OBJECTIVE: To introduce the skills clinical pharmacists applied in guiding the use of insulin and its analogs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS: The related knowledge needed to be mastered by clinical pharmacists were reviewed,and based on our clinical practice,the skills in offering guidance for the use of insulin and its analogs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were proposed.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Clinical pharmacists can take advantage of their expertise and skills accumulated in clinical practice to provide better pharmaceutical care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective:This study aimed to reveal the age-related changes in prevalence and symptom characteristics in kidney deficiency syndrome (KDS) with varied health status.Methods:This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in6 hospitals.Investigators queried participants aged 20-79 about their health,including symptoms if any,and completed questionnaires to collect participants responses.Prevalence,severity,and frequency of KDS and other relevant parameters were observed and recorded.Comparative analysis of count-able variables,including prevalence,was performed by frequency analysis and x2 test and ex-pressed as a composite ratio.Comparative analysis of quantitative scores of the severity and frequency of symptoms was performed by the rank-sum test.Regression analysis of the corre-lation of KDS with potential contributing factors was performed by non-conditional binary lo-gistic stepwise regression of numerical variables.Results:Prevalence of KDS in healthy and unhealthy participants correlated with increasing age (P ＜ 0.05).In those with chronic disease,KDS prevalence was comparatively high,but the trend was not obvious.KDS prevalence in participants age 20-39 showed an increasing trend with deteriorating health (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to healthy individuals,KDS prevalence in subhealthy persons and those with chronic disease showed an increasing trend (P ＜ 0.05)in the 40-59 and 60-79 age groups,whereas there was no difference between subhealthy per-sons and those with chronic disease age 40-59 and 60-79.Symptom severity scores of KDS showed an increasing trend with increasing age and deteriorating health status (P ＜ 0.05).Higher symptom frequency scores were also positively correlated with increasing age(P ＜ 0.05),but health status deterioration was not significantly correlated (P ＞ 0.05).Age,health status,lower back pain,shin soreness or heel pain,tinnitus or deafness,hair loss or loose teeth,incomplete bladder emptying or incontinence,and sexual dysfunction or infer-tility were potential factors contributing to KDS (P ＜ 0.05),but age was the only independent variable for which OR ＞1.Moreover,the distribution of typical KDS-related symptoms showed dramatic regularities.Conclusion:Prevalence and symptom characteristics of KDS were found to increase consis-tently with increasing age and deteriorating health status.Kidney deficiency may be an impor-tant mechanism of aging in the subhealthy and chronic disease states.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of sappanone A(SA)on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model based on JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods MTT assay was used to detect the effects of sappanone A,LPS and AG490 on RAW264.7 cell viability.The LPS-induced inflammatory model in RAW264.7 cells was established,and the secretion level of interleukin-6(IL-6)in the supernatant was detected by ELISA.mRNA expressions of IL-6,Janus kinase 2(JAK2)and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)were tested by RT-PCR.The protein expressions of JAK2,phosphorylated JAK2(p-JAK2),STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3)were determined by Western Blot.Results Compared with control group,IL-6 secretion level was significantly increased,mRNA expressions of IL-6,JAK2 and STAT3 were up-regulated,and protein expressions of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 were increased(all P＜0.01)in model group.Compared with model group,high-dosed sappanone A(5 μg·mL-1)was significantly decreased the secretion of IL-6,down-regulated the mRNA expressions of IL-6,JAK2 and STAT3,and inhibited the protein expressions of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Sappanone A may play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway and hence inhibiting the secretion of IL-6.

As a novel technology, wearable physiological parameter monitoring technology represents the future of monitoring technology. However, there are still many problems in the application of this kind of technology. In this paper, a pilot study was conducted to evaluate the quality of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals of the wearable physiological monitoring system (SensEcho-5B). Firstly, an evaluation algorithm of ECG signal quality was developed based on template matching method, which was used for automatic and quantitative evaluation of ECG signals. The algorithm performance was tested on a randomly selected 100 h dataset of ECG signals from 100 subjects (15 healthy subjects and 85 patients with cardiovascular diseases). On this basis, 24-hour ECG data of 30 subjects (7 healthy subjects and 23 patients with cardiovascular diseases) were collected synchronously by SensEcho-5B and ECG Holter. The evaluation algorithm was used to evaluate the quality of ECG signals recorded synchronously by the two systems. Algorithm validation results: sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 99.51%, and accuracy was 99.99%. Results of controlled test of 30 subjects: the median (Q1, Q3) of ECG signal detected by SensEcho-5B with poor signal quality time was 8.93 (0.84, 32.53) minutes, and the median (Q1, Q3) of ECG signal detected by Holter with poor signal quality time was 14.75 (4.39, 35.98) minutes (Rank sum test,
Algorithms ; Electrocardiography ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wearable Electronic Devices

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction. METHODS Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment for a case of levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction， and adjudged the relationship of levofloxacin with hypersensitivity reaction according to relative standards. Retrieved from CNKI， VIP， Wanfang database， PubMed and Embase， relevant literature about levofloxacin-induced hypersensitivity reaction was collected and analyzed. RESULTS Clinical pharmacists suggested checking the patient’s previous medication and allergy history based on symptoms such as fever and systemic rash， and determined that the drug hypersensitivity was “likely” or “highly likely” to be associated with levofloxacin. Clinicians provided symptomatic treatment to the patient based on the judgment of clinical pharmacists， and the patient improved after treatment. Results of the literature analysis showed that among 31 involved patients， there were 23 males and 8 females； 18 patients aged 50 and above； the incubation period of 24 patients was within 4 days after medication. The main adverse drug reactions were drug hypersensitivity syndrome， fixed drug eruption， erythema multiforme， etc. Most patients were improved after withdrawal and symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS Hypersensitivity reaction is the rare adverse drug reaction of levofloxacin， mostly occurring within 2.5 h to 4 days after administration， and it is more likely to occur in middle-aged and elderly patients. Before clinical use， patients should be asked about their drug allergy history in detail； when patients experience fever or rash without obvious causes， medication should be stopped promptly and symptomatic treatment should be taken to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the patients’ medication.