Objective:To develop a luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay for pregnancy associated plasm a protein A.Methods:The monoclonal antibody of PAPP-A was labeled with biotin ,the polyclonal antibody of PAPP-A was coated on receptor particles.The LOCI reagents also contained sensitizer particles coated with streptavidin.The optimal test conditions and analytical per-formance of the method were studied.Results:The within-run and the between-run coefficients of variation were 5.91%-7.94% and 6.14%-9.69%,respectively;the analytical sensitivity was 2.8 mU/L and the function sensitivity was 4.6 mU/L,good linear in 2.8 mU/L-8 000 mU/L range;the recovery rate was 96.7%-100.3%.The interference rate of hemolysis , icterus and triglycerides were less than 10%; there is no Hook effect of PAPP-A concentrations up to 8 000 mU/L;the correlation coefficient between clinical samples detection results and Time resolved fluoroimmunoassay analysis results was 0.974.Conclusion:This LOCI can be used for the quantitative of serum PAPP-A,and detection performance in line with the requirements of clinical diagnostic reagents .

Objective To explore changes of serum levels of liver function indicators and their reference intervals in pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy ,and to analyse its clinical significance .Methods From July 2013 to June 2014 ,a total of 4 659 cases of pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy and 3 089 healthy non‐pregnant women were enrolled in this stud‐y .Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) ,aspartatre transaminase(AST) ,total protein(TP) ,albumin(Alb) ,pre‐albumin (PA) ,total bilrubin(TBIL) ,direct bilrubin(DBIL) ,indirect bilrubin(IBIL) ,γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)and mitochondrial as‐partate aminotransferase(m‐AST) were determined by fully automatic biochemical analyzer .Results Compared with healthy non‐pregnant women ,serum levels of ALT ,AST ,TP ,Alb ,PA ,TBIL ,DBIL ,IBIL and GGT were significantly decreased ,while serum le‐vers of ALP ,m‐AST and TBA were significantly increased in pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy ,there were statis‐tically significant differences(P<0 .05) .Conclusion This study suggested that the liver functions of pregnant women were signifi‐cantly different from healthy non‐pregnant women .Each clinical laboratory should establish reference intervals of liver function indi‐cators for pregnant women at each stage of pregnancy ,so as to timely ,correctly and reasonably evaluate their liver functions and material nutrition status ,and provide better antenatal care services .

BACKGROUND:Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show strong antibacterial effect and are not easy to have drug resistance. But the antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs have not been wel developed.
OBJECTIVE:To explain the antibacterial mechanisms of AgNPs.
METHODS:We investigated the influence of Ti, TiO2 and TiO2 containing AgNPs onEscherichia coliand Staphylococcus aureus by bacterial inhibition ring test. Escherichia coli was cultured in LB liquid medium with 0, 5, 10 mg/L AgNPs. We measured the absorbance value of bacterial culture. DNA gel electrophoresis was used to study the effect of AgNPs onEscherichia coliDNA. Then we researched the character of apoptosis on Escherichia coli by Annexin V and PI staining, using flow cytometry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The inhibiting effect of Ti and TiO2 onEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus was not obvious. But the inhibition rings of TiO2 containing AgNPs to bacteria appeared. The absorbance value of Escherichia coliculture was reduced whenEscherichia coliwas co-cultured with AgNPs. And this decrease tendency was in direct proportion with AgNPs concentration. AgNPs reduced the amount of DNA of Escherichia coli and this tendency was directly proportional with AgNPs concentration. TheEscherichia coli apoptosis rate induced by AgNPs was increased and this tendency was positively correlated to the AgNPs concentration. These results indicate that AgNPs can induce bacterial apoptosis to influence the growth of bacteria.

Objective:Our aim was to study the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and pulmonary perfusion imaging in determining of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Methods: We measured ANP levels by using radioimmunoassay after making various types of PAH in rabbits. Catheterization and pulmonary perfusion tomographic imaging were used in the control group. Results: When the pulmonary artery pressure increased slightly, the ANP levels were lower in PAH group than that of control group, but the difference was not significant (t=1, P>0.05). At the same time, pressure measured by catheterization did not change as the control group, but the ratio of back/abdomen radiopharmaceuticals distribution which was measured with pulmonary perfusion tomographic imaging was significantly higher in PAH group than that of the control (t=2.5, P<0.05). The difference between the ANP levels when the pulmonary artery pressure increased medially and seriously was significant (t＝4.0 and 6.5, P＜0.05). The other two methods got the same result (P＜0.05). Results of three examining methods were positively related. Conclusion:The ANP levels can determine the degree of PAH, and it was simple. But it was not as sensitive as that of pulmonary perfusion tomographic imaging.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for recurrence of node-negative advanced gastric cancer(N0-AGC) after radical resection.Methods Data of 270 N0-AGC cases after curative intent resection were collected from 2001 to 2008 in Tianjin Cancer Hospital.There were 45 cases with postoperative recurrence.Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to investigate risk factors for postoperative recurrence.Results The recurrence time was 2-68 months,the survival time was 5-87 months.Univariate analysis showed that tumor size,depth of tumor invasion,number of negative lymph nodes were associated with recurrence of N0-AGC.Multivariate analysis identified tumor size,depth of tumor invasion,number of negative lymph nodes as independent recurrence factors for entire cohort,depth of tumor invasion,number of negative lymph nodes were risk factors for locoregional recurrence.Tumor size,adjuvant chemotherapy for hematogenous metastasis.Conclusions For T4 stage,tumor diameter ＞4 cm advanced node-negative gastric cancer patients,extended lymphadenectomy was recommended to decrease locoregional recurrence,and adjuvant chemotherapy to reduce hematogenous spread.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for group 14v lymph node metastasis in advanced gastric cancer.Methods The clinical data of 170 patients with advanced gastric cancer who were admitted to the Tianjin Cancer Hospital from January 2007 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received D2 gastrectomy + group 14v lymph node dissection.All the patients were with gastric adenocarcinoma.The general information of the patients,and the number of lymph node dissected and lymph node with positive expression were recorded.Univariate and multivariate analysis of clinicopathological factors influencing the group 14v lymph node metastasis were done using bivariate Logistic regression model.The correlation between the group 14v lymph node metastasis and regional lymph node metastasis was analyzed using the bivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results Of the 170 patients,459 group 14v lymph nodes were dissected,and 2.7 lymph nodes for each patient (range,1-17 lymph nodes) ; 55 positive lymph nodes were detected in patients with group 14v lymph node metastasis,and 1.7 lymph nodes for each patient (range,1-3 lymph nodes).The results of univariate analysis showed that group 14v lymph node metastasis was correlated with the degree of radical dissection of tumor,diameter of the tumor,lymph node metastasis (N stage) and distal metastasis (M stage).Compared with patients with advanced gastric cancer and with R0 resection of tumor,tumor diameter≤4 cm,N0 stages,and M0 stages,patients with R1 or R2 resection,tumor diameter ＞4 cm,N2 stages,N3 stages,and M1 stages had higher risk of group 14v lymph node metastasis (OR =3.899,2.646,19.231,33.929,5.000,95％ confidence interval:1.11113.677,1.075-6.516,2.333-158.548,4.310-267.112,1.617-15.464,P ＜ 0.05).The resnlts of multivariate analysis showed that N stage was the independent risk factor influencing the group 14v lymph node metastasis.Compared with patients in N0 stage,patients in N2 or N3 stage had higher risk of group 14v lymph node metastasis (OR =15.248,26.287,95％ confidence interval:1.811-128.386,3.244-213.034,P ＜ 0.05).Group 4sb,4d,5,6,7,8a,9,11p,12a and 16 lymph node mnetastasis were coxelated with group 14v lymph node metastasis (OR =3.923,3.335,2.693,5.641,3.100,4.203,3.655,3.660,3.838,17.400,95％ confidence interval:1.264-12.177,1.425-7.807,1.149-6.312,2.126-14.965,1.311-7.330,1.735-10.185,1.395-9.582,1.331-10.666,1.086-13.571,2.707-111.837,P ＜0.05).Conclusion N stage is an independent risk factor of group 14v lymph node metastasis,and the status of group 6 lymph node is the best indicator for group 14v lymph node metastasis.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of gray scale contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) in the diagnosis of active hemorrhage of the kidney.Methods Forty-six active hemorrhage animal models were created within the kidney of 23 New Zealand rabbits heparinized under general anesthesia,rabbit kidneys were examined by routine two dimensional ultrasonography and CEUS.Results Routine ultrasonography showed 26 traumas with irregular and poorly defined margins.CEUS showed all active bleeding sites,contrast agents overflowed from injured blood vessel and formed irregular remarkable enhanced parts.After average 85s for contrast agent was injected,the intensity of the enhanced regions in the kidneys were significantly higher than those of normal renal parenchyma.Conclusions CEUS could clearly demonstrate the active hemorrhage in traumatic kidney and could significantly improve the diagnostic level of ultrasonography.

Objective: To analysis the relationship between glucocorticosteroids (GCS) usage and side effects in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Methods: All clinical records of probable SARS patients in Beijing were collected and input into an Epi6 database, in which 1 291 patients had entire information and met the clinical criteria of SARS. The usage of GCS and GCS associated side effects were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Patients accepted GCS therapy were 83.96% (n= 1 084), whereas 16.04%(n=207) did not take GCS. The average dosage of GCS was 160 mg/d in the first week, and then reduced to 80 mg/d and 40 mg/d in the second and the third weeks, respectively. Initial blood glucose, systolic pressure (SBP), and diastolic pressure (DBP) were no significant difference between GCS group and non-GCS group. The highest blood glucose during the treatment in GCS group was markedly higher than that in non-GCS group [(8.68? 4.80 ) mmol/L vs (6.39?3.71) mmol/L, P05). After GCS administration, SBP and DBP were increased gradually, and reached their peaks in the fourth week [SBP (117.2?14.0) mm Hg and DBP (72.5?9.1) mm Hg vs SBP (120.0?12.5) mm Hg and DBP (74.5?8.7) mm Hg, P

Objective To investigate the knowledge level of the caregivers about pressure ulcer in patients with high risk of pressure ulcer in rural community,and to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcer.Methods 216 caregivers for patients with high risk of pressure ulcer in rural community were chosen from Mar.2012 to May 2013.The investigation on the awareness of pressure ulcer was performed by using questionnaire survey.Results The awareness rate of pressure ulcer in caregivers was 41.5 ％.The caregivers had gender difference (174females and 42 males).Most of the caregivers were 41 to 50 years old (124 cases,57.4％).Most caregivers had 1 ～ 2 years work experience (94 cases,43.5％).Most of them had low level of education (170 cases,78.7％) and non-professional training (178 cases,82.4％).The questionnaire score was higher in young caregivers than in the olders(F=2.483,P＜0.05).The questionnaire score was higher in caregivers having a long working lifetime(F=3.624,P＜0.05),higher educationalbackground (F=5.139,P＜ 0.01) and discipline training (t=7.346,P＜ 0.01) than in caregivers not having them.Conclusions The awareness rate of the knowledge about pressure ulcer is low in caregivers for patient with high risk of pressure ulcer in rural community.It is necessary to strengthen the guidance and training in caregivers to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers and the medical cost,and improve the quality of life in patients with high risk of pressure ulcer in rural community.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the serum resistin level and carotid artery atherosclerosis in elderly Chinese males. Methods The study enrolled 235 elderly Chinese males [median age 76 (range 60-97) years] scheduled for ultrasound examination of carotid artery plaque and determination of carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). They were divided into carotid atherosclerotic plaque (CAP) and carotid atherosclerotic plaque-free (CAP-free) groups according to the ultrasound results. Their clinical profiles were col-lected, and the serum resistin and other blood biochemistry levels were determined.Results The CAP group was older and had a thicker mean CIMT than the CAP-free group. However, there was no difference in the serum resistin level between the groups. CIMT was positively correlated with age (r = 0.299,P< 0.001). The serum resistin level was not correlated with CIMT, even after controlling for age. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (β = 0.001,P< 0.001) and body mass index (β = 0.002,P= 0.015) were significantly and posi-tively correlated with the mean CIMT. Only age [odds ratio (OR): 1.159; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.078-1.183,P< 0.001] was associ-ated with the presence of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque. The serum resistin level was not correlated with the mean CIMT or associated with the presence of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque.Conclusion The results suggest that resistin might not be a risk factor for atherosclerosis in elderly Chinese males.