30%, older or senior recipient, diabetes mellitus, high level blood lipid, re transplantation, DGF, impaired liver function, perioperative infection etc. The follow up period was at least one year. The end points of observation included graft and recipient survival rates, acute rejection, and reversal rate after immunosuppressive drugs bolus, side affects of CsA and FK506 and infection rates in the tow groups. Results The one year patients/grafts survival rate in FK506 and CsA groups was 100% / 100% and 93.3% / 86.7% respectively, the incidence of acute rejection was 14.3% and 16.7% respectively, and reversal rate after immunosuppressive drugs bolus was 100% and 60% respectively. The side effects of FK506 were milder than those of CsA. Conclusion FK506 is the first choice for the renal transplantation recipients with high risk factors.

OBJECTIVE To search for the correlative factors among nurses with leukcopenia who occupationally contacted with chemotherapeutic agents,so as to increase their occupational protecting level.METHODS Totally 1232 nurses who occupationally contacted with chemotherapeutic agents from 24 hospitals were investigated by a stratified sampling method.The factors leading to leukopenia were surveyed and analyzed.RESULTS The leukopeuia was prominently correlated with five factors,namely nurses' protective knowledge,protective manipulation scoring,protective condition,exposure index and kinds of agents.CONCLUSIONS Low occupational protecting level can lead to leukopenia.A supporting system based on the occupational health and safety management must be established to insure the clinical nurses' health level.

Objective To discuss the health education modes in order to promote the effect of health education for TURP(transurethral resection of prostate)patients and their family members.Methods A total of 380 cases after TURP were divided into the observation group and the control group at random with 190 cases in each group.The discharge instruction for the patients and their family members in the observation group was in the form of health education prescription,while the discharge instruction for the control group was in the form of oral instruction.The awareness rate of disease-related knowledge and incidence of complication were compared between the two groups. Results The awareness rate of disease-related knowledge in the observation group was higher,and incidence of complications was lower than that of the control group.Conclusions The application of health education prescription in the discharge instruction for the patients after TURP can guarantee the effectiveness of health education,simultaneously decrease the incurrence of complications and improve the life quality of patients.

Objective To investigate the curative effects of fluvastatin and its anti-inflammation mechanism in early diabetic nephropathy (EDN).Methods 140 patients with EDN were randomly divided into two groups,the control group (n=70) and the treated group (n=70).The control group received conventional therapy,while the treated group was added oral 40 microgram of fluvastatin every night.Compare the UAER,Scr and CRP 3,6 and 9 months later respectively.Results UAER and Scr had been decreased more significantly and quickly(three months earlier) in treated group than in control group. CRP had been decreased significantly in treated group,while no significant decrease had been found in control group during the follow-up of nine months.Furthermore,similar results were also obtained in those EDN with normolipidemia when further analyzed.Conclusion Fluvastatin can ameliorate microalbuminuria and improve renal function by its anti-inflammation effect by decreasing CRP,which is independent of its lowering lipidemia effect.

Objective To study effects of temperature on learning and memory of Drosophila melanogaster.Methods Food was put in two centrifuge tubes.Drosophila can smell and eat food through pores in one centrifuge tube but Drosophila can only smell but not eat food through pores in another centrifuge tube with obstacle.After Drosophila were bred at different temperatures,the variation of the numbers of Drosophila in two tubes were observed.Results The number of Drosophila bred at high temperature entering the tube and eating the food was fewer than that at normal temperature and low temperature.Conclusion High temperature can decrease the learning and memory behavior of Drosophila.

BACKGROUND:Medical polyethylene glycol berberine is a biomaterial against tissue adhesion, with anti-inflammatory effects, which can prevent scar formation and reduce local inflammation. OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of medical polyethylene glycol berberinevia shoulder joint injections on subacromial impingement syndrome. METHODS:Forty patients with subacromial impingement syndrome I, II were voluntarily divided into two groups: biomaterial group (n=20), single intra-articular injection of 3 mL medical polyethylene glycol berberine; conservative treatment group (n=20), single subacromial space closed treatment of betamethasone combined with lidocaine hydrochloride folowed by oral administration of celecoxib 200 mg once, twice a day, totaly for 1 week. Patients were folowed up clinicaly for visual analog scale scores, range of motion of the shoulder and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both of two groups had a great improvement in visual analog scale scores, range of motion of the shoulder and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores after treatment (P< 0.05), and these scores were improved more significantly in the biomaterial group than the conservative treatment group at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months after treatment (P < 0.001). These findings indicate that the intra-articular injection of medical polyethylene glycol berberine for subacromial impingement syndrome can effectively aleviate shoulder pain, improve shoulder mobility, and promote functional recovery of the shoulder.

Aim To explore the effects and mechanism of ginsenoside-Rg1 on SK-N-SH cells treated with chronic morphine and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Methods Cells were pretreated with ginsenoside-Rg1 1,2,4,8,16,32 ?mol?L-1 for 24 h,then incubated for 24 h with morphine ( 100 ?mol?L-1 ) . MTT colorimetr was used to study the effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 on the multiplication of the cells treated with chro-nic morphine. After stimulated by the same concentra-tion of morphine,cells were added with different concentrations of Rg1 1,2,4 ?mol?L -1 for 24 h before stimulated with 10 ?mol?L -1 NAL. Fuorospectrophotometry RT-PCR and Western blot techniques were used to detect the effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 on the [Ca2+ ]i,CaMKⅡ ? mRNA and protein expression of the SK-N-SH cells treated with chronic morphine and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Results ① Compared with control group,morphine significantly inhibited cell multiplication and resulted in calcium overload,and the expression of CaMKⅡ-? mRNA and protein noticeably increased ( P

Objective: To develop a molecular screening test for genetic defects on hearing loss related genes has significant impacts on early identification of hereditary hearing loss and genetic susceptibility to aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Early identification of pre-lingual hearing loss is very important for patient's language development, academic achievement, and social skill. Two common mutations, the 235delC in GJB2 gene and the mutation A1555G in mitochondrial DNA, are included in the newly developed screening panel for Chinese population. Methods: A molecular genetic assay, based on fluorescent labeled multiplex PCR and automatic DNA fragment analyzing techniques, was developed to detect both mutations simultaneously. Results: This assay was able to detect both mutations from patient's samples, and pooled DNA tests, as well as suitable to detect mutation from the DNA extracted from dried blood spot and buccal swab. Conclusion: This assay could be a useful tool for newborn screening and carrier screening for the hereditary hearing loss for the Chinese population.

Objective　In order to find out influencing factors of corrosiveness of common chemical disinfectants used at present for medical instruments on varied metal material, and to offer scientific bases for working -out corresponding state standards. Methods　Liquid instruments disinfectants containing chlorine and glutaraldehyde compound disinfectant were chose to take an example to study their corrosiveness to varied sorts and type s of the metal. Sing le related factors were researched by contrast test study in the process of dete rmining metal corrosion rate (R value, mm*a-1) citing from GB10124-88 me thod. Results　Varied chemical disinfectants had different metal R valu e. R value was in fluenced by kinds of metal pieces, sorts of soaked vessel material, drying tempe rature, whether changing liquid disinfectants or not and water quality, while d ifferent capacity of balance measure had no effect on R value. Concl usi ons　R value was affected by kinds and types of metal pieces and other factors. These fac tors should be considered sufficiently while determining or comparing corrosiven ess of chemical disinfectants to soaked metal.

Specimens of skin, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, brain, peripheral nerve and catilage were taken from 6 cadavers (divided into 2 groups) perfused and embalmed with formalin. 90 pieces of the above-mentioned tissues were taken in different times and the paraffin sections were stained by routine HE. Electron microscopic observation was made from some skin and skeletal muscle specimens, and histochemical methods were used to demonstrate DNA, RNA, keratin(-SH, -SS), fatty acids and calcium in some skin materials. Loyez stain method for myelin sheath was applied to some brain and nerve sections.1. Skin tissue: In both group A and B, 83.3% and 78.9% of skin materials were appraised as grade I and II (excellent and good) respectively. The morphological changes appeared mainly as karyopyknosis of the epidermal cells and shrinkage of the secretory part of the sweat glands. Most of the skin tissues of the corpses perfused 3～4 hrs after death were well preserved, only 8.3% being in grade Ⅲ (moderate). On the other hand, 43% of skin materials taken from those perfused 30 hrs after death were in grade Ⅲ. Ultrastructurally, the shape of the epidermal cells and their adhensions still remained intact, but karyopyknosis or chromolysis and autolysis of most of the cytoplasmic membraneous structures were found. In those cadavers preserved for less than one year, there was no evidence of progressive changes in microscopic and submicroscopic structures of the skin. The tonofillaments and desmosomes were still kept well in those specimens preserved for many years, and their presence may be the cause of maintaining cell integrity. Histochemically, mercapto-reaction of keratin was kept stable and found to be well shown even in old samples of skin, but the disulfide reaction usually showed marked fading with time, probably due to exofolition of the stratum corneum. However, this reaction was well shown in the hairs and not weakened for many years.2. Fat tissue: Hydrolysis of lipid substances of subcutancous fat and sebaceous gland, as shown by the presence of fatty acid, was found in the corpses preserved even as short as half a year.3. Skeletal muscle: The preservation state of the skeletal muscle was also dependent on the complete perfusion in time. The structure of the muscle fibers was generally worse preserved than that of the skin as shown in severe myolysis. Since stagnation of the small blood vessels frequently accompanied myolysis, obstruction of microcirculation which prevented the permeation of fomalin into the muscle tissues may be the cause of rapid myolysis. The ultrastructural changes of the muscle fibers were the same as those of the epidermal cells. In all specimens even as old as 30 years, two types of myofillaments were well preserved, and bands could be seen distinctly.4. Nervous tissue: The brain tissues were well preserved in those corpses that were perfused shortly after death, but the peripheral nerves usually showed severe autolysis, obviously it is due to the same reasons as those for myolysis.5. Cartilage: The structural changes of cartilage after death were slow and all specimens of cartilage were well preserved.