Cell autophagy is a lysosome dependent degradation pathway which is characterized by cytoplasm vacuoles.It is important to maintain cell internal environment.The abnormal autophagy is associated with oncogenesis closely.The tumor stem cells which rarely exist in tumor tissues have stem cell properties.They can induce tumor generation and also play an important role in the development,metastasis and recurrence of tumor.The regulation of autophagy in tumor stem cells is the research hotspot,which will provide a new theoretical foundation for the clinical treatment of tumors.

The molecular mechanism of autophagy is complicated and it always affects the occurrence and development of tumor in many different degrees,so it is the new hot spot in pathological study area.The angiogenesis includes physiological vascularization and pathological vascularization,and the pathological new vessels which provide nutrition for the continuous growth of tumors have a close relationship to the development and metastasis of tumor.The process of angiogenesis can be affected by regulating the autophagy of vascular endothelial cells,which provides a new method for tumor therapy.

BACKGROUND:It is very nscessary for the prevention and treatment of ostaoarthritis(OA)to understand the tensile mechanical properties of lateral collateral ligaments(LCLs)of knee joints with osteoarthritis,while reports on it are still few.OBJECTIVE:To compare the LCL tensile mechanical property indexes of knee joints between normal animals and OA medels established for this purpose,and to provide qualitative and quantitative referential data about effects of OA on the LCL tensile mechanical properties of animal knee joints.DESlGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled trial was finished at the Mechanical Expedmental Center of Jilin University from December 20th to 30th in 2008.MATERIALS:A total of 20 male SD rats of 6 months old were divided into a normal control group and a model group,with 10ones in each group.METHOOS:Rats in the model group were copied into OA models.after which test on tensile was performed to each of the ten rats in the two groups at the speed of 5mm/min on Universal Testing Machine,Shimadzu.Data obtained from the test were processed in polynomial though least square method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Tensile maximum load.maximum displacement,maximum stress,maximum strain and stress-strain curves.RESULTS:The tensile maximum load,maximum stress,maximum displacement and maximum strain in the normal control group and the model group were(12.754±2.795)N,(27.681±5.832)MPa,(2.754±0.707)mm,(11.679±2.373)%and (7.183±1.817)N,(16.162±3.403)MPa,(1.827±0.768)mm,(8.019±2.811)% respectively,from which we could see that each index in the normal control group was greater than that in the model group obviously (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The tensile maximum load,maximum stress,maximum displacement and maximum strain all decreased after OA,which indicates that osteoarthritis has certain effects on tensile mechanical properties of LCLs of knee joints as well as stress relaxation.

Objective To establish a quality standard for Aiweixin oral liquid. Methods TLC was applied to the identification of Caryophylli Flos and Crocin in Aiweixin oral liquid. Eugenol was analyzed by GC. Results TLC of Caryophylli Flos and Crocin had distinct separation of characteristic spots and there was no interference in negative comparison. The linear response ranges of Eugenol were between 0.052 17-2.086 8μg (r=0.999 9). The samples were steady within 24 h. The average recovery of eugenol was 95.7%, RSD=1.4% (n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and reliable, and can be used for the quality control of Aiweixin oral liquid.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects and underlying mechanisms of acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) on pain behavior in a rat model of post-incision pain.MethodsFifty-eight adult male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study,four rats were used for immunofluorescence test,thirty rats were employed for pain behavior test,and twenty-four rats were used for Western blot.Rats used for pain behavior test and Western blot were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group ( C group),incision pain model group ( I group) and amiloride group (A group).Plantar skin of rats in A group were infiltrated with 20 μl(200 μg)amiloride solution.Paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency(PWTL) of all rats in pain behavior test was tested at 24 h preoperative,2 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,24 h postoperative.Western blot was tested at 4 h postoperative.ResultsImmunofluorescence test displayed ASIC3 was expressed in plantar skin of all rats.The basal level of PWMT and PWTL of all rats in three groups was C group( (23.15 ± 5.10) g,( 11.32 ± 1.21 ) s),I group ( (23.26 ± 5.69) g,( 11.75 ± 2.01 ) s),A group ( (23.63 ± 4.96 ) g,( 11.47 ± 1.96) s) respectively,which was no significantly difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).PWMT and PWTL of I group and A group was significantly lower than that of C group at all time points postoperative (P ＜ 0.05) ; PWMT and PWTL of A group was at 2 h( ( 13.75 ±3.25)g,(9.96±1.32)s),4h((14.05±3.75)g,(9.17±2.11)s),8 h((9.75 ±2.74)g,(8.11 ±1.22)s)postoperative,which was significantly higher than that of I group (P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with that of C group,the level of pERK1/2 expression was significantly increased in I group at 4 h postoperative (P ＜ 0.05 ),which could be inhibited by amiloride local infiltration (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionASIC3 can mediate incision pain in a rat model of post-incision pain,through pERK1/2 signaling pathway,which can be inhibited by amiloride.

Objective:To observe the expression of BTLA on T cells during activation and further analyze its inhibitory effects on T cell activation in different phases.Methods: T cells from PBMC were enriched by negative selection using magnetic beads.Expression of BTLA,CTLA-4 and PD-1 on freshly isolated human T cells and kinetics expression of BTLA,CILA-4 and PD-1 on CD3 mAb stimulated T cells were examined by flow cytometry.T cells were stimulated by anti-CD3 mAb combined with anti-CD28 mAb in the presence of anti-BTLA mAb 8H9,then T cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay in the different culture time.Immature DCs were generated from monocytes cultured in the medium containing GM-CSF and IL-4, and further driven to maturation by anti-CD40 mAb.Expression of HVEM on DCs was measured by flow cytometry.T cells were co-cultured with DCs in the presence of soluble 8H9 or anti-HVEM antibody to block HVEM-BTLA interaction,T cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Results:Freshly isolated T cells exhibited high levels of BTLA expression, but not CTLA-4 and PD-1.After T cell activation, BTLA expression decreased on first 2 days, with rapidly increasing to high levels.Unlike BTLA, expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 was gradually increased during T cell activation.8H9 significantly inhibited the proliferation of T cell stimulated by CD3 mAb and CD28 mAb.8H9 could still exhibit inhibitory effect on T cell proliferation after 24 h or 48 h of preactivation by CD3 mAb plus CD28 mAb stimulation.HVEM was highly expressed on immature DCs, and down-regulated on mature DCs.Blockade of BTLA by soluble 8H9 or anti-HVEM antibody enhanced DC-mediated T cell proliferation within 48 h.Conclusion: BTLA signal enhances the threshold of T cell activation and plays importantly negative regulatory role in the initiation and early phase of T cell activation.

Objective　In order to find out influencing factors of corrosiveness of common chemical disinfectants used at present for medical instruments on varied metal material, and to offer scientific bases for working -out corresponding state standards. Methods　Liquid instruments disinfectants containing chlorine and glutaraldehyde compound disinfectant were chose to take an example to study their corrosiveness to varied sorts and type s of the metal. Sing le related factors were researched by contrast test study in the process of dete rmining metal corrosion rate (R value, mm*a-1) citing from GB10124-88 me thod. Results　Varied chemical disinfectants had different metal R valu e. R value was in fluenced by kinds of metal pieces, sorts of soaked vessel material, drying tempe rature, whether changing liquid disinfectants or not and water quality, while d ifferent capacity of balance measure had no effect on R value. Concl usi ons　R value was affected by kinds and types of metal pieces and other factors. These fac tors should be considered sufficiently while determining or comparing corrosiven ess of chemical disinfectants to soaked metal.

ObjectiveTo further understand the clinic manifestations of childhood primary Sjogren's Syndrome(pSS) and enhance early diagnosis. MethodsFive cases of pSS from Renji Hospital, Shanghai, were reported and their clinical features were analysoed. And literatures from Medline database and Weipu database were reviewed and discussed. Results①Childhood pSS had various clinic presentations that were non-specific and sicca symptoms were absent or occur late in most cases. ② The most common presentations were recurrent parotiditis and cutaneous manifestations with various locations and forms. ③ American-European Criteria for SS were not suitable for the diagnosis of childhood pSS. ConclusionRecurrent parotiditis and cutaneous manifestations in children can be used as clues for the diagnosis of childhood pSS but needs to be further confirmed by the positive results of salivary gland biopsy and autoantibodies examination, particularly SSA/SSB.

Objective To observe the different radiosensitivity induced by different doses of 137Csγ-ray irradiation between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Methods Seventy-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and irradiated groups (2, 4 and 6 Csγ-ray irradiation, n=18 for each group). Mice of control group received sham irradiation, and the rest accepted 2, 4 and 6 Gy137Csγtotal body irradiation, respectively. After 14-day, 35-day and 56-day irradiation, the peripheral blood samples were collected by balls enucleation. The number of bone marrow nuclear cells, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells were counted. Results The peripheral blood of irradiated mice showed significant changes in the number of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), platelets (PLT) and hemoglobin (HGB) in a dose-response relationship. Compared with the control group, the numbers of BMNCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) were significantly lower in irradiated group. At 35 d and 56 d after 6 Gy irradiation the numbers of BMNCs and HPCs were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in numbers of BMNCs and HPCs between irradiated groups (2 and 4 Gy) and control group. The number of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) was significantly lower in irradiated group than that in control group after 14-d and 56-d irradiation (P<0.05). Conclusion 137Csγ-ray irradiation has some damage in mouse hematopoietic system. The damage caused by radiation is persistent to hematopoietic stem cells.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of preoperative intranasal dexmedetomidine on sedation and preventing postoperative agitation in children inguinal hernia operation .Methods Forty children patients ,aged 1-s5 years old ,ASA Ⅰ ,were selected and equally randomized into 2 groups ,receiving intranasally dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg(group Dex) and the same volume of normal saline (group NS) at preoperative 30 min respectively .The sedation score ,emotion score when separating from their par‐ents ,mask inhalation induction resistance score were evaluated at 30 min after medication ,furthermore the agitation scores were ob‐served and recorded at postoperative 30 min ,1 ,2 h .Results The sedation score ,emotion score when separating from their parents and mask inhalation induction resistance score in the Dex group were superior to the NS group ,moreover the agitation score at each points were lower than those in the NS group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Preoperative intranasal dexmedetomidine can be safely used in children inguinal hernia operation ,has better sedative effect ,meanw hile reduces the postoperative agitation occurrence .