Objective To explore the suitable chemotherapy measures in different Clonorchis sinensis infectiosity endemic ar-eas. Methods The interventional groups and control groups were set up in the heavy,moderate and light C. sinensis infectiosity areas in Guangdong Province,respectively. In the intervention groups,the chemotherapy was administered among all the residents aged above 3 years in the heavy endemic areas,the chemotherapy was given among the focus populations in the moderate endemic areas,and the chemotherapy was administered among the residents infected with C. sinensis confirmed by stool examinations in the light endemic areas. No measures were carried out in the control groups. Results One year after the interventions,the C. sinensis infection rates of the interventional groups decreased by 47.90%,86.52%and 100%,the abnormal rates of liver B ultrasonic ex-aminations decreased by 26.50%,31.00%and 100%,the ALT abnormal rates decreased by 48.70%,62.30%and 100%,and the AST abnormal rates decreased by 55.50%,39.90% and 100% in the heavy,moderate and light endemic areas,respectively. There was no decreasing trend of above-mentioned indexes in the control groups. Conclusion In the different C. sinensis infectios-ity endemic areas,the different chemotherapy measures should be carried out.

ObjectiveTo explore the bone anabolic effects after a single local injection of simvastatin into femoral cavities of osteoporotic rats.MethodsThirty-six female SD rats(3 months old,body weight 250-300 g) were ovariectomized(OVX) and low-calcium-diet fed for 3 months,OVX rats were randomized into 3 groups(n=12).Left femurs of group A,B and C were injected with 0,5 and 10 mg simvastatin,respectively.Half of the rats in each group were randomly euthanized separately 1 and 5 months after simvastatin injection.Left femurs were taken out for bone mineral density (BMD) assessment with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,bone histomorphometic changes were analysized by Micro-CT,and two kinds of biomechanical tests were used to evaluate the osteogenic effects.ResultsOne and five months after injection,BMD in mid-diaphysis significantly increased in simvastatin-injected groups compared to the control group.For Micro-CT analysis,significant increase in total bone volume/total tissue volume,cortical wall thickness,trabecular thickness,trabecular number,and a significant decrease in trabecular spacing were observed in simvastatin-injected groups compared to the control group.For both biomechanics (the three-pointbreaking test of condyles and axial compressive testing of proximal femur),the values were significantly higher in simvastatin-injected groups than the control group.ConclusionLocal simvastatin treatment showed a positive effect on improving mechanical strength,structure of osteopenic femurs and BMD.Our findings may provide a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis,especially for osteoporotic fractures.

Objective To investigate the correlations of levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH) D], human β-defencin-2 (HBD-2) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) in peripheral blood with disease severity of acne patients. Methods A total of 128 patients with acne vulgaris were included in the acne group and 128 healthy subjects were included in the control group. The levels of 25(OH) D, HBD-2 and IGF-1 in peripheral blood of two groups were detected. The relationships between the levels of 25(OH) D, HBD-2, IGF-1 in peripheral blood and the disease severity of acne patients were analyzed. The relationships between 25(OH) D, HBD-2 and IGF-1 levels in peripheral blood of acne patients were analyzed. The diagnostic value of 25(OH) D, HBD-2 and IGF-1 levels in severe acne was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results The level of 25(OH) D in peripheral blood of the acne group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the level of IGF-1 was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in HBD-2 levels between the two groups (P>0.05). In the acne group, with the aggravation of disease severity, the level of 25(OH) D in peripheral blood was significantly decreased, and the level of IGF-1 was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The level of 25(OH) D in peripheral blood of acne patients was negatively correlated with the level of IGF-1 and the severity of the disease (r=-0.509, -0.586, P < 0.05), and the level of IGF-1 was positively correlated with the severity of the disease (r=0.547, P < 0.05). HBD-2 level was not correlated with 25(OH) D, IGF-1 level and disease severity (P>0.05). The sensitivity of peripheral blood 25(OH) D level and IGF-1 level in evaluating severity acne was 94.12%, 61.26%, respectively, and the specificity was 70.59%, 77.48%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of combined evaluation of severe acne were 90.91% and 71.43%, respectively. Conclusion The level of 25(OH) D is decreased and the level of IGF-1 is increased in patients with acne, which is related to the severity of the disease. The combination of 25(OH) D and IGF-1 levels has a better efficacy in evaluating severity acne.

The proliferation of tumor cells is regulated by a complex array of signaling pathways, among these signaling pathways,the programmed cell death. Autophagy and apoptosis are two types of programmed death. There are significant differences in their morphological and functional features, but they also have many links. Both apoptosis and autophagy are involved in activation,expression and regulation of a series of genes. By reviewing the research progress in recent years, this article will discuss the cellular regulation and molecular mechanisms of their related genes. Through summarizing the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis,it aims to get a better understanding of the mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis in tumor progression,and looking at the perspectives for studies on the autophagy and apoptosis in tumor treatment.

The level of minimal residual disease (MRD) is closely associated with prognosis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Currently, 3 kinds of ALL-MRD detection methods commonly used at home and abroad include immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor (IGH/TCR) gene rearrangement assessment, flow cytometry (FCM) and leukemia-associated fusion gene detection. IGH/TCR gene rearrangement assessment methods include real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS). RT-qPCR mainly detects the variable region of IGH/TCR rearrangement genes; it is about one log more sensitive than FCM, but microclones may be easily ignored leading to false negative results. NGS also detects the variable region of IGH/TCR rearrangement genes. The sensitivity of NGS-based MRD assays is higher than that of FCM and RT-qPCR, and its sensitivity is up to 10 -6, while small subclones causing recurrence can be tracked. The sensitivity of MRD was 10 -4 detected by using FCM, while FCM with ≥8-color can achieve 10 -6. However, such high level of sensitivity requires (2-5)×10 7 nucleated cells, which is rarely obtainable from remission marrows. FCM also requires substantial expertise on inspectors, and results may be easily affected by clonal evolution or phenotype shift. RT-qPCR can be used to detect fusion genes such as BCR-ABL, with a sensitivity of up to about 10 -5, but only few ALL patients carry specific gene fusions change that can be used as the monitoring of MRD. For Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL patients, RT-qPCR is recommended to detect the level of MRD. For Philadelphia chromosome-negative ALL and T-cell ALL patients, FCM, RT-qPCR and NGS methods are all applicable.

Objective To analyze the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in the serum of patients with pituitary adenomas and compare them according to different standards,investigating the expression of IGF-1 in pituitary adenoma and its clinical significance.Methods A total of 156 cases of pituitary adenomas admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical Univer-sity from January 2019 to June 2021 were selected as the experimental group,and a total of 22healthy subjects during the same period were selected as the control group.To determinate the IGF-1 level by magnetic particle chemical luminescence immunoassay.The tumor di-ameter was obtained by combining the diameter measured on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)with the diameter of postoperative tumor pathological specimen.The experimental group were divided into groups according to different clinical characteristics,and to compare the differences in IGF-1 levels between each subgroup and the control group.Results The levels of IGF-1 in patients with somatotroph adenoma,dual hormone and multihormone adenoma were higher than those in the control group and other types,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);the level of IGF-1 in giant adenoma patients was higher than those in the control group and other types,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);the level of IGF-1 in patients with invasive pituitary adenoma was higher than that in non-invasive patients and controls,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05);Logistic regression a-nalysis showed that IGF-1 level and tumor diameter were risk factors for invasiveness of pituitary adenomas,the higher the IGF-1 level and the larger the tumor diameter,the higher the invasiveness risk;the level of IGF-1 in patients with pituitary adenoma within one month after surgery was significantly lower than that before surgery,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclu-sion IGF-1 has a certain value in the diagnosis of different functional types of pituitary adenomas and the early invasiveness judgment of pituitary adenomas,and is expected to be used as a reliable indicator for postoperative follow-up.

Objective To discuss the clinical features,differential diagnosis and complication treatment of a patient with genetic visceral myopathy.Methods Medical history,physical examination and laboratory results of the patient were collected in detail.The pathology of previous surgery was reviewed.The patient's peripheral blood DNA was extracted and submitted for whole-exome sequencing.Subsequent Sanger sequencing was used to complete the pedigree verification of the mutation site.Results The patient was a young female presented with repeated in-complete intestinal obstruction since early childhood.She used to be misdiagnosed as Hirschsprung's disease for a long period and underwent multiple gastrointestinal segment resections.Her intestinal obstruction symptoms were temporarily relieved by surgeries,but severe diarrhea,mucus and bloody stools and malnutrition gradually occurred after the last operation.The patient had bacterial overgrowth in small intestinal tract and followed by intestinal op-portunistic infections secondary to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.The symptoms improved after anti-infection and enteral element diet treatment.Further pathological consultation and whole-exome gene sequencing confirmed the diagnosis of visceral myopathy related to ATCG2 R148L mutation.Conclusions Patients with early onset of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction and have poor response to conventional treatment are recommended to perform genetic test.The patients with hereditary visceral myopathy are susceptible to opportunistic intestinal infection.At-tentions should also be paid to the prevention and treatment of complications to avoid unnecessary surgery.

Refractory acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), which is characterized by a low sensitivity to conventional induction therapy and poor prognosis, poses significant challenges during treatment. This study reported a case of refractory T-ALL patient with mutations in the JAK1, JAK3, and STAT5B genes from Nanjing University’s Gulou Hospital. Following an unsuccessful course of standard VDLP regimen chemotherapy, the treatment was modified to include ruxolitinib in combination with venetoclax and azacitidine. Subsequent to this therapy, the patient achieved bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity. Notably, pleural effusion and mediastinal mass significantly improved the post-chest cavity infusion of dexamethasone combined with etoposide at the same stage. The patient also underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation upon achieving bone marrow remission and was followed up until January 2024. Ruxolitinib combined with venetoclax and azacytidine has shown promising efficacy and safety in treating refractory T-ALL harboring the JAK1, JAK3, and STAT5B mutations, providing a novel therapeutic approach for such patients.

Objective:To establish ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) characteristic chromatogram of Pulsatilla chinensis; To provide reference for the origin identification and quality control of Pulsatilla chinensis. Methods:UPLC Method was adopted. The determination was performed on a column of Agilent SB C18 (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) . The mobile phase was acetonitrile-methanol (2:1) -0.1% phosphoric acid solution by fradient elution at a flow rate of 0.30ml/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The detection wavelength was 215 nm. The injection volume was 2 μl. The common counterfeit products and medicinal herbs of Pulsatilla chinensis from different areas were evaluated by comparison of characteristic chromatogram, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Results:There were 9 characteristic peaks in the characteristic chromatogram of Pulsatilla chinensis, and 8 common peaks were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry and comparison of reference materials. Through PCA analysis, it was possible to clearly distinguish the medicinal herbs of Pulsatilla chinensis from different areas. Combined with OPLS-DA analysis, it was found that peak 2, peak 3, peak 6 were the main markers of Pulsatilla chinensis from different producing areas. Conclusion:The established method has good specificity, repeatability and durability, and it can effectively distinguish the common counterfeits of Pulsatilla chinensis, and provide the basis of quality control and selection of origin for Pulsatilla chinensis.

Objective:To establish the ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprints of Mume flos at different flowering stages; To provide reference for the quality research of Mume flos.Methods:The fingerprints of Mume flos were established by UPLC method, and the common peaks were identified by high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Chemometrics analysis was carried out with the fingerprints' common peak area of plum blossom at different flowering stages as a variable. Semiquantitative analysis of changes in flavonoids and phenolic acids in Mume flos at different flowering stages was conduct using peak area calculation method.Results:Totally 31 common peaks were identified in the fingerprints of plum blossom medicinal materials at different flowering stages and 9 components were identified. Clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) both classified plum blossom medicinal herbs at different flowering stages into three categories. Among them, there were significant differences between the groups at the bud stage, blooming period, and final flowering period, while the differences between the groups at blooming period and final flowering period were relatively small. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) screened 16 different components with VIP>1.0. The contents of phenolic acids in different flowering stages were as follows: bud stage>blooming period>final flowering period, while the contents of flavonoids were as follows: blooming period>final flowering period>bud stage.Conclusions:This method is simple and reliable, and can provide reference for the quality evaluation of plum blossom medicinal materials at different flowering stages.