Henoch-Schonlein purpura is the most common systemic vasculitis in childhood,and its exact etiology and pathogenesis is not clear.Studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in rheumatic autoimmune diseases and pathogenesis and pathological damage process of glomerular diseases.However,the home and abroad have less attention to the role of oxidative stress induced pathological and pathology injury processes in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura.This paper reviewes that generation of oxidative stress,the source of reactive oxygen species produced by Henoch-Schonlein purpura and pathological damage,the change of the oxidation systems and antioxidant systems,and the relationship between oxidative stress and aberrant glycosylation IgA1.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and total anti-oxidant capability (T-AOC) of Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura in children.MethodsA total of 80 HSP children hospitalized from November 2013 to April 2014 were selected including 40 cases of arthritis type, 20 cases of abdominal type and 20 cases of nephritis type (HSPN). Meanwhile, 16 healthy check-up children were selected as controls. Plas-ma MPO, T-AOC levels were detected by chemical colorimetry and MDA levels were detected by thiobarbituric acid colorime-try. Plasma SOD levels were measured by hydroxylamine method. Furthermore, 24-hour urine protein and other hematological indices were routinely tested.ResultsThe plasma levels of MPO, MDA, SOD and T-AOC were signiifcantly different among control group, arthritis type group, abdominal type group and HSPN group (F=24.22-126.99, allP=0.000). In comparison to oth-er three groups, the levels of MPO and MDA were signiifcantly increased and the levels of SOD and T-AOC were signiifcantly decreased in HSPN group (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the levels of MPO and MDA were signiifcantly higher and the levels of SOD and T-AOC were signiifcantly lower in arthritis and abdominal type groups (P<0.05). The levels of MPO and MDA in HSPN group were signiifcantly positively correlated with 24-hour urine protein (r=0.695, 0.559; bothP<0.01).Conclu-sionsThe imbalance between oxidation and antioxidant system exists in children with Henoch-Sch?nlein purpura.

Objective To investigate the charge nurses' leadership style perceived by nurses and nurse's self-efficacy,and then analyze the relationship between them.Methods Totally 368 staff nurses from 3A hospitals in Sichuan were investigated with questionnaires.The results underwent analysis.Results The score of charge nurses' transformational leadership style was 58.06±12.10,from high to low in turn was intellectual stimulation (3.10±0.69),inspirational motivation (2.92±0.73),idealized influence (2.88±0.67) and individualized consideration (2.71±0.74).The score of charge nurses' transactional leadership style was 35.77±8.58,from high to low in turn was contingency reward (3.11±0.71),passive exemplary management (3.09±0.75) and active exemplary management (2.75±0.90).The score of nurses' self-efficacy was 83.51±11.62.The transformational leadership style had positively predictive impact on nurses' selfefficacy.Conclusions Nursing managers should apply transformational leadership to improve nurses selfefficacy,promote the physical and mental health of nurses and the long-term development of hospital.

With the expansion of the overseas students in China,the psychological health education has been paid more and more attention.For the weak ability of conflicts management,prominent communication barrier and inveterate cultural difference,a preliminary study of convergence education of psychological health for overseas students is conducted in the perspective of positive psychology by building students'positive emotional experiences,cultivating students' positive qualities,as well as optimizing ideological education environment,around the theme as well as the virtues underlined in the theory of positive psychology on the basis of the convergence experiences of Chongqing Medical University.

Objective: To explore the payment of using third-party payment platform to optimize outpatient financial settlement. Methods: Third-party payment platform and debit without pin were introduced to build the way of payment with bank card and the security mechanism, and construct financial system of fund settlement and error handling. Results: Patients can use bank card accounts to pay for treatment in any department in time. Conclusion: Outpatient financial settlement in hospitals based on third-party payment platform had advantages of transfer payments, point-of-sale payments and merchants bank line payments, and also avoided the disadvantages.

Objective To understand status quo of the domestic and foreign iceberg competency model application,and to provide basis for further study in the nursing iceberg competency model.Methods A literature review about the application of competency iceberg model at home and abroad since 2009 was carried out,the relevant data was listed,and the research situation of domestic and foreign nursing iceberg competency model was summarized.Results According to the 141 total literatures whose theme was the iceberg competency model,only 3 articles were related to the nursing field,while most of the iceberg competency model aimed at the study of enterprises in the high-level management personnel,sales personnel and so on.More researches on competency iceberg model were conducted abroad,involved in all walks of life,an research direction of nursing had turned from general iceberg competency model to the study of specific posts.Conclusions The iceberg competency model applied to the management of nursing human resources in China is developed lately and the studies lack breadth,depth and scientificalness.Compared with foreign countries,there is a big gap.A thorough iceberg competency model for human resource management is ought to be studied to provide a new perspective and a more useful tool for the early Chinese nursing theory and practice.

A flow-injection chemiluminescence ( FI-CL ) reaction system with diperiodatoargentateⅢ was developed for the determination of hydrocortisone in human serum. The weak chemiluminescence signal from the reaction between DPA and sulfuric acid system can be greatly enhanced in the presence of hydrocortisone. The optimal conditions of the CL system were 1. 0 mol/L H2SO4, 2. 5×10-4 mol/L diperiodatoargentateⅢ, and flow rate of 4. 20 mL/min. Under the optimal conditions, the CL intensity was linearly to the concentration of hydrocortisone from 3 . 0 × 10-10 g/mL to 1 . 0 × 10-7 g/mL and the detection limit was 2 . 2 × 10-10 g/mL ( 3σ) . The relative standard deviation ( RSD ) was 0 . 6% ( n =11 ) for 5 . 0 × 10-8 g/mL hydrocortisone solution. The proposed method was successfully applied to the direct determination of hydrocortisone in serum samples with the recoveries of 93 . 0%-110 . 0%, and the relative standard deviations were 0 . 3%-3 . 2%. The possible chemiluminescence mechanism was investigated by measuring fluorescence spectra and UV-vis absorption spectra of the system.

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) reaction was based on the oxidizing reaction of luminol by the trivalent copper-periodate complex (K5[Cu(HIO6)2], DPC) in alkaline medium. The CL intensity could be enhanced in the presence of amikacin sulfate (AKS). A new CL method was developed for the determination of AKS by coupling with flow injection (FI) technology. Because of the distinctive oxidative effect of DPC, the luminol-based CL reaction could occur at a low concentration of 10à7 M. The relative CL intensity was proportional to the concentration of AKS in the range of 4.0 ? 10à9-4.0 ? 10à6 g/mL with the detection limit of 1.2 ? 10à9 g/mL. The relative standard deviation was 2.1% for 8.0 ? 10à9 g/mL AKS (n?9). The proposed method was successfully applied to the direct determination of AKS at the level of ng/mL in serum samples. The recovery varied from 97.0% to 106.3%. A possible mechanism of the CL reaction was discussed in detail by relating to the CL kinetic characteristics and electrochemical activities of the oxidant DPC.

Objective To study effect of chronic arsenism on ultra-structure of rats’ hippocampus CA3. Methods 50 SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups(25 rats in each group):the control group and the arsenic poisoning group. The control group drank distilled water. The arsenic poisoning group drank distilled water containing 100 mg/L AS2O3. Both groups were fed on common feed. All rats were killed after 4 months and the hippocampus tissue was observed by optic and electron microscope. Results By optic microscope,the pyramidal cells at the hippocampus CA3 region of the control group were dense and orderly. The cells bodies were pyramidal and clear,cytoplasm were abundant with Nissl bodies. While the pyramidal cells of the arsenic poisoning group were fewer and scattered unorderly and the pyramidal cell form was irregular. Nissl bodies in cytopalsm were fewer or missing.The arsenic poisoning group's cells were fewer than the control group’s (P

Objective To know the actual level of hair lead levels in children of Xi'an. Methods Hair samples were collected from 203 children aged 7-13 years of an urban primary school and a suburban one during April-June, 2001. The hair lead levels were measured with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results The geometric mean of hair lead levels of children in urban area was 4.69 ?g/g, while in suburban area it was 1.67 ?g/g. There was a significant difference between them (t=7.78, P=0.001). The younger group had a higher hair lead levels in urban area and suburban area. With age, hair lead levels showed a significant down trend. There was no significant difference had been seen between boys and girls living in the city, but the hair lead levels of rural boys(median 2.92 ?g/g) were higher than rural girls (median 1.52 ?g/g), P=0.02. Rate of high hair lead (13.2%)of urban children, based on the standard (≥10.0 ?g/g), was higher than rural children (1.2%) (?2=9.18, P=0.002). Conclusion The hair lead levels of the children living in urban districts are higher than that in the suburb area of Xi'an city. The rate of high hair lead of urban children was higher than that of the suburban children. The hair lead levels of children aged 7-13 years in Xi'an have showed a down trend with age. There is no significant difference between boys and girls in urban area, but the hair lead levels in suburban boys is higher than that of the suburban girls.