The main nutrient compositions of dry Porphyra haitanensis cultivated in Lianjiang,Fujian Province were analyzed: the total amino acids content was 35.48%. The scores of amino acids were 71 for Ile and 80 for Leu. Crude fatty acids was as low as 0. 5%,in which EPA took 24.8%. Minerals in Porphyra haitanensis were abundant. The content of Ca、Fe、 Zn、Mg were 3. 63、0. 56、0. 095 and 3. 29mg?g～-1. The results indicated that Porphyra haitanensis is a kind of health food with high nutrition.

Object To study the amount and properties of glycopeptide of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss ex Fr ) Kaist. cultivated with grass (GLPG) and wood log (GLPW) ; to investigate the feasibility of substitution of grass for wood log to cultivate G lucidum Methods Glycopeptides were extracted and isolated from the fruit body of G lucidum followed by dialysis; the monosaccharid constituent and relative molecular weight of polysaccharides were examined by GC and gel filtration; structure of glycopeptide was determined by IR, 1H NMR and 13 C NMR Results Relative molecular weights of GLPW and GLPG glycopeptides were (Mw) 5 13?10 5 and 5 85?10 5, (M?) 6 21?10 5 and 6 96?10 5, respectively; the glucosidic bonds of both glycopeptides were ? type; both glycopeptides consist 16 amino acids and Rha, Xyl, Fru, Gal and Glc (there was trace amount of Man in GLPW) Conclusion There are less physical and chemical difference between GLPG and GLPW The purification rate of GLPG is 2 8 times to GLPW

Objective To determine the complete nucleotide sequence of a genotype D hepatitis B virus (HBV) strain from a Uighur patient with chronic hepatitis B in Xinjiang.Methods The complete nucleotide sequence of a HBV strain obtained from a Uighur patient with chronic hepatitis B was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned for sequencing.The bioinformatics analysis was done using BioEdit and National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (NCBI-BLAST).Results The complete nucleotide sequence of Xinjiang HBV strain was 3174 bp.The nucleotide homology was 92%-98% between the Xinjiang strain and the published genotype D HBV strains and 91% compared to the published genotype D/C combination HBV strains from China (AY862865).There was a 9 bp deletion from nucleotide 1760 to nucleotide 1768 (ATTAAAGGT).This Xinjiang HBV strain belonged to ayw2 subtype and D genotype without any recombination with other genotypes.In the term of evolutionary relation,the complete nucleotide sequence of this Xinjiang HBV strain was closest to those of two Turkey HBV strains (AY796032 and AY721605) among 34 genotype D strains published in GenBank.Conclusions The complete nucleotide sequence of a genotype D HBV strain from a Uighur chronic hepatitis B patient in Xinjiang is determined.The sequence shows some unique characteristics.

Objective: 1.To analyze the nutritional composition and evaluation of the nutritional value of Mortierella isabelina powder. 2.To investigate the effects of Mortierella isabelina powder on prevention and regulation of hyperlipidemia in rats. Methods: 1. Mycelium powder was analyzed for proteins, lipids polysaccharides, fibre, ash, vitamin E, amino acids, fatty acids and minerals. 2. Mycelium powder was used to feed rats in different dosages together with high lipid diet for 10 days. 3. Mycelium powder was used to feed hyperlipidemic rats in different dosages for 30 days. Results: (1) There were about 20% of proteins and more than 50% of lipids in the mycelium. Further examination found that the mycelium contained rich essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids. The mycelium also contained vitamin E and useful minerals such as K, Ca, P, Fe, Zn and Mn. (2) 0.6 or 1.2 g/(kg?d) dosage of mycelium powder could prevent the rise of serum lipids. (3) When the mycelium powder was used to feed hyperlipidemic rats, the serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL C and VLDL C of the rats could be reduced, meanwhile HDL C could be increased. Conclusion: The results indicated that Mortierella isabelina powder has potential nutritional value and can be used to regulate the blood lipids in hyperlipidemic rats.

Objective To study biological characteristics of R5 tropic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 strains in different disease stage. Methods Primary clinical viruses were isolated from fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using co-culture methods; meanwhile, viral co receptor usage and infectivity were tested using flow cytometry on GHOST (3) cell lines,which expressed CD4 receptor and CC ehemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) or CXCR4 eoreceptor; to identified CCR5 tropic viruses(R5 tropic strains). Viral replication kinetics was detected in PBMCs. Plasma viral load was measured using an HIV-1 nucleotide fluorescence quantification assay kit. Results There were 22 individuals with HIV-1 subtype B' infection, in which 11 were CD4>0. 2 × 109/L and 11 were CD4≤0. 2 × 109/L. All isolated viruses used CCR5 coreceptor and therefore were HIV-1 R5 tropic strains. The infectivity of R5 tropic strains isolated from patients with CD4≤0.2 × 109/L was (7.392 7 ± 4. 584 2) % ; while the infectivity of R5 tropic strain from patients with CD4>0. 2 × 109/L was (2. 613 6 ± 1. 610 5)%. There were significant statistical difference(t= 3. 262, P<0.05). The possibility of viral replication became strong after the day 7 post-infection. There was a significant difference of viral replication between two groups in the day 7,10, 15 post-infection(t value was 3. 771, 2. 509 and 2. 260 respectively, P<0. 05). The possibility of viral replication was higher in CD4≤0.2 ×109/L group than that of CD4>0.2 × 109/L group. The logarithm of viral load was (5. 606 8 ± 0. 815 1 ) copies/mL in CD4≤0.2 × 109/L group and (4. 729 8 ± 0. 431 6) copies/mL in CD4> 0.2 × 109/L group. There was a significant difference between two groups(t = 3. 771 ; P<0.05). Conclusion Viral infection and replication are enhanced during progression of disease, even if viral coreceptor usage do not switch from CCR5 to CXCR4.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and related risk factors.Methods A total of 65 patients with liver cirrhosis complicated by PVT who were diagnosed and treated from June 2013 to June 2015 were enrolled as PVT group,and 70 cirrhotic patients without PVT were enrolled as controls (non-PVT group).The data collected included general information,results of laboratory examination,imaging findings,clinical manifestations,and complications.The clinical features were compared between the two groups,and related risk factors were screened out.Results There were no significant differences between the PVT group and non-PVT group in age,sex,nation,etiology,white blood cell count,platelet count,international normalized ratio,activated partial thromboplastin time,fibrinogen,serum creatinine,total bilirubin,and the diameter of the splenic vein (allP ＞ 0.05),while between these two groups,there were significant differences in D-dimer (1.87±1.45 mg/ml vs 0.55±0.58mg/ml,P ＜ 0.05),fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) level (18.57±19.46 μg/ml vs 5.45±6.00 μg/ml,P ＜ 0.05),hemoglobin (99.32±26.73 g/L vs 112.64±25.03 g/L,P ＜ 0.05),albumin (28.51±5.19 g/L vs 33.07±7.94 g/L,P ＜0.05),the diameter of the portal vein (12.53±2.70 mm vs 11.17±1.79 mm,P ＜ 0.05),spleen thickness (5.12±0.95cm vs 4.56±0.83 cm,P ＜ 0.05),spleen length (15.35±3.21 cm vs 13.86±2.82 cm,P ＜ 0.05),and Child-Pugh score (7.66±2.06 vs 6.93±1.87,P ＜ 0.05).The two groups showed no significant differences in diarrhea,ileus,hepatorenal syndrome,and hepatic encephalopathy (P ＞ 0.05),but showed significant differences in abdominal pain (18 vs 7 cases,P ＜ 0.05),fever (17 vs 4 cases,P ＜ 0.05),esophageal variceal bleeding (22 vs 9 cases,P ＜0.05),and spontaneous peritonitis (24 vs 12 cases,P ＜ 0.05).D-dimer (OR =4.290,P ＜ 0.000) and mean platelet volume (OR =1.294,P =0.023) were independent risk factors for PVT in patients with liver cirrhosis.Conclusion Cirrhotic patients with a high degree of liver cirrhosis,high levels of D-dimer and FDP and a large diameter of the portal vein tend to have a high incidence rate of PVT.PVT can aggravate the clinical symptoms and significantly increase complications in patients with liver cirrhosis.An increased D-dimer level and a greater width of the main portal vein are independent risk factors for PVT in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of total marrow and lymphatic irradiation (TMLI)with helical tomotherapy as a conditioning regimen before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods Seven children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and aplastic anemia were recruited as study subjects.The median age was 7 years old.The prescribed dose was 12 Gy/6 fractions twice daily.The exposure dose of the target and the organs at risk between helical helical tomotherapy-based TMLI regimen and total body irradiation (TBI) regimen were statistically compared,and acute toxicity grading was performed for all patients.Results Compared with the TBI regimen,the average exposure dose reduction for organs at risk after the TMLI regimen was ranged from 4.2％ to 40.6％.The average exposure dose reduction for the kidney was the largest among all organs.The acute toxicities experienced by all patients were graded and recorded including 2 cases of nausea,5 cases of vomiting,1 case of anorexia,1 case of eryhema,3 cases of diarrhea,and 1 case of oral mucositis.Only grade 1-2 toxicities were observed,and no grade 3-4 toxicities occurred.Conclusions The findings in this study confirm the feasibility of helical helical tomotherapy-based TMLI regimen.Compared with the TBI regimen,the mean duration of treatment for the TMLI regimen with an equivalent dose is not increased.The exposure dose experienced by organs at risk is reduced and the predicted incidence rate is decreased when the TMLI regimen is employed,which provides a myeloablative pretreatment strategy.However,the long-term toxicity of TMLI regime remains to be evaluated by clinical trials.

Based on previous bioinformational analysis results, two Aspergillus niger lipase (ANL) mutants, ANL-Ser84Gly and ANL-Asp99Pro were constructed to screen ANL mutants with oil-water interface independence. ANL-Ser84Gly still displayed a pronounced interfacial activation, while ANL-Asp99Pro displayed no interfacial activation. The specific activity of ANL-Ser84Gly towards p-nitrophenyl palmitate (-myristate, -laurate and -decanoate) decreased by 29.8% (53.1, 60.1 and 77.1, respectively) than that of ANL, while the specific activity of ANL-Asp99Pro towards p-nitrophenyl palmitate increased by 2.2-fold. The mutation in the hinge region at both sides of the lid domain also destabilized various secondary structure factors of ANL-S84G and ANL-D99P, which resulted in a substantial decrease in thermostability. The achievement to construct oil-water interface-independent ANL mutants would help to further understand lipase interfacial activation mechanism.
Aspergillus niger ; enzymology ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Enzyme Stability ; Fungal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lipase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins ; genetics ; Oils ; Substrate Specificity ; Water

Objective:To analyze epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal clustering of hepatitis A in China from 2005 to 2023.Methods:The incidence data of hepatitis A in China during 2005-2023 were collected from the China Disease Control and Prevention Information System .Results:From 2005 to 2023, a total of 605 509 cases of hepatitis A were reported in China. The average annual reported incidence rate was 2.32/100 000, the incidence was 2.85/100 000 in men and 1.81/100 000 in women, and the incidence was 3.25/100 000 in age group 0-14 years, 2.10/100 000 in age group 15-64 years and 2.49/100 000 in age group ≥65 years , respectively. The case count in farmers was highest (40.57%, 245 639/605 509). The proportion of the cases in jobless or the unemployed increased most obviously (347.32%), and the proportion of the cases in students decreased most significantly (90.27%). The average annual reported incidence rate in the western China was highest (4.45/100 000), followed by that in northeastern China (2.02/100 000), central China (1.89/100 000) and eastern China (1.16/100 000). From 2020 to 2023, the incidence of hepatitis A showed no spatial clustering. From 2005 to 2019, the obvious hot spots and high-high clustering areas mainly distributed in provinces, such as, Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Xizang and Gansu. The low-low clustering areas were mainly distributed in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jilin and Liaoning. An independent high-low clustering was found in Shanxi during 2014-2019. A total of 5 high incidence clustering areas were detected through spatiotemporal scanning analysis.Conclusions:The incidence rate of hepatitis A in China declined significantly from 2005 to 2023. The reported incidence rate in the elderly showed no obvious decrease, and the reported cases accounted for the highest proportion in the whole population. Before 2020, the reported incidence rate of hepatitis A showed high-high clustering in western China, the spatiotemporal clustering disappeared from 2020 to 2023, but the reported incidence rate of hepatitis A in western China was still high. It is suggested to pay attention to the prevention and control of hepatitis A in populations at high risk and areas with high incidence of hepatitis A.

Objective:To investigate the preference for Front-of-Pack Labeling (FOP) and its association with the understanding of the Nutrition Facts Panel among Chinese residents.Methods:A multi-stage sampling strategy was adopted to select 3 002 people aged between 18 and 70 years old from the eastern region of China (Beijing, Jiangsu Province, Guangdong Province), the northeast region (Heilongjiang Province), the central region (Henan Province) and the western region (Sichuan Province) from July 2020 to March 2021. Socio-demographic characteristics of participants and their understanding of the Nutrition Facts Panel and preference for FOP were collected. The χ2 test was conducted to compare the preference for FOP in different groups of population, and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the preference for FOP and the understanding of the Nutrition Facts Panel. Results:The mean age of 3 002 participants was (42.3±13.4) years, of which 1 914 (63.8%) were females and 69.3% could not understand the Nutrition Facts Panel. About 2 458 respondents (81.9%) suggested that FOP could be promoted. The top three nutrients that should be labeled were sugar (68.4%), salt (68.2%) and total fat (62.4%). The number of participants who believed that the Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL) could be easier to help consumers to quickly choose healthy food, attract attention and provide the most needed information was 1 064 (35.4%), 1 026 (34.2%) and 1 140 (38.0%), respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, compared with the Guideline Daily Amount (GDA) system, participants who could not understand the Nutrition Facts Panel preferred (1) Nutri-Score, Warning labels, and Health logos: Smart Choice in terms of"Which format of FOP could quickly help you choose food more easily?"[ OR (95% CI): 2.21 (1.62-3.02), 1.64 (1.22-2.22), 1.79 (1.31-2.45), respectively]; (2) Nutri-Score, Warning labels, and Health logos: Smart Choice in terms of"Which format of FOP could attract your attention the most?"[ OR (95% CI): 2.62 (1.92-3.59), 1.96 (1.45-2.66), 2.25 (1.66-3.04), respectively]; and (3) Nutri-Score, Warning labels, and Health logos: Smart Choice in terms of"Which format of FOP could provide you with the most needed information?"[ OR (95% CI): 2.33 (1.70-3.21), 2.21 (1.66-2.95), 2.01 (1.50-2.71), respectively]. Conclusion:The residents from six provinces in China have a supportive attitude towards FOP. The interpretive FOP with color information, specific nutrient information and summary indicator can be launched. The nutrition information of sugar, salt and total fat could be prioritized to be labeled on the FOP.