A single drug or a method may not achieve the best result for the management post-operative pain, so multimodal analgesia is proposed as a new analgesic concept in recent years. This article describes the mechanism of postoperative pain, some of the factors affecting postoperative pain and the importance of the treatment of postoperative pain after surgery. It also introduces a variety of analgesic drugs and methods commonly used as multimodal analgesia in postoperative pain treatment in orthopaedic. Foreground of the research is prospected as well.

Fasting plasma gastrin levels were found to be elevated in 35 cases of hyperthyroidism (265.17?143.17 pg / ml) as-compared with the normal controls (68.30?28.00 pg / ml). The elevated gastrin levels were obviously lowered after the thyroid function was normalized by treatment (115.54?45.86 pg / ml, P

The serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor(sIL—2R)in 39 patients with malignant tumour of degestive system wasemeasured using by sandwith ELISA with monoclonal and polycional antibodies technigue.The results show the level of sIL—2R was obvious higher than level of sIL—2R of the controls(P

OBJECTIVE To discussion the risk factors of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in Burn ward.METHODS The A.baccmannii infection and risk factors were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS 1326 strains were isolated of with 72 strains were A.baccmannii(5.43%) and showed serious antimicrobial.CONCLUSIONS The mult-drug resistance of A.baccmannii are high and showld be paid attention to.

There should be two systems studying from complex human system:pleurodiaphragmatic interspace systems of narrow-meaning and broad-meaning.The narrow-meaning one's connotation:a vertical hidden pleurodiaphragmatic interspace,the structure of 2 horizontal pleurodiaphragmatic interspace;the broad-meaning one's connotation:the relation structure of ① 9 fault horizontal pleurodiaphragmatic interspaces,② 9 straight vertical pleurodiaphragmatic interspaces,③pleurodiaphragmatic interspaces of 18 horizontal-wheel cross sections.Tri-jiao is the human's giant system of Qi function of essential Qi,deciding the functional level of pleurodiaphragmatic interspace.The large system of functional level governs all the sub-systems.All levels of systems control the relation net knob of intersected pleurodiaphragmatic interspaces;the relation net knob corresponds to unit deciding the special structures of all systems of pleurodiaphragmatic interspaces.The systemic pleurodiaphragmatic interspace theory is based on the classic subject of tri-jiao—the door of pleurodiaphragmatic interspace.Mr.Xue Shengbai's principle has outstanding initial achievement in analyzing the subject,opening the secret gate of tri-jiao,guiding the sealed and blurred pleurodiaphragmatic interspace theory into complex systemic research,activating the horizontal confusing pleurodiaphragmatic interspace into dimensional structural space,promoting it stand up and walk and be alive,also bringing it into the big system of tri-jiao Qi function,making the integrated constant move theory connected in levels of governing,abiding,being through,collateral and simplicity,finally falling down the spot of effective clinical treatment,with decoction corresponding to sign,developing creative modern model of TCM systemic pleurodiaphragmatic interspace theory.

Apply systemic complex study method to make multi-level and visual field study on Pleurodiaphragmatic Interspace Principle of febrile disease,aiming to expose occurrence principle of Pleurodiaphragmatic Interspace syndrome science,its form position,physiological function and pathological mechanism,syndrome state as well.Its syndrome types;explore its connotation in broad and narrow meanings,define the relation structure and functional level of Pleurodiaphragmatic Interspace and Shaoyang,half superficial and inner of triple energizer,offer reference and effective resource for modern clinical infectious disease,acute contagion,type A H1N1,esp.the treatment based on differentiation of signs of "latent pathogeny in Pleurodiaphragmatic Interspace",one of wet hot febrile and pestilence diseases in Jiangnan,Lingnan and Liangguang region.

Objective To promote the development of non-invasive automated sphygmomanometer (oscillometry) performance testing technology by studying the related technologies and devices.Methods The performance testing contents of noninvasive automated sphygmomanometer (oscillometry) were summarized based on data inquiry and etc,involving in static and dynamic performance testing.The technical characteristics of the blood pressure simulator for testing non-invasive automated sphygmomanometer were analyzed,and the current market situation of the blood pressure simulator was described.Results The blood pressure simulator showed problems in concept,traceability and calibration.Conclusion To develop a new generation of blood pressure simulator is the development direction of non-invasive automated sphygmomanometer (oscillometry) performance testing technology.

Objective Ryanodine receptor (RyR) is one of the Ca2+ release channels on the intracellular Ca2+ stores. RyR induced-Ca2+ release is activated by the voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry, that is, calcium-induced calcium release (CICR). Intracellular free Ca2+ concentration (ECa2+]i) plays a key role on cochlear function. Our study is to investigate the differential expression of RyR in the developing rat cochlea, and to analyze the relationship between the expression of RyR and auditory functional development. Methods Immature SD rats, which were 1 day (P1), 5 days (P5), 10 days (P10), 14 days (P14), 28 days (P28) after parturition, and adutl rats(5 rats for each age) were included in the study. Frozen cochlea sectioning and immunofluorescence were applied to observe the differential expression of RyR. Results The RyR expression in the Corti's organ increased during the cochlear development. It's not significant that the stain was observed on the hair cells and supporting cells in the Corti's organ of P1 and P5 rats. The appearance of the Corti's organ of P10 rats trended to maturity. In P14 rats the RyR expression on hair cells located in the synaptic area against the afferent or efferent nerve, and the strain on supporting cells was extensive. There was little different between the strain on cochlea of P14 and P28 rats. In postmature rat spiral ganglion neurons (SGN), the RyR expression verged gradually from extensive whole cell soma to the synaptic area near to the plasma membrane. Conclusion The RyR expression peaked the 14th day after parturition, which was close to that in the mature cochlea. The time course of the RyR expression during the cochlear development was coincident with that of the auditory functional development. The RyR expression on both hair cells and SGNs located in the synaptic area near to the plasmolemma, implying that RyR induced-CICR was related to the auditory functions such as neurotransmission. Extensive RyR expression in the soma of SGNs at the early stage possibly involved in apoptosis of SGNs during neuron development.

Objective To investigate the predisposing factors and fungal characteristics of nosocomial fungal infection (NFI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods The fungal characteristics and laboratory indices were analyzed in patients with and without NFI secondary to CKD. Results The most common infection site of NFI in 65 cases patients with CKD was urinary tract (25 man-times, 38.46%), and the second common site was digestive tract (20 man-times, 30.77%). The most common pathogenic fungus was Candida albicans (68.49%), followed by Candida tropicalis (17.81%). The sensitivity of Candida albicans to fluconazol was 90%. The predisposing factors included prolonged length of stay, anaemia, malnutrition, hypogammaglobulinemia, mass proteinuria, renal insufficiency, and the use of large dose of broad spectrum antibiotics, prednisone and cytoxan. Conclusion CKD may predispose to NFI, and the most common fungus is Candida albicans,so the predisposing factors should be controlled so as to prevent NFI among patients with CKD.