Objective To promote the development of non-invasive automated sphygmomanometer (oscillometry) performance testing technology by studying the related technologies and devices.Methods The performance testing contents of noninvasive automated sphygmomanometer (oscillometry) were summarized based on data inquiry and etc,involving in static and dynamic performance testing.The technical characteristics of the blood pressure simulator for testing non-invasive automated sphygmomanometer were analyzed,and the current market situation of the blood pressure simulator was described.Results The blood pressure simulator showed problems in concept,traceability and calibration.Conclusion To develop a new generation of blood pressure simulator is the development direction of non-invasive automated sphygmomanometer (oscillometry) performance testing technology.

Nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),a transcription factor,which widely exists in neuron,neuroglial cell and vascular endothelial cell.It mainly participates in the inflammatory reaction,apoptosis,immunological reaction and other stress reaction of the body.It is considered as an initiation factot of vascular endothelial cell injury.Cytokines.such as tumor necrosis factor-α may promote the inflammatory cascade reaction in cerebral infarction,and may also play an important role in cerebral ischemic injury.

OBJECTIVE: To study the possible pathway of the effect of musk on brain disorder, distributing into the brain through blood brain barrier. METHODS: We used the musk ketone (muscone), a main composition of musk, to inject through the tail vein of the rats into the blood and took the brain and other organs at different times to make samples. Then gas chromatography was used to measure the distribution of muscone in the brain and other organs. RESULTS: Muscone could pass through the normal rat's blood brain barrier into the brain and soon reached the highest peak and remained in higher concentration, and more slowly metabolized as compared with other organs. CONCLUSION: Musk distributing into the brain through blood brain barrier provides the basis for its effect in treating brain disorders. Chromatography is an effective method to study the active composition of Chinese herbal medicine distributing through the blood brain barrier into the brain.

Objective To detect the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2 ) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to investigate their clinical significance.Methods Resected tissue of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (observation group)and adjacent normal laryngeal mucosa ( control group) from 54 patients were collectod.Accooding to histological differentiation degreo,cervical lymph node metastasis,clinical TNM staging,EGFR and COX-2 were compared.Results The expression rate of EGFR in observation group [63.0％ (34/54)] was higher than that in control group [42.6％ (23/54)] (P ＜ 0.05 ).And COX-2 in observation group [68.5％(37/54)] was higher than that in control group [35.2％ (19/54)] (P ＜0.01).The expression of EGFR and COX-2 in observation group (0.584 ±0.136,0.561 ±0.134) were significantly higher than those in control group (0.161 ±0.045,0.114 ±0.027),respectively (P ＜0.01).The expression of EGFR and COX-2 had significant difference among histological differentiation degree,with or without cervical lymph node metastasis,different clinical TNM staging (P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ).Correlation analysis showed that the expression of EGFR and COX-2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma had positive correlation (r =0.602,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The expression of EGFR and COX-2 have some contribution to the incidence and development of laryngeal squamots cell carcinoma.They can be used for the different diagnosis of benign and malignant carcinoma,clinical staging and prognosis estimating.They have significant clinical values.

AIM: This study is to detail its possible mechanisms that homocysteine (Hcy) induces injury of cultured endothelial cells.METHODS: Hcy in sequential concentrations was added into the cultured human umbilial vein endothelial cells for 24 hours in serum-free medium. The lipid peroxidation, release of LDH, cell total protein content, cell apoptosis and necrosis were assessed. RESULTS: Hcy increased the apoptosis of endothelial cells.In high Hcy concentration the cells also showed obvious injurious and necrotic morphological changes. Lipid peroxidation increased, with LDH releasing up and cell total protein content down, and they showed a positive dose-effect relationship with the Hcy concentration. All the above effects of Hcy was strengthened by low density lipoprotein (LDL) which may suggest synergetic effects of Hcy and LDL.CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that Hcy has a strong oxidizing effect, which may be one of its major mechanism for injury of EC.

Objective To understand the functional exercise situation of the total hip arthroplasty(THA)patients in hospital. Methods Using self-designed functional exercise in patients with TKA outline the structure of observation, observation and collection of Orthopedic Surgery,71 cases (91 hips)received THA in patients with relevant information. Results After the former 3d,22.5% of patients did not exercise;After 14 d continuous passive motion (CPM) ,hip joint exercises were separately accounted for 71.8% and 81.7% ,and static muscle contraction,straight leg raising were accounted for 40.8 percent and 81.7 percent. The four exercise started lately, training methods were not standardized the patients, insisted on a shorter time;single-and double-hip replacement hip replacement in patients with Shimoji routing practice started time respectively, after (6.51 ± 2.90 ) d and ( 10.30 ± 3.21 ) d. In the functional exercise process,CPM was assisted by nurse,in other exercises was assisted by retaining workers and patients families. Conclusion THA patients hospitalized during the actual exercise of the number,frequency,timing and methods vary, nursing staff should be further explored how to ensure that patients really effective rehabilitation exercise to further enhance the effect of patients with rehabilitation exercises.

Objective To investigate the effects of continuous vennvenous haemodiafihration(CVVHDF)on major organ fimction and plasma cytokine levels in MODS dogs.Methods Fifteen Beagle dogs were subjected to hemorrhagic shock plus resuscitation and endotoxemia to establish MODS model,then dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups:CVVHDF group(n=8)and MODS group without CVVHDF (n=7).CVVHDF was performed for 12 hours after endotoxin injection in CVVHDF group dogs.Serum ALT,AST,Scr,BUN and blood gas were routinely measured,and plasma TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-10 coneentrations were measured by ELISA at different time points. Results Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly decreased in the CVVHDF group at 3 h,6 h,9 h and 12 h after endotoxin injection as compared with MODS group (P＜0.01).TNF-α levels were similar in both groups(P＞0.05).IL-6 and TNF-α were detected in the ultrafihrate.The sieving coefficients (SC) for IL-6 and TNF-α were 0.27±0.13 and 0.1±0.1 respectively.IL-10 could not be detected in the ultrafiltrate.In CVVHDF group,function of major organs was improved.The beneficial effect of CVVHDF on the hypotension of MODS dogs was particularly striking at 6 h,9 h,and 12 h alter endotoxin injection(P＜0.01).Mean PaO2 in CVVHDF groups at 3 h,6 h,9 h,and 12 h after endotoxin injection was significantly higher than that in MODS group(P＜0.01). Conclusion CVVHDF effectively removes IL-6 and IL-10from the cireulation,attennates endotoxin-induced hypotension and improves arterial oxygenation in MODS dogs.

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of ω-3 fatty acids and middle/light fatty acids in the intervention of rats model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.MethodsTotally 120 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal saline (NS) group,bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis without treatment group ( BLM group),middle/light fatty acids group,ω-3 fatty acids group.Lung tissues were obtained on the 7th,14th,and 21st day after modeling.The left lung were measured by using immunohistochemical methods for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interferon garmma ( IFN-γ).The lower lobe of the right lung underwent HE staining.Serum TGF-β1,IFN-γ,and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured using double-antibody sandwich ELISA.ResultsThe pulmonary alveolitis and fibrosis in the ω-3 fatty acids group was significantly milder than in middle/light fatty acids group and BLM group.On the 7th,14th,and 21st day after modeling,stronger TGF-β1 protein expression was detected in the bronehiolar epithelia of middle/light fatty acids group and BLM group and poorer IFN-γexpression in both groups.However,the opposite results were found in the ω-3 fatty acids group: on the 7th,14th,and 21st day after modeling,TGF-β1 protein expression ( 13.60 ± 5.90,10.53 ± 4.21,and 7.23 ± 2.21 )was lower ( P =0.047) and IFN-γ ( 13.85 ± 7.48,15.32 ± 2.12,and 18.74 ± 2.65 ) was stronger in ω-3 fatty acids group (P =0.041).On the 7 ,14,and 21st day after modeling,the serum IL-4 levels in the middle/light fatty acids group and BLM group became significantly higher,while the IFN-γ level in both groups was significantly lower than in ω-3 fatty acids group ( P =0.008 ) ; meanwhile,in the ω-3 fatty acids group,the serum IL-4 levels [ (8.73 ± 1.20),(5.73 ±2.03),and (4.98 ± 1.89) pg/ml] were significantly lower (P =0.044) and serum IFN-γlevels [ (5.67 ± 0.13 ),( 6.58 ± 0.64 ),and ( 7.05 ± 0.52 ) pg/ml ] were significantly higher ( P =0.048 ) on the 72,14th,and 21st day after modeling.Conclusionsω-3 fatty acids can lower TGF-β1 protein expression in rat lung tissue and reduce the surum TGF-β1 and IL-4 levels.Compared with the middle/light fatty acids,it can more effectively upregulate the expression of IFN-γ in lung tissue and increase its serum level,and thus alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of metformin ( MET) on learning and memory behavior in HFD-induced insulin-resistant rats.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups to receive either a normal diet (Control group) or a high-fat diet (two HFD groups) for four weeks(HFD+MET).From two HFD groups, one received vehicle ( HFD group ) alone and other MET administration ( HFD+MET group ) .MET was dissolved in drinking water at a concentration of 2 mg/ml.All rats were subjected to the glucose tolerance test ( GTT) and behavioral tests using the elevated plus maze ( EPM ) , open field test ( OFT ) , Morris water maze ( MWM ) test and the step-through passive avoidance test ( PA) after four-week consecutive MET treatment .Blood samples were collected for determination of glucose. Results MET attenuated the glucose resistant condition and improved cognitive behavior in MWM and PA, vs the HFD group. Conclusion MET can improve the impaired learning and memory behavior in HFD-induced insulin-resistant rats.

Objective Beagle dogs were subjected to hemorrhagic shock plus resuscitation and endotoxiemia (two-hit) to set up multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) model. In the study, this model can be used to monitor the responses of organ compensation and in compensation. Method Seven male Beagle dogs, weight ( 15 ± 2) kg, were provided by animal experiment centre of Xinjiang Medical University. MODS model was set up in 7 Beagle dogs. Hemorrhagic shock was produced according to the method of Wigger. After the resuscitation,Escherichia coli endotoxin was given via the femoral vein at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. The criteria of MODS were defined as the presence of two or more of organ dysfunction. Clinical biochemical values were examined before making model and 0 h,3 h,6 h,9 h, 12 h after the establishment of model. The pathological change of the liver and the kidney were observed under the light microscopy. Results Significant differences of WBC,PaO2,LP,ALT, AST,Cr and BUN were observed after the establishment of model compared with those before the establishment of model ( P ＜ 0.05). Severe pathological lesions were observed in tissues of the liver and kidney. Conclusions Hemorrhagic shock and endotoxemia,a two-hit method, can be used to set up a delayed animal model for MODS to study the responses of organ dysfunction caused by ischemic and infectious diseases.