The molecular mechanism of autophagy is complicated and it always affects the occurrence and development of tumor in many different degrees,so it is the new hot spot in pathological study area.The angiogenesis includes physiological vascularization and pathological vascularization,and the pathological new vessels which provide nutrition for the continuous growth of tumors have a close relationship to the development and metastasis of tumor.The process of angiogenesis can be affected by regulating the autophagy of vascular endothelial cells,which provides a new method for tumor therapy.

Objective To investigate the different distribution of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD8+T cells in the local immune microenvironment of mucosal malignant melanoma and cutaneous malignant melanoma, and analyze the relationship between the two indicators and the prognosis of patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry staining was used to assess the ex?pression of Foxp3+Tregs and CD8+T cells in tumor microenvironment of 58 patients with malignant melanoma. The correlation between two factors, clinicopathological characteristics, and prognosis were analyzed. Results There is no correlation be?tween the expression of Foxp3 and CD8. The number of Foxp3+Tregs was significantly higher in mucosa malignant melanoma than that in cutaneous malignant melanoma (t=2.648, P=0.011). The proportion of Foxp3highTregs was significantly higher in pa?tients with tumor diameter≥3 cm, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis than that in patients with tumor diameter<3 cm, no lymph node metastasis and no distant metastasis (P<0.05). In addition, in patients with ulceration that proportion was significantly higher in CD8high group than that in patients without ulceration (33.3%vs 5.9%, P<0.05). The median progres?sion-free surial (PFS) was 12 months in Foxp3high group, which was significantly longer than that of Foxp3low group (31 months, P<0.05). The median PFS was significantly higher in CD8high group (25 months) than that of CD8low group (12 months, P<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that the median PFS was 7 months in Foxp3high CD8low group, which was significantly lower than that of Foxp3highCD8high group (25 months) and Foxp3lowCD8low group (18 months, P=0.003). Univariate analysis showed that median PFS was different in patients with different tumor location, different number of Foxp3+Treg, different number of CD8+T cells, and distant metastases. Conclusion The number of Tregs is closely associated with metastasis in patients with malig?nant melanoma. Compared with cutaneous malignant melanoma, our results indicate that the poor prognosis of mucosal malig?nant melanoma may be associated with the infiltration of more Tregs.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) on pain behavior in a rat model of post-incision pain.MethodsFifty-eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study,four rats were used for immunofluorescence test,thirty rats were employed for pain behavior test,and twenty-four rats were used for Western blot.Rats used for pain behavior test and Western blot were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group ( C group),incision pain model group ( I group) and amiloride group (A group).Plantar skin of rats in A group were infiltrated with 20 μl(200 μg)amiloride solution.Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency(PWTL) of all rats in pain behavior test was tested at 24 h preoperative,2 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h postoperative.Western blot was tested at 4 h postoperative.ResultsImmunofluorescence test displayed ASIC3 was expressed in plantar skin of all rats.The basal level of PWMT and PWTL of all rats in three groups was C group( (23.15 ± 5.10) g,( 11.32 ± 1.21 ) s),I group ( (23.26 ± 5.69) g,( 11.75 ± 2.01 ) s),A group ( (23.63 ± 4.96 ) g,( 11.47 ± 1.96) s) respectively,which was no significantly difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).PWMT and PWTL of I group and A group was significantly lower than that of C group at all time points postoperative (P ＜ 0.05) ; PWMT and PWTL of A group was at 2 h( ( 13.75 ±3.25)g,(9.96±1.32)s),4h((14.05±3.75)g,(9.17±2.11)s),8 h((9.75 ±2.74)g,(8.11 ±1.22)s)postoperative,which was significantly higher than that of I group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with that of C group,the level of pERK1/2 expression was significantly increased in I group at 4 h postoperative (P ＜ 0.05 ),which could be inhibited by amiloride local infiltration (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionASIC3 can mediate incision pain in a rat model of post-incision pain,through pERK1/2 signaling pathway,which can be inhibited by amiloride.

A capillary electrophoretic method was developed for the separation of enantiomers of naphthylgly-cidic ether(NGE). Several cyclodextrins(CDs) were applied as the chiral selectors and it was found that the ionic modified highly sulfated cyclodextrin(HS-β-CD) could give satisfactory enantioselectivity. In addition,the effects of the pH value of the buffer system,the concentration of the HS-β-CD,capillary temperature and the running voltage on the chiral separation were investigated systematically. The result showed that under the optimized conditions of pH 2. 5,20 mmol/L H_3PO_4-triethanolamine buffer containing 2% highly sulfated cyclodextrin ( HS-β-CD) at capillary temperature 20℃ in the reversed polarity voltage of - 18 kV,the enantiomers of naphthylglycidic ether were baseline separated. This method is simple,precise and can be applied to the chiral separation of naphthylglycidic ether enantiomers and determination of enantiomers excess(ee,% ).

Objective To investigate the chemical properties of superficial cardiac neurons. Methods By means of immunohistochemical ABC technique,the study was performed concerning the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) and substance P(SP) in the canine main cardiac superficial plexus. Results CGRP-immunoreactive(IR) neurons were found in every plexus,but SP-IR neurons could be observed only in dorsal atria plexus(DAP),inter atria plexus(IAP) and aorta-pulmonary plexus(A-PP).The shape and size of CGRP-IR and SP-IR neurons were similar.The comparative study on atria and ventricles indicated that CGRP-IR and SP-IR neurons in atria were more than those in ventricles.Numerous CGRP-IR,SP-IR nerve fibers could be observed in each fat pats and intermyocardiocytes.These nerve fibers were usually situated near blood vessels,or were attached to vessel wall.Somewhat CGRP-IR and SP-IR nerve fibers were connected with myocardiocytes in some regions.Conclusion The results indicated that actually existed two peptides in canine cardiac superficial plexus.These implied that the regulations of the two kinds of peptidergic neurons to atria and ventricle were different.The two kinds of neurons mentioned above were likely to perform different or similar functions in canine heart.CGRP and SP could possibly modulate the activities of myocardiocytes and vessels of heart directly.

Objective To investigate the expressions of ezrin,E-cadherin,paxillin and integrin β1 in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and their significance.Methods The expressions of ezrin,E-cadherin,paxillin and.integrin β1 were immunohistochemically detected in tissue specimens from 30 patients with SCC and 10 normal human controls.Results The expression rates of ezrin and E-cadherin in normal human keratinocytes were significantly higher than those in SCC cells [ 100.00％ (10/10)vs.56.67％(17/30),x2 =6.42,P ＜ 0.05; 100.00％ (10/10) vs 13.33％ (4/30),x2=24.76,P ＜ 0.05],while the expression rates of paxillin and integrin β1 in normal human keratinocytes were significantly lower than those in SCC cells [0.00vs.70.00％ (21/30),x2 =14.74,P ＜ 0.01; 10.00％ (1/10) vs.66.67％ (20/30),x2 =9.66,P ＜ 0.05].In SCC cells,there was a significant positive correlation between the expression of ezrin and E-cadherin (r =0.52,P ＜0.01 ),but a negative correlation between the expression of paxillin and E-cadherin and between that of integrin β1 and E-cadherin (r =- 0.56,- 0.52 respectively,both P ＜ 0.01); no significant correlation was observed between the expression of ezrin and paxillin or integrin β1,or between the that of paxillin and integrin β1 (r =0.5,0.24 and 0 respectively,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The low expression of E-cadherin and high expression of paxillin and integrin β1 may synergistically promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells,while integrin β1 and E-cadherin may play an antagonistic role in the metastasis of SCC.

Aim To explore the effects of Nrf2-ARE signal path on levrtiracetam anti-epileptic and levrtiracetam on learning and memorizing ability.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were divided into normal saline group, levrtiracetam group, model group and treatment group.Each group recruited nine rats.Tests of Morries water maze were given to the rats to evaluate their learning and memorizing ability.The protein expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived2)-like2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase(NQO1) were examined by Western blot.Results Compared with model group, levrtiracetam could shorten the plateau period in epileptic rats (P<0.05), and increase the expression of Nrf2 protein, HO-1 protein and NQO1 protein in hippocampus(P<0.05).Conclusions Levrtiracetam could improve the learning and memorizing ability in epileptic rats.Levrtiracetam may increase the expression of HO-1 protein and NQO1 protein through the Nrf2-ARE pathway and play a part in antiepileptic effects.

Objective: To understand the use of condom among middle school students after outpatient abortion operation, so as to provide a basis for safe sex education and intervention. Methods: The questionnaire survey on condom use was conducted among the middle school students who had abortion operation in obstetric and gynecologic out patient clinic of Yuyao People s Hospital from 2016 to 2020. Group differences were compared by using Chi square test. Results: A total of 274 middle school students were investigated. The awareness rates on "AIDS can be transmitted through sexual contact" and "correct use of condoms can reduce the risk of AIDS through sexual transmission" were 93.80% and 91.24% respectively. The rate of condom s usage was 17.88% in the past 6 months, 5.47% of participants used condoms every time, 12.41% used condoms occasionally, and 82.12% never used condoms. About 18.37% of participants who used condoms every time or occasionally could use correctly. The top three reasons were "I don t think it s so coincidental to get pregnant once in a while" (16.44%), "I think it s very troublesome to use it" (14.67%), "I didn t expect to use it, let alone prevent diseases" (14.22%). Conclusion Yuyao City flow of students related AIDS knowledge awareness rate is high, and the condom utilization rate, the correct utilization rate is very low. According to the main reasons of not wearing condoms, do a good job of the correct use of condom publicity, through targeted sex education and intervention, to achieve the purpose of from "knowledge" to "faith" and ultimately to "practice".

Objective:To explore the application effect of LEARNS(L: listen; E: establish; A: adopt; R: reinforce; N: name; S: strengthen) model in health education for patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA) examination, so as to provide basis for improving image quality and optimizing examination process.Methods:One hundred and sixteen patients who underwent CCTA examination at the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from April to September 2023 were selected as the research subjects by convenience sampling method. A non-concurrent controlled study was conducted, with 58 patients examined from April to June 2023 as the control group to implement conventional health education, and 58 patients examined from July to September 2023 as the observation group to implement LEARNS model health education. The differences in examination knowledge scores, anxiety level, coronary artery image quality, examination duration and health education satisfaction between the two groups were compared.Results:There were 31 males and 27 females in the control group, aged (51.97 ± 9.39) years old. There were 30 males and 28 females in the observation group, aged (53.48 ± 8.95) years old. There was no significant difference in the examination knowledge scores and anxiety level before the intervention between the two groups ( P>0.05). After the intervention, the examination knowledge score of the patients in the observation group was (12.95 ± 1.15) points, which was higher than (9.02 ± 1.55) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-15.53, P<0.05). The acceptance rate of image quality in the observation group was 96.6% (56/58), which was higher than 87.9% (51/58), but the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=1.93, P>0.05). The proportion of patients with level 1 image quality in the observation group was 81.0%(47/58), which was higher than 55.2%(32/58) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=8.93, P<0.05). The total score of health education satisfaction in the observation group was (39.81 ± 1.81) points, which was higher than (31.19 ± 3.10) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t=-18.27, P<0.05). The score of anxiety scale and duration of examination in the observation group were (36.81 ± 2.12) points and (6.72 ± 1.02) min respectively, which were significantly lower than (41.12 ± 2.46) points and (9.40 ± 1.49) min in the control group, the differences were statistically significant ( t=10.11, 11.29, both P<0.05). Conclusions:LEARNS model is used for health education of patients undergoing CCTA examination, which helps to improve patients′ knowledge level, health education satisfaction and coronary image quality. It can also alleviate examination anxiety and shorten examination time. It is worthy of promotion.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of iodinated contrast agent extravasation in tumor patients with intravenous high pressure injection, and to develop a nomogram model of contrast agent extravasation, so as to provide reference for the detection of extravasation risk factors before examination.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was used in this study. Two hundred and two tumor patients with iodinatedcontrast agent extravasation who underwent enhanced CT examination in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi People′s Hospital and Shanxi tumor Hospital from September 2021 to September 2023 were selected by random sampling method as the case group, and 202 tumor patients without iodinated contrast agent extravasation who underwent enhanced CT examination in the above 3 hospitals during the same period were randomly selected as the control group. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of iodinated contrast agent extravasation and a nomogram prediction model was established by R4.3.1 statistical software. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test were used to evaluate the predictive efficiency of the model.Results:A total of 404 tumor patients were included in this study. There were 97 males and 105 females in the case group, aged 30-88 (62.97 ± 0.91) years old; and 123 males and 79 females in the control group, aged 31-85 (61.38 ± 0.73) years old. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, sex, injection rate, contrast agent concentration, contrast osmotic concentration, long-term chemotherapy and nurses′ working years were independent risk factors for iodinated contrast agent extravasation ( OR values were 0.306-6.365, all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve predicted by the nomogram model was 0.814 (95% CI 0.714-0.875), the specificity was 78.1%, the sensitivity was 70.2%, the slope of calibration curve was close to 1, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test χ2 = 11.47, P>0.05. Conclusions:The nomogram model established in this study can accurately predict the risk of iodinated contrast agent extravasation in tumor patients, and provide a reference for the detection of high-risk factors of extravasation before examination.