use rate of antibiotics， the intensity of antibiotic use， and the number of pharmaceutical services in the observation group were significantly better than the control group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Standardized and graded pharmaceutical care services have improved the efficiency of pharmacists and service effectiveness， making it a new pharmaceutical service model worth promoting.